During the Industrial Era from 1877-1882, known as the Gilded Age, industrialists like Carnegie and Rockefeller amassed great wealth through industries like steel and oil. Labor unrest grew as workers faced difficult conditions and low pay without protections. Both farmers and workers organized movements and unions to advocate for economic reforms and government regulation of large businesses. As more Americans moved to cities, urban poverty and slums grew due to lack of policies around housing, healthcare, and workers' rights. Women and African Americans faced continued discrimination and worked to gain more rights and opportunities through new organizations.