Robot welding is a process that uses robots to join materials like metals through processes that apply heat, either electrically or with a gas torch. Robots are beneficial for arc welding as they can work in hazardous conditions like emitting UV radiation and sparks, improving safety. Robots also offer benefits like higher quality, productivity, and improved ergonomics over human welders. They face challenges in welding irregular or varying parts. Material handling robots transfer parts between locations using pick and place motions or load and unload machines. They are also used for processing like spot welding automotive bodies.