Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques used in virology, Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)

1. Module- 3
Topic name
Introduction to medical Virology
Sub code: BMLT5001
Sub Name: Virology and mycology
Department: Department of MLT, SMAS
Faculty: A. Vamsi Kumar
Designation : Assistant professor
Sem- V

2. SYLLABUS OVERVIEW
Unit-1 Mycology 8 hours
Introduction to medical mycology, basic concepts about superficial and deep mycoses taxonomy , classification &
general characteristics of Various medically important fungi.
Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit-3 Virology 7 hours
Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques
used in virology,
Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)
Unit-4 RNA Viruses 9 hours
RNA Viruses: Polio myelitis, Rhino virus, Influenza, Rabies, Arbo viruses, Measles Mumps, Rubella, HIV
Unit-5 DNA Viruses 8 hours
DNA viruses: Small Pox, HSV, CMV, EBV, Varicella Zoster, Hepatitis, Adeno virus
Unit - 6 Next generation PCR and it’s modren applications 8 Hours
PCR and Next genration DNA Secquencing techniques to identify viral genome: History of PCR, Priciple of PCR, Stages
of PCR, procedure of PCR, Concept of optimization of PCR, Applications of PCR, Advancements in PCR technology, DNA
sequecing techniques, Methods of DNA Sequencing, Next generation DNA sequencing techniques

3. Unit – 3
Unit-3 Virology 7 hours
Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of
sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques used in virology,
Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)

4. Course outcomes
On completion of this course, the student can be able to:
• Apply their knowledge and identify various types of viruses

5. Learning outcomes
LO1: Summarize the classification of viruses
LO2: Explain the structure of viruses
LO3: Detect viruses using different assays
LO4: Demonstrate culture techniques used to propagate human viruses

6. ?
Charles Darwin

7. ?

12. Let us discuss about “Sizes”
Virus can ReproduceReproduce
Replicate !

14. 20-300nm in diameter

15. Morphology of virus
1. Size
2. Structure
• Nucleocapsid
• Envelop
3. Symmetry
• Icosahedra
• Helical
• Complex
4. Shape

17. 2000 Ab’s/ sec

18. Viral Replication

20. Sir. DAVID BALTIMORE

21. Introduction

23. Families of virus!

24. Names / Classification of the virus

25. Names / Classification of the virus

26. Even virus also have families!

27. Families of viruses
DNA Viruses RNA Viruses
HAP3
Herpes viridae
1. Alpha – HS1, HS2, EBV
2. Beta – CMV
3. Gama -VZ
DNA “HAS” the potential
ii. Adenovirus
iii. Small pox
iv. Hepatitis
PR2OCBT
H H
PCR2MMR3 – IH
1. Polio virus
2. Corona virus
3. Rhino virus
4. Rota virus
5. Measles virus
6. Mumps virus
7. Rubella
8. Rabis
9. Influenza
10. HIV
AIDS

29. SYLLABUS OVERVIEW
Unit-1 Mycology 8 hours
Introduction to medical mycology, basic concepts about superficial and deep mycoses taxonomy , classification &
general characteristics of Various medically important fungi.
Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit-3 Virology 7 hours
Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques
used in virology,
Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)
Unit-4 RNA Viruses 9 hours
RNA Viruses: Polio myelitis, Rhino virus, Influenza, Rabies, Arbo viruses, Measles Mumps, Rubella, HIV
Unit-5 DNA Viruses 8 hours
DNA viruses: Small Pox, HSV, CMV, EBV, Varicella Zoster, Hepatitis, Adeno virus
Unit - 6 Next generation PCR and it’s modren applications 8 Hours
PCR and Next genration DNA Secquencing techniques to identify viral genome: History of PCR, Priciple of PCR, Stages
of PCR, procedure of PCR, Concept of optimization of PCR, Applications of PCR, Advancements in PCR technology, DNA
sequecing techniques, Methods of DNA Sequencing, Next generation DNA sequencing techniques

30. Unit – 3
Unit-3 Virology 7 hours
Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of
sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques used in virology,
Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)

31. Contents

32. Contents1. Introduction
2. Classification of viruses
3. Morphology of the virus + Susceptibility of the virus
4. Mechanism of viral replication
5. Virus Culture
6. Cytopathic effects & Inclusion bodies
7. Virus host interaction / Pathogenesis + Clinical symptoms
8. Sample collection
9. Laboratory diagnosis
a. Cultivation of virus
b. Cytopathic effects
c. Inclusion bodies detection
d. Hemadsorption test
e. Interference test
f. Transformation test
g. Immunofluorescences test
h. Electron microscopy
i. Molecular tests: PCR
j. Serological tests: ELISA / RIA
8. Treatment
9. Immuno prophylaxis (vaccination)

33. NOTES

34. 1. Introduction

36. Classification / Families of viruses
DNA Viruses RNA Viruses
HAP3
Herpes viridae
1. Alpha – HS1, HS2, EBV
2. Beta – CMV
3. Gama -VZ
DNA “HAS” the potential
ii. Adenovirus
iii. Small pox
iv. Hepatitis
PR2OCBT
H H
PCR2MMR3 – IH
1. Polio virus
2. Corona virus
3. Rhino virus
4. Rota virus
5. Measles virus
6. Mumps virus
7. Rubella
8. Rabis
9. Influenza
10. HIV
AIDS

37. Morphology of virus
Morphology of virus
Morphology Chemical
properties of virus
Susceptibility of the
virus
1. Size
2. Structure & symmetry
3. Shape
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Lipid Solvents
4. Disinfectants
5. Radiations
1. Nucleic Acid DNA or RNA
2. Proteins (Capsid)
3. Lipids (envelop)

38. Morphology of virus

43. 2. Chemical properties
(Protein)
(Lipid)

44. Virus Susceptibility to physical & chemical agents

56. Virus cultivation

65. Embryonated egg
CAM
Chorio allantoic
membrane
Allantoic cavity Amniotic sac Yolk sac

69. But not all viruses can grow in embryonated
egg…………………….?

70. Tissue culture

73. Tissue
culture
Organ culture Explant culture Cell culture
1. Primary cell culture
2. Diploid cell culture
3. Continuous cell culture
(immortal cell culture )

84. Detection of viruses in cell cultures
1. Cytopathic effects
2. Inclusion bodies
3. Hemadsorption
4. Interference
5. Transformation
6. Immunofluorescence

85. Detection of viruses in cell cultures

86. Detection of viruses in cell cultures

87. Detection of viruses in cell cultures

89. Detection of viruses in cell cultures
1. Cytopathic effects
2. Inclusion bodies
3. Hemadsorption
4. Interference
5. Transformation
6. Immunofluorescence

90. Inclusion bodies
Distinctive

97. Hemadsorption

98. Hemadsorption

100. Cell culture

103. Laboratory Diagnosis
Lab diagnosis
Direct demonstration
of virus
Isolation of virus Detection of Viral
specific antibodies
1. Electron Microscopy
2. Immunoelectron
microscopy
3. Fluorescent microscopy
4. Light microscopy
5. Viral antigens detection by
ELISA
6. By using nucleic acids
probes
7. Polymerase Chain reaction
(PCR)
1. Organ culture
2. Explant culture
3. Cell culture
• Primary cell cultures
• Diploid cell cultures
• Continuous cell culture
(Immortal cell lines)

104. Pathogenesis of viral infection

113. General points
1. Introduction
2. Classification
3. Morphology (General properties)
• Size
• Shape
• Symmetry
• Capsomers
• Genome
• Envelop
• Special viral proteins
4. Susceptibility & Resistance
5. Isolation / Cultivation - Animal/tissue/cell
culture
6. Pathogenesis + mode of transmission +
incubation period
7. Signs & Symptoms + Complications
8. Laboratory diagnosis
• Sample collection (antemortem + Post
mortem )
• Transport
• Direct microscopy
• Culture / isolation of virus
• Cytopathic effects
• Inclusion bodies or other tests
• Immunofluorescence tests
• Molecular tests
• Ag detection tests
• Detection of viral specific antibodies
9. Prophylaxis (Vaccination)
• Active immunization
• Passive immunization
10. Treatment

115. Reference
• https://www.slideshare.net/VamsiIntellectual/introduction-to-
hematology-173160503
• Dr. NTR university of health sciences B.Sc. MLT syllabus

116. Youtube videos
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-hm3pdr8UA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQWlcSp9Sls
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVWOlKdpF_I