This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field of Cytopathology. It begins with the basics of cryostat sectioning and enzyme cytochemistry, proceeding towards an in-depth study of cytological investigations, including vital staining and aspiration cytology. The course then focuses on advanced topics like exfoliative cytology, automation in cytology, liquid-based cytology, and immune-cytochemistry. Finally, it allows students to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical applications and master various techniques and staining methods used in a Cytology lab.

1. B.Sc. MLT Syllabus
Attuluri Vamsi Kumar I Assistant professor I Dept of MLT I Ph No: 7416660584 I Website: mltmaster.com
Website: www.mltmaster.com I YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@vamsiMLT
Program Name: B.Sc. Medical Lab Technology
Syllabus of Cytopathology
Course Name: Cytopathology Course Type
Course Coordinator: Attuluri Vamsi Kumar – B.Sc. MLT, M.Sc. MLT, PhD (Perusing)
Designation: Assistant Professor
Department: Department of Medical Lab Technology (MLT)
Program Core
PRE-REQUISITE Applied Histopathology - II Sem: 6 S. No: 42
About Vamsi: I am academician in Medical Laboratory Sciences with a strong desire to improve Outcome
based education (OBE) structured MLT education. I am constantly focusing on building an academic
atmosphere that is set high standards with strong multi blended teaching pedagogy models.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@vamsiMLT
SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/VamsiIntellectual
Website: www.mltmaster.com / https://sites.google.com/view/vamsi-intellectual-protfolio/home
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vamsi-kumar-attuluri-ab8987128/?originalSubdomain=in
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Attuluri-Kumar
Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9278-6714
Contact No: +91 7416660584
Mail ID: vamsifmlt@gmail.com
A. COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field of Cytopathology. It
begins with the basics of cryostat sectioning and enzyme cytochemistry, proceeding towards
an in-depth study of cytological investigations, including vital staining and aspiration
cytology. The course then focuses on advanced topics like exfoliative cytology, automation in
cytology, liquid-based cytology, and immune-cytochemistry. Finally, it allows students to
apply their theoretical knowledge to practical applications and master various techniques and
staining methods used in a Cytology lab.
B. COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. Recall the principles of cryostat sectioning, enzyme cytochemistry, and various staining
techniques.
2. Comprehend the utility and applications of aspiration cytology and the role of a cytotechnologist
in FNAC clinics.
3. Demonstrate the ability to perform Papanicolaou's stain on cervical smear, Guard's staining for sex
chromatin, and Shorr's staining for hormonal assessment.
4. Analyze different body fluid samples using cytospin and understand the principles of automation
in cytology.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of various staining methods and understand the need for particular
staining techniques in different cytological investigations.
C. COURSE OUTCOMES
CO
No
Statement Performance
Indicator
Level of
Learning
(Highest BT
Level)
Target
Attainment
CO1 Upon completion of the course, students will be able
to identify and describe key techniques and
principles in cytopathology, including cryostat
sectioning, enzyme cytochemistry, and various
staining methods.
PI 2.5, PI 6 K1:
Remembering
70%

2. B.Sc. MLT Syllabus
Attuluri Vamsi Kumar I Assistant professor I Dept of MLT I Ph No: 7416660584 I Website: mltmaster.com
Website: www.mltmaster.com I YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@vamsiMLT
CO2 Students will be able to explain the applications and
importance of aspiration cytology, vital staining,
and the role of cytotechnologist in FNAC clinics.
PI 2.1, PI 7, PI
8
K2:
Understanding
70%
CO3 Students will gain practical experience by
demonstrating the ability to perform various
cytological procedures and staining techniques, such
as Papanicolaou's stain on cervical smear, Guard's
staining for sex chromatin, and Shorr's staining for
hormonal a
PI 2.2, PI 2.4,
PI 2.7, PI 5, PI
6
K3: Applying 70%
CO4 Students will learn to analyze different body fluid
samples using cytospin, automation in cytology,
and interpret the results effectively.
PI 2.3, PI 2.6,
PI 2.8, PI 3
K4: Analyzing 70%
CO5 Students will be capable of evaluating the
effectiveness of various staining methods, choosing
appropriate techniques for different cytological
investigations, and understanding their implications
in diagnostics.
PI 2.9, PI 4 K5: Evaluating 70%
CO6 Students will be able to design their own cytological
experiments, applying the principles and techniques
they've learned, thereby gaining a deeper
understanding of the subject.
PI 1, PI 2.4, PI
9, PI 10
K6: Creating 70%
D. SYLLABUS
Unit-1 Introduction to Cytopathology Contact Hours:15
Chapter 1.1 Basics of Cytopathology- Cryostat sectioning, its applications in diagnostic cytopathology,
Enzyme Cytochemistry: Diagnostic applications, Demonstration of Phosphatases,
Dehydrogenases, Oxidases & Peroxidases
Chapter 1.2 Cytological Investigations- Vital staining for Sex Chromatin, Aspiration cytology: Principle,
Indications & utility of the technique with special emphasis on the role of cytotechnologist in
FNAC clinics
Experiment 1 /
Case study
Cryostat sectioning of a tissue sample
Experiment 2 /
Case study
Demonstration of Enzyme Cytochemistry in a cell sample
Experiment 3 /
Case study
Sex Chromatin vital staining
Unit-2 Advanced Techniques in Cytopathologyq Contact Hours:15
Chapter 2.1 Exfoliative Cytology - 42
Chapter 2.2 Automation in Cytopathology- Automation in cytology, Liquid based cytology: Principles
and preparation, Cytocentrifuge, molecular cytology, Cell Block and Immune-cytochemistry
Experiment 4 /
Case study
Preparation of cervical smear for Papanicolaou's staining
Experiment 5 /
Case study
Analysis of CSF sample and body fluids by cytospin
Experiment 6 /
Case study
Demonstration of cytology automation
Experiment 7 /
Case study
Preparation and staining of cell block for immune-cytochemistry
Unit-3 Practical Applications in Cytopathology Contact Hours:15
Chapter 3.1 Cytopathology Techniques- CytopTo perform Papnicolaou‘s stain on cervical smear, To
perform Guard‘s staining for demonstration of sex chromatin (Barr bodies on a buccal smear),
To perform Shorr‘s staining for Hormonal assessmentathology Applications

3. B.Sc. MLT Syllabus
Attuluri Vamsi Kumar I Assistant professor I Dept of MLT I Ph No: 7416660584 I Website: mltmaster.com
Website: www.mltmaster.com I YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@vamsiMLT
Chapter 3.2 Cytopathology Applications- To cut frozen sections of Gynaec tissue, To perform CSF
sample and body fluids by cytospin, Should know the various stains used in Cytology lab: May
Grunwald Giemsa, H&E, PAS, Grocott‘s
Experiment 8 /
Case study
Performing Papnicolaou's stain on a cervical smear
Experiment 9 /
Case study
Conducting Guard's staining for sex chromatin
Experiment 10 /
Case study
Performing Shorr's staining for hormonal assessment
Self-study topics for Advance learners: Advanced Cytopathology Techniques: Covering the
latest methods in cytopathology including immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and fluorescence in
situ hybridization (FISH). This could provide a more detailed understanding of how these advanced
methods are being used in clinical practice., Molecular Cytopathology: This would involve learning
about the application of molecular biology techniques in cytopathology, such as PCR, DNA
sequencing, and molecular profiling. This can be especially relevant for understanding genetic
alterations in cancer cells., Digital and Computational Cytopathology: Exploring the application of
digital imaging and machine learning in cytopathology. This can include understanding how artificial
intelligence is being used for image analysis and diagnosis in cytopathology.
E. TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCE BOOKS
TEXT BOOKS
T1 "Handbook of Histopathological Techniques" by C F A Culling
T2 "Medical Lab technology" by Lynch
T3 "An Introduction to Medical Lab Technology" by F J Baker and Silverton
REFERENCE BOOKS
R1 "Koss's Cytology: Basic Principles and Practice" by Leopold G. Koss and Everson
R2 "The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria, and
Explanatory Notes" by Solomon and Nayar
R3 "Diagnostic Cytopathology Essentials" by Winifred Gray, Gabrijela Kocjan

4. B.Sc. MLT Syllabus
Attuluri Vamsi Kumar I Assistant professor I Dept of MLT I Ph No: 7416660584 I Website: mltmaster.com
Website: www.mltmaster.com I YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@vamsiMLT
Code Performance Indicators
PI 1 Demonstrate professional interpersonal, oral, and written communications skills sufficient to
serve the needs of patients and the public including an awareness of how diversity may affect
the communication process.
PI 2 Perform pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical processes:
PI 2.1 Demonstrate ability to understand investigation/test requisition.
PI 2.2 Collecting the relevant clinical samples along with complete and accurate documentation with
proper safety measures in relation to sample accountability.
PI 2.3 To transport the samples with precautionary measures to the relevant lab section.
PI 2.4 Demonstrate the ability to prepare clinical sample for processing
PI 2.5 To demonstrate the knowledge of accurate sample processing for the required lab
investigation. Perform routine clinical laboratory tests in clinical chemistry,
haematology/haemostasis, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, Histopathology,
Cytopathology, body fluid analysis, and laboratory operations.
PI 2.6 Perform mathematical calculations related to all areas of the clinical laboratory
PI 2.7 Ability to record the test results/data.
PI 2.8 To demonstrate the ability to interpret the test reports and its documentation in lab records.
PI 2.9 Demonstrate ability to release the report to the right person in minimum turn-around time
(TAT).
PI 3 Perform problem solving and troubleshooting techniques for laboratory methodologies
Correlate laboratory test results with patient diagnosis and treatment.
PI 4 To follow basic quality assessment protocol of clinical laboratory.
PI 5 Demonstrate routine laboratory techniques sufficient to orient new employees within the
clinical laboratory.
PI 6 Apply basic scientific principles in learning new techniques/procedures; demonstrate
application of principles and methodologies.
PI 7 Utilize computer technology applications to interact with computerized instruments and
laboratory information systems.
PI 8 Demonstrate adequate knowledge of computer software as it applies to document production,
spreadsheets, and presentations.
PI 9 Demonstrate professional behaviour with co-team mates.
PI 10 Demonstrate sensitivity and compassion towards patients.