This document provides information about American society and politics in the Progressive Era as well as America's evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the 20th century. It discusses major reforms like Upton Sinclair's The Jungle exposing conditions in the meatpacking industry which led to new federal regulations. It also describes Jane Addams and her settlement house Hull House which helped reform living conditions for the poor. Additionally, it outlines America's growing imperialism through events like the Spanish-American War, the Philippine-American War, and the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine expanding U.S. influence in Latin America.

1. SSUSH 13 & 14

2. SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform
American society and politics in the Progressive Era.
 a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal
oversight of the meatpacking industry.
 b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe
the role of women in reform movements.
 c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v.
Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
 d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.
 e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such
as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of
senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve
living conditions for the poor in cities
 f. Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests; include the
role of Theodore Roosevelt.


3. SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s
evolving relationship with the world at the turn of
the twentieth century.
 a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the
west coast.
 b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war
in the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
 c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the
Panama Canal.

4. EXPLAIN AMERICA’S EVOLVING
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WORLD
AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and
anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.
b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in
the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

5. C. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v.
Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.

6. Treatment of Blacks
 Jim Crow era 1877-1954
 Segregation in N and S
 Rise in lynchings
 Whites determined to
keep blacks ―in their
place‖

7. Supreme Court
 Ruled against blacks in many based
on 14th Amendment, said it applied to
states, not to individuals
 Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 – SC ruled
―separate but equal‖ facilities ok

8. Black reaction
 Turned to own communities
 Churches grew in importance
 Set up own businesses to serve black
community

9. Ida B. Wells
 Born into slavery
 After losing a lawsuit involving
discrimination, became a
journalist
 A crusader against lynching
 Helped form NAACP

10. Booker T. Washington
 Founded Tuskegee
Institute in AL 1881 –
 Teach a skill and work out
of poverty
 1895 at Atlanta Cotton
States and International
Exposition - ―Atlanta
Compromise‖ speech –
doctrine of
accommodation

11. Atlanta, 1895: Booker T. Washington’s Speech:
The Atlanta Compromise

12. W.E.B. Du Bois
 Criticized Washington
 Son of free blacks – educated at
Harvard
 Taught at Atlanta Univ in 1897
 Fought for political and legal
rights, and Liberal Arts Education–
Talented 10th

13. B. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and
describe the role of women in reform
movements.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.

14. Why move to cities in the late
1800s?
 Louis Sullivan perfected skyscrapers
 Electricity, indoor plumbing and
heat, telephones, Otis elevators, steam-driven
commuter trains then electric trolleys
 Macy’s and Marshall Field’s provided jobs and
attracted middle-class shoppers

15. Reasons not to move into the
cities:
 Trash
 Criminals
 Impure water
 Unwashed bodies
 Droppings in streets – unsanitary
 Slums esp. tenements were
dark, crowded, little ventilation or sanitation

16. Things to keep in mind from last
unit
 ―Native‖ Americans blamed immigrants for
corruption in urban government.
 Unions blamed them for low wages and
bringing in doctrines like socialism and
communism
 American Protective Association
 Laws restricting Immigrants
 Belief in Social Darwinism

17. Churches (Social Gospel)
 YMCAs and YWCAs began
 YMCA came to US in 1850s and grew in 1870
 Salvation Army also established to help the
poor

18. Settlement Houses
 Jane Addams founded Hull House in 1889 to
teach children and adults skills needed to
succeed in US - Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

19. Women
 NAWSA (National American Woman’s
Suffrage Association) in 1890 – led by
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony
 Carrie Chapman Catt – women need vote to
do traditional duties
 19th Amendment ratified in August of 1920

20. PROGRESSIVE ERA

21. Progressive Era
 1900-1920
 Depression in 1890s
 Social unrest
 Time of reform and change
 Presidents: T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

22. Goals
 Stop abuses of urban bosses and corporate
robber barons
 Greater democracy
 Honest and effective government
 More effective regulation of big business
 Greater social justice for working people
 Use govt for human welfare

23. A. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and
federal oversight of the meatpacking
industry.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.

24. Food
 Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle in 1906
 Exposed problems in meat-packing plants in
Chicago
 President Teddy Roosevelt got confirmation
 Meat Inspection Act of 1906 – inspections and
sanitary standards
 Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 –
preparation of foods, patent medications, and
forbade selling, marketing, transporting funky
food, drugs, or liquor

25. D. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.
E. Describe the significance of progressive
reforms such as the initiative, recall, and
referendum; direct election of senators; reform
of labor laws; and efforts to improve living
conditions for the poor in cities
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.

26. Muckrakers
 Journalists who exposed corruption
 Believed in democracy – expose the
problem, rouse the people, and it will be fixed
 Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives – slums
 Upton Sinclair —The Jungle—Meatpacking
Industry
 John Spargo —Child labor
 Lincoln Steffens & Thomas Nast- Corruption
of Political Officials
 Ida Tarbell- Big Business (Standard Oil)

27. Corruption in City politics
 City services needed to be provided:
transportation, sanitation and utilities
 Political machines developed led by a
political boss who ran city – usually involved
in graft, buying votes, taking kickbacks, etc.
 Earned support by distributing needed
supplies, finding jobs, organizing English
classes, sports teams, neighborhood
gatherings

28. Democracy
 Direct primary – all party members vote, not
just bosses
 Initiative- Voters can put issues on ballot
 Referendum- direct vote on question
 Recall- removal from office
 Voter registration laws
 17th Amendment – direct election of senators

29. Efficiency
 Commission system- Galveston, TX 1901 –
authority in Board of elected administrative
heads of city dept
 City-manager plan- prof. administrators ran
city govt according to policies set by elected
council and mayor

30. Supreme Court reaction to
Progressivism
 Muller v. Oregon 1908 – 10 hour work day for
women – attorney Louis Brandeis argued
based on women’s health
 Bunting v. Oregon 1917 – 10 hour work day for
men too

31. Prohibition
 WCTU since 1874
 Anti-Saloon League 1893 more successful –
endorsed amendment
 18th Amendment – ratified in 1919, repealed
with the 21st Amendment in 1933

32. F. Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests;
include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
SSUSH13 The student will identify major
efforts to reform American society and
politics in the Progressive Era.

33. Conservation
 Yellowstone National Park in 1872 – Indians
were moved out
 Division of Forestry added to Department of
Interior (now U.S. Forest Service) 1881
 Forest Reserve Act of 1891 – set aside 172 m
acres of federal timberland

34.  1898 Gifford Pinchot named head of Division
of Forestry
 Roosevelt created 50 federal wildlife
refuges, 5 national parks, and set aside land
for national monuments

35. AN AMERICAN EMPIRE

36. EXPLAIN AMERICA’S EVOLVING
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WORLD
AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and
anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.
b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in
the Philippines, and the debate over American
expansionism.
c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

37. a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the
west coast.
SSUSH14 The student will explain
America’s evolving relationship with the
world at the turn of the twentieth century.

38. President William McKinley
 1882 Cong authorized 10-year suspension of
Chinese immigration – aka Chinese
Exclusion Act
 Boxer Rebellion 1900
 Chinese nationalists (Boxer Army) rebelled against
foreigners in China
 Took foreign diplomats hostage

39. b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war
in the Philippines, and the debate over
American expansionism.
SSUSH14 The student will explain
America’s evolving relationship with the
world at the turn of the twentieth century.

40. National mood
 Isolationist after Civil War
 Manifest destiny – God ordained for us to
spread
 With industrialization, we needed more raw
materials & markets

41. Abandoning Isolationism
 ―Seward’s Folly‖:1867 Sec. of
State William Seward
purchased Alaska from
Russia- $7.2 million
 Hawaii-1893 American
businesses, led by Sanford
Dole, revolted and took power
from royal family.
 Annexed by the U.S. in 1898

42. Spanish-American War Causes
 1895 Cuba revolted against Spain
 Yellow journalism – Hearst and Pulitzer
 The U.S.S. Maine Explosion—American ship
in Cuba

43. Declaration of War
 War declared to protect American property and
trade -
 Teller Amendment – said US would not
annex Cuba when war was over.
 We also move into the Philippines and other
Spanish possessions to help them revolt.

44. Fronts
 Philippines:
 Emilio Aguinaldo – helped American forces
liberate them from Spanish
 When Filipinos realize we want to rule
them, Aguinaldo leads them in battle against
America

45.  Cuba:
 US blockaded Spanish fleet at Santiago
 Rough Riders – T. Roosevelt and Leonard
Wood attack San Juan Hill
 Armistice – August 12, 1898
Spain gives up Cuba
 American deaths – 5,462 but
only 379 from battle

46. Results
 1. Treaty of Paris 1898– we get Guam and
Puerto Rico, pay Spain $20 m for Philippines
 2. Platt Amendment-- U.S. granted Cuba
independence in 1901, w/ conditions:
 Cuba can’t make treaties with other countries
against U.S.
 U.S. permanent military base at Guantanamo Bay
 3. America assumes new role as a world
power

47.  4. Leonard Wood & Walter Reed – studied yellow
fever– discover mosquito connection.
 5. Made Latin America nervous about our
intentions

48. PRESIDENT TEDDY
ROOSEVELT’S FOREIGN
POLICY

49. c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as
reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the
Panama Canal.
SSUSH14 The student will explain
America’s evolving relationship with the
world at the turn of the twentieth century.

50. Roosevelt Corollary
 1904 Dominican
Republic won’t pay debts
(to European Nations)
 Monroe Doctrine (1823)
said no European
intervention
 Corollary said US could
police this hemisphere

51. Big Stick Diplomacy
 ―Speak softly and carry a big stick‖
 Depended on strong military to achieve its
goals.
 Moral responsibility to “civilize” or
uplift, weaker nations.

52. Panama Canal
 Needed consent of Columbia
 used―big stick‖ and helped Panama revolt from
Columbia
 Cut 8,000 nautical miles off travel from west
coast to east coast
 Completed in 1914

53. U.S. and Japan
 Gentlemen’s Agreement – San Francisco
would retract ban on Japanese children
enrolling in schools if Japan would limit
immigrants to U.S.
 Great White Fleet – 16 battleships sent on
―tour‖
 Message to Japanese – look at our military
 Led to Root – Takahira Agreement – US and
Japan respect China’s Open Door Policy

54. Big Stick Diplomacy