The document outlines the history and reforms of the Philippine education system. It discusses key reforms like the K-12 program implemented in 2012 to align the education system with global standards. The K-12 program added two years to high school and improved teacher training. It also overhauled the curriculum with a focus on job readiness, STEM skills and 21st century competencies. More recent reforms presented in 2023 aim to further strengthen foundational skills, implement blended learning, and prioritize teacher welfare.

1. Needed
Reforms in
Education
Presented by: Jelly Sicangco

2. Reform refers to changes or alterations made to a
system, process, institution, policy, or
practice with the intention of improving,
updating, or enhancing its efficiency,
effectiveness, fairness, or overall
functioning. Reforms can encompass a
wide range of areas, including political,
economic, social, educational, and legal
systems.

3. Educational reforms can be
driven by a variety of factors
Demographic
Changes
Cultural or
ideological
shifts

4. Common goals of educational
reforms include:

5. What are
the needed
reforms in
education?

6. Universal Access to
Quality Education:
Ensuring that all
children in the
Philippines have
equal access to
quality education,
regardless of their
socio-economic
status, geographical
location, or
disability.

7. Universal access to quality education
involves several important elements,
including:
Ensuring that
schools are located
in areas that are
easily accessible to
all children,
regardless of
where they live.
Providing
resources and
materials that
support learning,
such as textbooks,
technology, and
well-trained
teachers.
Offering support
services to students
with disabilities,
such as assistive
technology,
specialized
instruction, and
accommodations.
Creating a
supportive and
inclusive learning
environment that
fosters creativity,
critical thinking,
and collaboration.

8. Enhanced Teacher
Training Programs:
Implementing
comprehensive and
continuous professional
development programs
for teachers to
improve their
pedagogical skills and
keep them updated
with the latest
teaching
methodologies.

9. Some of the key elements of an
enhanced teacher training program
include:
Pedagogical Skills
Development
Subject Matter
Mastery
Technology
Integration
Classroom
Management

10. Technology
Integration: Promoting
the integration of
technology in teaching
and learning processes
to enhance digital
literacy, critical
thinking, and
problem-solving skills
among students.

11. Some of the key benefits of
technology integration in education
include:
Enhancing Digital
Literacy
Promoting Critical
Thinking
Encouraging
Collaborative
Learning
Personalizing
Learning

12. Early Childhood
Education: Expanding
access to high-quality
early childhood
education programs to
ensure that all
children have a strong
foundation for future
learning.

13. Expanding access to high-quality early
childhood education programs involves
several important elements, including:
Providing Skilled
Teachers
Supporting Parents
and Families
Promoting Holistic
Development
Engaging in Play-
based Learning

14. Strengthening
Technical and
Vocational Education:
Enhancing technical
and vocational
education programs to
provide students with
relevant skills and
competencies for the
job market.

15. Enhancing Science,
Technology,
Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM)
Education: Promoting
STEM education to
develop a skilled
workforce in science,
technology,
engineering, and
mathematics fields to
support innovation and
economic growth.

16. Strengthening
Indigenous Peoples'
Education: Ensuring
that education
programs for
indigenous peoples are
culturally sensitive
and inclusive,
preserving their
heritage and
promoting their rights.

17. Gender-responsive
Education:
Incorporating gender-
responsive education in
the curriculum to
promote gender
equality, address
gender-based violence,
and challenge gender
stereotypes.

18. Education for
Sustainable
Development:
Integrating education
for sustainable
development into the
curriculum to raise
awareness about
environmental
conservation, climate
change, and
sustainable practices.

19. Mental Health and
Well-being:
Incorporating mental
health education and
support services in
schools to promote
mental health
awareness, resilience,
and well-being among
students.

20. Curriculum Review and
Update: Regularly
reviewing and
updating the national
curriculum to align
with global standards
and meet the changing
needs of the job
market and society.

21. K-12
Program
Biggest Change in
Education Reform

22. Basic Eucation
Program
History of the Philippines Education System
Shape by colonial and post-war
history
Specifically,Spanish and US
Colonization
SPANISH colonization
-provided by missionaries
(religion focus)
education are not
applicable to all Filipinos
only during 19th century
SOLUTION
-established training schools for teachers
and brought 1000 teachers for 20th-
century training.
20th century
-emphasis on vocational and adult
education
1974- bilingual teaching was introduced
with Science and Literature taught in
English.
1987- a commitment to bilingual
education and universal access was
established in 1987 constitution.
AMERICAN colonization
1898- consideration was given
to non-religious education
-English Language teaching and
free primary education are
accessible to all. However, a
lack of competent teachers.
Education System
Has a vibrant and diverse system.
Supported by the Government and
assisted by the private sectors.

23. "Filipinos were at the disadvantage in competing
globally because of the old curriculum that he likened to
“force feeding.”
“There is no time for the children to savor the knowledge
they are receiving … The result: information is not
processed as well as it should be, context is not a given
and thus not applied, and the implications on the greater
majority of Filipinos are not explained

24. K-12 Program

25. The shift to K-12 began
under President
Duterte’s predecessor,
Benigno Aquino III, who
approached education as
an investment in
Filipinos, and offered a
10-point plan for
improving education as
part of his election
campaign.
10-Point Plan

26. DepEd itself assessed
the implementation of
K-12 at a January 2017
conference with
stakeholders including
government officials,
school administrators
and teachers.
Early
Encouragement

27. “We are doing K-12 for ourselves and for
Philippine education. We are doing this to be
able to compete in our own country so that we
can equip our learners with appropriate skills,
creativity, and intelligence to cope with the
changing world,
K-12 Conference in January 2017

28. Among the encouraging news, it found that the
situation in kindergartens had improved, with a more
localised curriculum, the construction of clean, safe
and child-friendly classrooms, and closer
cooperation with the community. Children were
developing a love of reading, while teachers’ skills
had been enhanced via use of technology and the
adoption of more effective teaching strategies.

29. For grades one to six, best practice included a
curriculum more suited to the needs of Christian and
Muslim pupils, closer cooperation with indigenous
communities, the provision of self-paced learning
materials, catch-up programmes at all levels and the
introduction of Learning Action Cell sessions for
teachers’ professional development. DepEd noted
that in schools that had adopted these practices
enrolment rose and the drop-out rate fell. Minority
groups were also more confident, with Muslim
children having the opportunity to learn Arabic.

30. Junior high schools also focused on programmes to
reduce the drop-out rate and nurture continued
learning, including the use of ALS through a virtual
classroom, a basic literacy programme for adults,
and scholarships for adult learners and students with
special needs. Schools reported increased enrolment
and participation, along with rising community
awareness. Teacher competency also improved with
training in new learning strategies focused on real-
world application.

31. In senior high schools, where the full roll-out of
grade 12 is now taking place, DepEd said that the
policy has been largely successful, noting the transfer
of junior high school teachers to fill vacancies, and
improved cooperation both between local and national
government, and with the private sector on the
provision of facilities, including classrooms and
dormitories for pupils living in remote areas. A large
percentage of those enrolled in private schools
received vouchers, with scholarships also available.

32. The new curriculum initially gained
ground in 2011 with the enactment of RA
10157, which made compulsory
kindergarten education for children at
least 5 years old.
With the additional two years in high
school, the K-12 program aims to
prepare students for college, future
employment and entrepreneurship.
College Alignment

33. Unlike the old system, senior high school
has four disciplines—academic,
technical-vocational-livelihood, sports,
and arts and design. Students can choose
from any of the four tracks based on how
they want to do after high school.
College Alignment

34. For those who will pursue higher
education, the SHS curriculum was
aligned with that of the Commission on
Higher Education to ensure that its
graduates are equipped to handle college
work.
The general education curriculum in
college will then have fewer units as
some of the subjects will be taken during
SHS.
College Alignment

35. 2023
Curriculum
Update

36. The goal for a stronger Philippines is
surely at hand if we push to make the
future of our children on the right path.
The Department of Education (DepEd)
launched the “MATATAG” Agenda

37. MAke the curriculum relevant to
produce job-ready, active, and
responsible citizens
TAke steps to accelerate the
delivery of basic education services
and provide facilities.
TAke good care of learners by
promoting learner well-being,
inclusiveness learning, and a positive
learning environment.
Give support to teachers to teach
better.

38. The Department of Education (DepEd)
on , January 30 presented the Basic
Education Report 2023 highlighting the
present current challenges and the sector
priorities of the agency in building a
strong education system. This is part of
the continuous goal of the government to
rebuild and make a stronger nation.

39. To push for reforms in various aspects of the
educational sector, the DepEd together with the strong
leadership of Vice President Sara Duterte has laid down
the agency’s strategic program and projects:
Revision of the K-12
curriculum making it
relevant to produce
competent, job-
ready, active, and
responsible citizens;
Reduce the number
of learning areas
and focus on
foundational skills;
Strengthen the
literacy and
numeracy programs
by revitalizing the
reading, science,
and technology ad
math programs;
Provide
transparent
curriculum guides
to stakeholders;

40. To push for reforms in various aspects of the
educational sector, the DepEd together with the strong
leadership of Vice President Sara Duterte has laid down
the agency’s strategic program and projects:
Collaborate with
researchers and
analysts in making
an evidence-based
policy decision by
providing data on
test results;
Engagement with
CHED and
TESDA and other
relevant agencies to
address skills
mismatch;
Focus on school
Infrastructure and
facilities targeting to
build around 6,000
classrooms in 2023
and establishing fully
functional library
hubs;
Institutionalize
blended learning by
providing “E-classroom
packages” for teaching
and learning that
includes 46 laptops, 2
charging cards,
routers, and smart
TVs;

41. To push for reforms in various aspects of the
educational sector, the DepEd together with the strong
leadership of Vice President Sara Duterte has laid down
the agency’s strategic program and projects:
Establishment of a
National Education
Portal (NEP) to cut
down manual
processes;
Strengthen mental
health services in
schools; and
Provide assessments
and assistive
mechanisms and
establish more
inclusive learning
centers for students
with special needs.

42. As the Department of Education (DepEd) moves forward
with a strategic road map to a stronger education in
the Philippines, it has prioritized actions to ensure the
welfare and development of teachers and school
personnel:
Expansion of
GASTPE coverage
for teachers;
Provision of
scholarship
graduate programs
for teachers;
Removal of
administrative tasks
to teachers;

43. As the Department of Education (DepEd) moves forward
with a strategic road map to a stronger education in
the Philippines, it has prioritized actions to ensure the
welfare and development of teachers and school
personnel:
Expansion of Special
Hardship Allowance
(SPA);
Request for an
improved GSIS
benefit package for
school personnel;
and
Provision of free
legal assistance
facility for teachers
concerning loan
contracts and cases.

44. “We know that the road will be bumpy, but
our direction is clear. We will overcome.
Tayo po ay magiging MATATAG. Tungo sa
isang Bansang Makabata at Batang
Makabansa.”

45. As part of the Department of Education’s
(DepEd) commitment articulated in the
MATATAG Agenda, DepEd invites the
public or interested stakeholders to review
and provide feedback on the draft Shaping
Papers and revised Curriculum Guides for
Kindergarten to Grade 10. The review is open
until May 3, 2023.
Curriculum revision

46. References
Department of Education Philippines. (2012). Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program. Retrieved from
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2012/05/22/enhanced-k-12-basic-education-program/
Department of Education Philippines. (2016). Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of the Senior High School
Program in the K-12 Basic Education Curriculum. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2016/02/Policy-Guidelines-on-the-Implementation-of-the-Senior-High-School-Program-in-the-K-12-
Basic-Education-Curriculum.pdf
Department of Education Philippines. (2017). Policy Guidelines on Daily Lesson Preparation for the K to 12 Basic
Education Program. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/2017/04/21/policy-guidelines-on-daily-lesson-
preparation-for-the-k-to-12-basic-education-program/
Department of Education Philippines. (2019). DepEd Order No. 2, s. 2019: Basic Education Enrollment Policy.
Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/2019/01/08/deped-order-no-2-s-2019-basic-education-enrollment-policy/
Department of Education Philippines. (2020). DepEd Order No. 013, s. 2020: Guidelines on the Conduct of Remedial,
Advancement, and Enrichment Classes During Summer for K to 12 Basic Education Program. Retrieved from
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/04/02/deped-order-no-013-s-2020-guidelines-on-the-conduct-of-remedial-
advancement-and-enrichment-classes-during-summer-for-k-to-12-basic-education-program/
Department of Education Philippines. (2020). DepEd Order No. 016, s. 2020: Amendment to DepEd Order No. 007, s.
2020 (School Calendar and Activities for School Year 2020-2021). Retrieved from
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/05/11/deped-order-no-016-s-2020-amendment-to-deped-order-no-007-s-2020-school-
calendar-and-activities-for-school-year-2020-2021/
Department of Education Philippines. (2020). DepEd Order No. 032, s. 2020: Revised Guidelines on Alternative Work
Arrangements in the Department of Education During the Period of State of National Emergency Due to COVID-19
Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/06/11/deped-order-no-032-s-2020-revised-guidelines-on-
alternative-work-arrangements-in-the-department-of-education-during-the-period-of-state-of-national-emergency-due-
to-covid-19-pandemic/
Department of Education Philippines. (2021). DepEd Order No. 012, s. 2021: Policy Guidelines on the Implementation
of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for School Year 2021-2022 in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/2021/02/17/deped-order-no-012-s-2021-policy-guidelines-on-the-
implementation-of-the-basic-education-learning-continuity-plan-for-school-year-2021-2022-in-light-of-the-covid-19-
pandemic/

47. References
Gorospe, M. B. (2019). K-12 education program: An assessment. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,
7(1), 1-7.
Noel, M. (2017). The Philippine K-12 Program: A Brief Overview. International Journal of Social Sciences and
Humanities Research, 5(1), 17-24.
Philippine Daily Inquirer. (2018, May 24). What went before: The K-12 program. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/980733/what-went-before-the-k-12-program
Oxford Business Group. (2017). A thorough examination: Substantial reform has brought with it a variety of challenges.
Philippines 2017 Report. Retrieved from https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/philippines/2017-report/economy/a-
thorough-examination-substantial-reform-has-brought-with-it-a-variety-of-challenges?
fbclid=IwAR3ylaXl31pS71bL1H4ktkmNSGRtiizxJXSde-qKMFe01j7ZeHhYhDINMKM
Philippine Information Agency. (2023, February 1). "MATATAG": A stronger education for the nation. Retrieved from
https://pia.gov.ph/news/2023/02/01/matatag-a-stronger-education-for-the-
nation#:~:text=The%20Department%20of%20Education%20(DepEd)%20launched%20the%20%E2%80%9CMATATA
G%E2%80%9D,education%20services%20and%20provide%20facilities.

48. Thank You!