This document discusses Indonesian education and the challenges it faces in the 21st century. It notes that education was a main driver of social transformation in Indonesia's history. Currently, Indonesia has over 310,000 schools educating over 51 million students, with literacy over 90%. However, test scores show Indonesian students performing below international averages in mathematics and science. Challenges include an emphasis on rote learning over creativity, a rigid hierarchy of subjects, and reliance on standardized testing. Transforming education will require teaching for understanding and diversity. A good education system should cultivate students' creativity and curiosity, avoid discrimination, and promote lifelong learning among both students and teachers.

1. Indonesian Education and The National
Awakening in the 21st Century
By: Iwan Syahril

2. Indonesia

5. ❖ Indonesian history proved that
education was the main force towards
social transformation.
❖ Education educated citizens as
agents of change.

6. ❖ Question:
Does education still hold the
promise to transform Indonesian
society to meet the challenges of
the 21st century?

7. The Current State of
Indonesian Education

8. ❖ More than 310,000 schools.
❖ More than 3.3 million teachers.
❖ More than 51 million students.
❖ More than 90% literacy rate.

9. Mathematics Science
1999 2003 2007 1999 2003 2007
Indonesia 403
411
(34/35)
397
(36/49)
435
420
(36/45)
427
(36/49)
Top
Achiever
604 605 598 568 578 567
Lowest
Achiever
275 264 307 243 244 303
International
Average
466 451 473 466
Score Performance of Indonesian 8th grade Students’ in Mathematics &
Science According toTIMSS
Source: Jalal, F., et al. (2009) Teacher Certification in Indonesia:A strategy for teacher quality improvement. Jakarta,
Indonesia: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia

10. Science Reading Mathematics
Indonesia 393 (52/57) 393 (48/56) 391 (51/57)
Top Achiever 563 556 549
Lowest
Achiever
322 285 311
Median 443 421 430
Score Performance of Indonesian 15-Year-Old Students in Science,
Reading, and Mathematics According to PISA 2006.
Source: Jalal, F., et al. (2009) Teacher Certification in Indonesia:A strategy for teacher quality improvement. Jakarta,
Indonesia: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia

11. 27 Singapore
37 Brunei
57 Malaysia
92 Thailand
97 The Philippines
108 Indonesia
Human Development Index 2010

12. Opportunity-to-learn
Standards
OUTPUTPROCESSINPUT
Adequate
Funding
Qualified
Teachers
Test Scores

13. Adequate
Funding ???
Operational Definition of
Quality Education ???

14. Sanders & Rivers, 1999
8 years old Student A Student B
high quality
teachers
low quality
teachers
11 years old 93% 37%

15. Educational Challenges
for the 21st Century

16. TECHNOLOGY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st
CENTURY

17. Sir Ken Robinson, 2009
❖ 3 Features in Many Educational Systems:
1. Pre-occupation with certain sorts of
academic ability - numbers and words.
2. Hierarchy of subjects: math, language,
science - humanities - art (music, visual art -
dance, theater).
3. Growing reliance on particular types of
assessment - standardized tests.

18. Darling-Hammond, 1997
❖ Building a system of schools for
contemporary society requires 2 things:
1.To Teach for Understanding
2.To Teach for Diversity

19. 5 Principles in Educational
Transformation

20. ❖ A good education should not lock students’ creativity
and imagination.
❖ A good education should not silence students’ curiosity
and inquiry.
❖ A good education should model the values we believe as a
society.
❖ A good education should not discriminate and should not
instill seeds of suspicions or hate based on race, ethnicity,
religion, wealth, and social status.
❖ A good education should lead to a learning culture
modeled by all teachers.

21. A Learning Country, A Learning Nation!