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Influenza Virus
- 1. INFLUENZA VIRUS INFLUENZA VIRUS www.freelivedoctor.com
- 3. South Carolina 1996-1997 DHEC bulletin http://www.state.sc.us/dhec/LAB/labbu017.htm no virus influenza A influenza B CULTURE RESULTS malathia influenzae per le stelle www.freelivedoctor.com
- 4. THE IMPACT OF INFLUENZA PANDEMICS Deaths: www.freelivedoctor.com
- 8. ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES type A, B, C : NP , M1 protein sub-types: HA or NA protein www.freelivedoctor.com M1 protein helical nucleocapsid (RNA plus NP protein) HA - hemagglutinin polymerase complex lipid bilayer membrane NA - neuraminidase
- 10. NORMAL TRACHEAL MUCOSA 3 DAYS POST-INFECTION 7 DAYS POST-INFECTION Lycke and Norrby Textbook of Medical Virology 1983 www.freelivedoctor.com
- 13. An immunological diversion INTERFERON www.freelivedoctor.com
- 14. INTERFERON time course of virus production will vary from virus to virus www.freelivedoctor.com
- 16. INTERFERON www.freelivedoctor.com antiviral state antiviral state antiviral state antiviral state
- 17. INTERFERON www.freelivedoctor.com antiviral state antiviral state antiviral state antiviral state
- 18. INTERFERON www.freelivedoctor.com antiviral state antiviral state antiviral state antiviral state
- 19. INTERFERON THE VIRUSES ARE COMING! http://www.paulreverehouse.org/midnight.html PAUL REVERE http://www.mfa.org/collections/one_hour/6.htm www.freelivedoctor.com
- 23. INTERFERON-ALPHA AND INTERFERON-BETA www.freelivedoctor.com
- 24. interferon-alpha, interferon-beta interferon receptor induction of 2’5’oligo A synthase induction of protein kinase R (PKR) 2’5’oligo A induction of ribonuclease L activated ribonuclease L ATP activated protein kinase R activated 2’5’oligo A synthase ATP 2’5’oligo A mRNA degraded phosphorylated initiation factor (eIF-2) inhibition of protein synthesis www.freelivedoctor.com
- 25. interferon-alpha, interferon-beta interferon receptor induction of 2’5’oligo A synthase induction of protein kinase R (PKR) 2’5’oligo A induction of ribonuclease L activated ribonuclease L ATP ds RNA ds RNA activated protein kinase R activated 2’5’oligo A synthase ATP 2’5’oligo A mRNA degraded phosphorylated initiation factor (eIF-2) inhibition of protein synthesis www.freelivedoctor.com
- 32. BACK TO INFLUENZA www.freelivedoctor.com
- 34. INTERFERON time course of virus production will vary from virus to virus www.freelivedoctor.com
- 43. HA protein - attachment, fusion inside of virion membrane www.freelivedoctor.com S S S S S S host enzymes acid pH
- 44. NA protein - neuraminidase inside of virion membrane www.freelivedoctor.com
- 47. INFLUENZA A PANDEMICS Ryan et al., in Sherris Medical Microbiology www.freelivedoctor.com
- 49. Where do “new” HA and NA come from? www.freelivedoctor.com
- 54. RECOMMENDATIONS Persons Who Can Transmit Influenza to Those at High Risk Persons who are clinically or subclinically infected can transmit influenza virus to persons at high risk for complications from influenza. www.freelivedoctor.com
- 59. NA protein - neuraminidase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.freelivedoctor.com
- 61. TYPE A ++++ yes yes yes shift, drift yes (sensitive) sensitive 2 severity of illness animal reservoir human pandemics human epidemics antigenic changes segmented genome amantadine, rimantidine zanamivir,oseltamivir surface glycoproteins TYPE B ++ no no yes drift yes no effect sensitive 2 TYPE C + no no no (sporadic) drift yes no effect (1) www.freelivedoctor.com
Editor's Notes
- Figures have tended to increase recently - in part due to aging of population?
- Rapid tests - signifcance in ascertaining whether the infection is influenza and which type it is since now have therapeutic agents (some of which are type specific) - signifcance in differential diagnosis - eg if need to determine if Flu v. SARS - advent of rapid easy tests may increase diagnosis - may realise that flu involved in more illnesses than realised (eg enhanced surveillance of patients <21 at low risk for complications who were admitted to hospital for a variety of symptoms revealed that more severe morbitity and mortality assoc with influenza that was realised -2003).