infectious mononucleosis
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This document discusses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis. It defines EBV and describes the typical clinical presentation of fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and fatigue. Complications are outlined as neurological, hematological, splenic rupture, respiratory, or hepatic issues. Risk factors include people ages 15-30 and those with frequent social contact. Diagnosis involves history, exam findings, and lab tests like mono spot testing and antibody levels. Treatment is generally supportive with rest, hydration, and pain medications while monitoring for complications.
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Infectious mononucleosis
This document summarizes key information about infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It was first described in 1920 and causes fever, pharyngitis, and adenopathy. Diagnosis involves detecting heterophile antibodies or testing for EBV-specific antibodies. Physical exam may show lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or periorbital edema. Laboratory tests include complete blood count showing lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytes as well as elevated liver enzymes. Specific antibody testing confirms diagnosis and distinguishes between acute and past EBV infection.
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This document discusses infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It states that EBV is spread through oral secretions and is a cause of infectious mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis presents as enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, fever, and extreme tiredness. EBV is also associated with African Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and B cell lymphomas. Treatment for infectious mononucleosis involves rest and supportive care.
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This document summarizes key information about infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It was first described in 1920 and causes fever, pharyngitis, and adenopathy. Diagnosis involves detecting heterophile antibodies or testing for EBV-specific antibodies. Physical exam may show lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or periorbital edema. Laboratory tests include complete blood count showing lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytes as well as elevated liver enzymes. Specific antibody testing confirms diagnosis and distinguishes between acute and past EBV infection.
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infectious mononucleosis
- 2. 1. Definition of EBV / Infectious mononucleosis 2. Pathophysiology 3. Clinical presentation / complication 4. Risk factors 5. Diagnosis 6. Treatment and management
- 3. Definition 1. composed of a double helix of DNA which contains about 172,000 base pairs and 85 genes 2. surrounded by an envelope containing both lipids 3. surface projections of glycoproteins which are essential to infection of the host cell
- 4. Definition 1. group of symptoms usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus 2. typically occurs in teenagers
- 7. Clinical presentation Typically presented with 1. Fever 2. Pharyngitis 3. Lymphadenopathy 4. Fatiuge 5. Atypical lymphocytosis 6. Splenomegaly
- 9. Complications 1- Neurologic complications (encephalitis, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, viral meningitis) • 2- Hematologic complications Granulocytopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic anemia 3- Splenic rupture 4- Respiratory complications upper airway obstruction due to pharyngeal or paratracheal lymphadenopathy 5- Hepatic complications elevated aminotransferase levels
- 10. Risk factors • Anyone who regularly comes into close contact with large numbers of people is at an increased risk for mono • people between the ages of 15 and 30 • School / College Students • medical Staff
- 11. Diagnosis • Most important diagnostic test is full history and clinical examination • Look for the classical tried ( fever – pharyngitis – lymphadenopathy ) • Look for the other symptoms
- 12. Laboratory investigations • 1- Mono spot test ( Hetrophile antibody test ) • heterophile antibodies react to antigens from animal RBCs such as Sheep RBCs and horse RBCs • This antibody produced by infected B cells • This antibody is negative in the first week of the infection and once the • infected B cells clears the test will be negative
- 13. Laboratory investigations • 2- Anti- VCA Antibody • Anti viral caspid antigene Antibodies • Produced by the immune system • Appears early in the course of the infection and persist permanently • 3- Anti EBNA Antibody • Appears late after the infection • If all Labs are negative and you still suspect Mononucleosis infection then look for other causes ?
- 14. Other causes of infectious mononucleosis • CMV • HIV • Toxoplasmosis • Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) • Hepatitis
- 16. Laboratory investigations An Atypical Lymphocyte in a Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis (Wright– Giemsa). Reproduced from: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan JL. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1993- 2000
- 17. Imaging
- 18. Treatment and management • In most cases is supportive tratment only…. 1. Rest 2. Hydrated 3. pain medications such as acetaminophen Acyclovir ? inhibits permissive EBV infection through inhibition of EBV DNA-polymerase but has no effect on latent infection or ability to cure the infection
- 19. Treatment and management • Corticosteroids ? • generally should not be used in uncomplicated disease • helpful for complications such as impending airway obstruction, severe thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia