Influenza A viruses can be broken down into sub-types depending on the genes that make up the surface proteins. Over the course of a flu season, different types (A & B) and subtypes (influenza A) of influenza circulate and cause illness. More Information about Flu Viruses Types of Influenza Viruses Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year. How the Flu Virus Can Change Influenza viruses can change in two different ways—antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Transmission of Influenza Viruses from Animals to People Influenza A viruses also are found in many different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses and seals. Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses “Antigens” are molecular structures on the surface of viruses that are recognized by the immune system and are capable of triggering an immune response (antibody production). 2009 H1N1 Influenza The influenza A (H1N1) virus that emerged in 2009 caused the first global influenza pandemic in more than 40 years. Images of Influenza Viruses Graphics of generic influenza viruses

1. Module- 4
Topic name
INFLUENZA VIRUSES
Sub code: BMLT5001
Sub Name: Virology and mycology
Department: Department of MLT, SMAS
Faculty: A. Vamsi Kumar
Designation : Assistant professor
Sem- V

2. SYLLABUS OVERVIEW
Unit-1 Mycology 8 hours
Introduction to medical mycology, basic concepts about superficial and deep mycoses taxonomy , classification &
general characteristics of Various medically important fungi.
Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit-3 Virology 7 hours
Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques
used in virology,
Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)
Unit-4 RNA Viruses 9 hours
RNA Viruses: Polio myelitis, Rhino virus, Influenza, Rabies, Arbo viruses, Measles Mumps, Rubella, HIV
Unit-5 DNA Viruses 8 hours
DNA viruses: Small Pox, HSV, CMV, EBV, Varicella Zoster, Hepatitis, Adeno virus
Unit - 6 Next generation PCR and it’s modren applications 8 Hours
PCR and Next genration DNA Secquencing techniques to identify viral genome: History of PCR, Priciple of PCR, Stages
of PCR, procedure of PCR, Concept of optimization of PCR, Applications of PCR, Advancements in PCR technology, DNA
sequecing techniques, Methods of DNA Sequencing, Next generation DNA sequencing techniques

3. Unit-4 RNA Viruses 9 hours
RNA Viruses: Polio myelitis, Rhino virus, Influenza, Rabies, Arbo
viruses, Measles Mumps, Rubella, HIV
Unit 4

4. Classification / Families of viruses
RNA Viruses
PR2OCBT
H
PCR2MMR3 – IH
1. Polio virus
2. Corona virus
3. Rhino virus
4. Rota virus
5. Measles virus
6. Mumps virus
7. Rubella
8. Rabis
9. Influenza
10. HIV
AIDS

5. NOTES –pg no 132

6. General points
1. Introduction
2. Classification
3. Morphology (General properties)
• Size
• Shape
• Symmetry
• Capsomers
• Genome
• Envelop
• Special viral proteins
4. Susceptibility & Resistance
5. Isolation / Cultivation - Animal/tissue/cell
culture
6. Pathogenesis + mode of transmission +
incubation period
7. Signs & Symptoms + Complications
8. Laboratory diagnosis
• Sample collection (antemortem + Post
mortem )
• Transport
• Direct microscopy
• Culture / isolation of virus
• Cytopathic effects
• Inclusion bodies or other tests
• Immunofluorescence tests
• Molecular tests
• Ag detection tests
• Detection of viral specific antibodies
9. Prophylaxis (Vaccination)
• Active immunization
• Passive immunization
10. Treatment
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

7. Introduction
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

8. Spanish Flu pandemic
1918

9. Spanish Flu pandemic
1918

11. COVID-19
Pandemic

12. Difference between orthomyxo & paramyxo V
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

13. Difference between orthomyxo & paramyxo V

14. Difference between orthomyxo & paramyxo V

15. Classification
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

16. 3. Morphology

17. 3. Morphology

18. 3. Morphology

19. Antigenic classification of Influenza virus
Antigens
Nucleocapsid
(RNP)
Matrix
protein (M)
Surface
glycoproteins
3 polymerase
polypeptides
HA & NA
A, B & CA, B & C
H1 – H16 & N1 – N9 = birds
H1, H2, H3 & N1 & N2 = Humans

20. Antigenic Classification

21. Significance of antigens

22. Antigenic Variation

26. Antigenic Variations

27. Antigenic Variations

29. Difference between Antigenic Drift & Shift

30. Resistance & Susceptibility
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

31. Culture
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T
Wild ferrets

32. 1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

33. Pathogenesis
• There is no viremia
• Secondary infection occurs due to bacterial infection due to basal membrane
• Incubation period is about 1-4 days.
(Destruction of basal membrane)

34. Lab diagnosis
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

35. Lab diagnosis
1. I
2. C
3. M
4. S&R
5. Cul
6. Patho
7. Signs
8. LD
9. Px
10.T

36. Prophylaxis

39. Treatment

43. Objective questions

44. MCQ’s

45. Answers