Indo-Greek coins were produced from 300 BCE to 100 BCE in areas now encompassing Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Two important Indo-Greek kings discussed are Eucratides I, who ruled from 171-145 BCE, and Menander I, who ruled from 165/155-130 BCE. Indo-Greek kings are primarily known through their coinage, which provides important historical information about the rulers and their territories. Eucratides I produced both Bactrian and Indo-Greek coins in various metals and denominations to commemorate his conquests in modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India.

1. Indo Greek Coins
(300 BCE- 100 BCE)
EUCRATIDIES- I
(171–145 BCE)
MENANDER - I
(165/155–130 BCE)
“Indo-Greek kings are only known
by their coins”
Sachin Kr. Tiwary

2. Indo-Greek
Coins
Location
Afghanistan,
Pakistan, India
Date
200 BCE to
100 CE
Material
Gold, Silver,
Copper,
Bronze &
Nickel etc.Purpose
Commemo-
ration,
Trade
Shape
Round to
Square
Measurement
Various
How many
Rulers
Total 40
Types
On the basis of
Metal & Size
Languages
Greek & Prakrit
Weight
Vary-Based on
Metal
Scripts
Greek, Brahmi &
Kharoshthi
POINT TO BE DISCUSS
Technique
Die-struck with
Precision

3. Books

4. Indo-
Greek
Coins Can
explain
Contemporary
Flora
Contemporary
Fauna
Important
Symbols
Religious-
Secular
Technical
Advancement
Trade
Territory of an
Empire
Trade Relation
Internal &
External
Paleographical
Development
Variety of
Weapons
Contemporary
Dresses
Iconic forms
of God-
Goddess
Historical Background
• Also known as Yavanarajya (Kingdom of Yavanas) &
Graeco-Indian.
• The Indo-Greek coins are a very important source of
ancient Indian history.
• The term “Indo-Greek” is generally used because
these kingdoms were almost always separated from
Bactria & thus differed politically from the Greco-
Bactrian kingdom.
• Their rule extended over:
• Vast part of central Asia,
• North western South Asia,
• Modern areas of Afghanistan,
• North western part of Pakistan,
• Indian provinces of Kashmir & Punjab.
• There were several dynasties & over 40 rulers of the
Indo-Greek lineage who ruled over this extended
time period.
• And surprisingly the main sources of information
about the rule of these numerous kings is the
numismatic evidence.

5. PoliticalMapoftheIndo-GreekMovements Historical Background
• South Asia, & more precisely the modern state of
India has experienced the incursion of several
tribes throughout its history.
• Many of the famous military generals of the world
had made their mark in the territories of South
Asia.
• The Alexander also attacked in year 326 BCE
north western India & establishing several Greek
colonies albeit without much success.
• He left some of his military generals & soldiers to
occupy & rule his Indian & Central Asian
conquests.
• Later on these Greek generals came to be known
as Indo-Greeks in the history.
• They ruled roughly during the period between
mid-300 BCE, when Diodotus I established an
independent kingdom, to early 100 BCE when
they were overwhelmed by the Parthians & the
Shakas.

6. Historical Background
• These kingdoms, in which there were already some Greek settlers called Yavanas or Yona
(They are referred to as a community in Indian texts & history under western countries along
with Sindhu, Madra, Kekeya, Gandhara & Kamboja as per the descriptions in the epic
Mahabharata) became truly unique political entities with a mix of Greek & Indian culture, at
least for the ruling elites.
• The dating of Indo-Greek kingdoms is very approximate.
• These kingdoms extended to Western Punjab & had Indians of Sunga dynasty as their
neighbors.

7. Coinage History of Indo-Greeks
• The Indo-Greek coins inaugurated a new
phase in the history of South Asian coinage.
• These coins carried elaborate details about
their issuing authority:
• The name,
• The issuing year of the coin &
• A portrait of the reigning monarch was
die-struck with precision.
• They were struck according to Attic weight
standard.
• The obverse of the coins carried the
portrait of the issuing monarch.
• The reverse of the coin was marked by the
depiction of Greek Gods & Goddesses.
• The name of the monarch & his royal titles
were also mentioned in the obverse &
reverse in Greek.
Silver
Brass
Gold
Bullion
Lead
Bronze
Copper
Nickel
Metal Used for Making Coins

8. Purpose-
Memorial Coins- In the
memorial coinage of
Agathokles (where on the
obverse the King is
commemorated & on the
reverse is Agathokles
himself), posthumous
titles are added to kings.
Meaning of Title-
Theos - “The God”
Sotar- “Saviour” etc.
Co-Opted System- It is
believe that though the
number of ruler were
less but the issuance of
coins are large, it means
they were ruled small
region wise at the same
time with many other of
the same dynasty.
Silver
Indo-Greeks Coin

9. Coinage History of Indo-Greeks- An Introduction
• The coins which were circulated in the south of the Hindu Kush bear a more Indian touch.
Biggest Hoard of Indo-Greek Coins
• Afghanistan-
1. Mir Zakah hoard of Gardez, Total- 13,083 coins (2,757 Indo-Greek coins)
2. Khisht Tepe Hoard near Qunduz, coins found during excavations at the city of Ai-
Khanoum (Out of 42 Indo-Greek kings who ruled, about 34 kings are known only
through their coins).
Indo-Greek coins & Indian culture
• A sort of cultural & religious fusion between India & Greece can be traced from these coins.
• These type of coins also carried bilingual & bi-script inscriptions using the Greek & Prakrit
languages; & Greek & Kharoshthi or Brahmi scripts.
• The representation of Indian religious figures & symbols in the Indo-Greek coins has a
greater significance for the cultural history of South Asia.
• The last Indo-Greek king Strato II ended his rule circa 10 BCE, defeated by the Indo-Saka
king Rajuvula.
• The Indo-Greek Kingdoms have strongly influenced their Indian subjects & Indian or nomad
neighbors, as the nature of Indian art from the period suggests, along with the mention of
the Yonas in Ashoka's Edicts.

10. Influence of Indo-Greek Coin over Indian Coins
• The high standard of coinage set by the Indo-Greeks worked as a model for several other Indian dynasties for a
very long period of time.
• The silver coins of tribal states of Northern India Viz. Audarnbaras, Kunindas, Vaimakas, Yaudhyas" weighing 20
rattis (36 grains) definitely have followed the Hemi drachm weight standard (20 rattis) of Indo Greeks.
• Few coins of Hagamasa & Raijuvala are probably hemi obules (65-67 grains) & quarter obules (36-38 grains)
highly debased with lead & closely resemble to the later issues of Indo-Greeks.
• It suggests that the central Indian city states probably followed the ancient Karsapana weight standards of Kakim
(36 to 38 grains) & also the weight standards of Indo Greeks, the then prevalent of their silver Hemi obules (63 to
68 grains) & obules (136 grains).
• The silver coins of Indo-Greeks were of the various denominations viz. Drachm (66 grains), Tetradrachm (264
grains i.e. 4 Drachms x 66=264 grains), Bbules (1/6 of Drachm=66/6=l 1 grains) & Hemi Drachm (1/2 of
drachm=66/2=33 grains). They were universally followed by almost all tribal states in India“.
• The copper unit of Indo-Greeks was known as 'Chalkon' which was approximately equal to a drachm i.e. between
67 grains & 70 grains. The Indo-Greek copper coins seem to have been raised to Indian standard by making the
Greek Chalkon equal to half an Indian Pana.

11. EUCRATIDIES-I
(171–145 BCE)
• Eucratides I was one of the most important Greco-
Bactrian kings, descendants of dignitaries of Alexander the
Great.
• He uprooted the Euthydemid dynasty of Greco-Bactrian
kings & replaced it with his own lineage.
• He fought against the Indo-Greek kings, the easternmost
Hellenistic rulers in northwestern India, temporarily holding
territory as far as the Indus, until he was finally defeated &
pushed back to Bactria.
• Eucratides had a vast & prestigious coinage, suggesting a
rule of considerable importance.
• Eucratides I (meaning the Great) is one of the few Greek
kings in India about whom we know something from
literary sources.
• The 200 CE Roman historian Justin described him as a great
man, who commenced his rule around the same time as
Mithridates in Parthia (171 BCE).
• Eucratides was almost certainly a scion of the Seleucid royal
house, who attempted to "re-claim" the throne of the
Bactrian kingdom.

12. Types of
Eucratides I
Coins-
1. Bactrian (02
types) &
2. Indo-Greek
(06 types)
Monolingual
Coinage
Bactrian Coins
Pedigree
Issues
Bactrian
Coins
Bilingual
Issues
Indo-Greek
Silver
tetradrachm
Silver drachm Silver
hemidrachm
Silver obol Gold 20-stater Silver drachm
Silver hemi-
obol
Bronze double
Bronze
quadruple
Bronze octuple
Bronze single
Unit
Silver
tetradrachm

13. RARE COIN
• One of the most famous ancient coins, the massive gold 20-stater of Eucratides, now in the collection of the
National Library in Paris, was surely also the largest gold coin minted in antiquity.
• It may well have been a victory medal to celebrate Eucratides's conquest of "India," presumably some land south
of the Hindu Kush, perhaps Gandhara.
• An interesting thing about this particular coin pointed out by Osmund Bopearachchi is that, although the reverse
legend is inscribed with the first two words in a circular pattern, it is clear that the legend had originally been
inscribed in a horizontal arrangement.
• Its diameter 58 mm & Weight: 169.2 gm. is almost three times the diameter of the stater (20 mm).
Monolingual Coinage
Bactrian Coins
Small Size Gold- Weight: 8.47 gm. Diam: 20
mm
Similar to Gold- Silver- Weight: 16.97 gm., Diam: 32 mm.

14. • His "Pedigree" coins show his parents, Heliocles &
Laodice, but only his mother Laodice wears a diadem,
indicating that she was of royal blood.
• Eucratides must have defeated several Greek kings in
India, including possibly Agathocles, Antimachus I,
Demetrius II, Apollodotus I & Antimachus II.
• It is likely that the Greek kingdom in Bactria & India had
fractured & Eucratides may have re-united it, thereby
earning him the moniker "the Great." Justin names
only one king who opposed Eucratides, Demetrius of
India.
• This was possibly Demetrius II, although opinion is
divided on this issue.
• Eucratides was the last Greek king to rule at Ai-
Khanoum, which was overrun most probably by the
Yuezhi, the tribes that later coalesced into the
Kushans. (NEXT TOPIC KUSHAN COINS WILL START FROM HERE)
Bilingual
Issues
Indo-Greek
Silver
drachm
AE Unit
AE 16-
Units
AE
Quadruple
AE Single
Unit
AE Double
Though, Eucratides issued both Bactrian &
Indo-Greek Coins but as per the demand of
syllabus we will read only the Indo-Greek
Coins issued by him. The above Cycle is
based on his types of Indo-Greek Coins
issued by him.

15. Silver drachm (Indian standard)
Weight: 1.50 gm., Diam: 16 mm, Die axis: 12 h
Obverse- Helmeted & diademed bust of king facing right, bead &
reel border around, the helmet plumed & decorated with the ear
& horn of a bull,Greek legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY
EYKPATIΔOY (of Great King Eucratides)
Reverse-Dioscuri standing facing, nude, holding spears & palms,
Kharoshthi legend: rajasa mahatakasa / evukratidasa (of Great
King Eucratides)
Description- The difference between coins that are classified as
"Bactrian" or "Greco-Bactrian" on the one hand, & "Indo-Greek" on
the other, is that the legends on the Bactrian coins are in Greek only,
while the Indo-Greek coins have legends in both Greek & an Indian
script, normally Kharoshthi, although occasionally in Brahmi. The
Bactrian coins were issued in Bactria only, north of the Hindu Kush
mountains, while the Indo-Greek coins were issued south of the
Hindu Kush. This & the other Indo-Greek coins issued by Eucratides
demonstrate that he had an extensive kingdom in Gandhara in
addition to his Bactrian domains.
Almost all of the known Indo-Greek style coinage
of Eucratides is in copper or bronze; the silver
coins such as this one are very rare. This must have
been a very early issue, as some of this type is
round in shape, just like the Bactrian issues.
However, it appears the Indians had a preference
for rectangular coins, like the Mauryan coins to
which they were accustomed & the next coin is an
attempt to satisfy this preference.

16. AE Unit
Weight: 2.27 gm., Dim: 16 x 14 mm, Die axis: 12 h
Obverse- Bare-headed, diademed bust of king facing right, Greek legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY
EYKPATIΔOY (of Great King Eucratides)
Reverse- Caps & palms of the Dioscuri, Kharoshthi legend: maharajasa / evukratidasa (of King Eucratides)
Description- These coins, which are quite scarce, are a bit of a surprise, as they indicate that Eucratides
conquered territory south of the Hindu Kush & issued coins there before he introduced his helmeted
type. Thus his successes south of the Hindu Kush came relatively early in his reign.

17. AE 16-Units
Weight: 28.51 gm., Diam: na, Die axis: 12 h
Obverse- Helmeted & diademed bust of king facing right, Greek legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY
EYKPATIΔOY (of Great King Eucratides)
Reverse- Dioscuri mounted on horses prancing right, holding spears & palms, Kharoshthi legend:
maharajasa / evukratidasa (of King Eucratides)
Description- It is interesting to note that on none of his bilingual bronze coinage does Eucratides
translate the Greek MEΓAΛOY (Great) into the Prakrit legend on the reverse. The silver coins did carry the
word mahatakasa but this was omitted on all the base metal coinage.

18. AE Quadruple
AE Double
AE Single Unit
AE Double

19. AE Double
Weight: 4.02 gm., Dim: 18 x 17 mm, Die axis: 12 h
Obverse- Helmeted & diademed bust of king facing right, Greek legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY
EYKPATIΔOY (of Great King Eucratides)
Reverse- Winged Nike standing left, holding wreath & palm, Kharoshthi legend: maharajasa / rajatirajasa /
evukratidasa (of King Eucratides, King of Kings)
Description- On this coin, a new type with Nike on the reverse, there is an additional word on the reverse,
but it is not the expected mahatakasa, but instead the word rajatirajasa, or "king of kings." The Greek for
this would have been BAΣIΛEΩN, but this is not present on the obverse.

20. AE Double
Weight: 4.69 gm., Dim: 17 x 18 mm, Die axis: 12 h
Obverse- Helmeted & diademed bust of king facing right, Greek legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY EYKPATIΔOY (of Great
King Eucratides)
Reverse- City Goddess of Kapisa enthroned, holding palm, forepart of elephant at left, mountain at right, Kharoshthi
legend: kavisiye nagara devata (deity of Kapisa City)
Description- A very interesting coin, featuring the City Goddess of Kapisa, who is identified as such by the reverse
legend. On almost the entire Indo-Greek series, the reverse legend is a faithful translation of the obverse Greek
legend, but this coin is a radical departure from that pattern.

21. MENANDER-I
(165/155–130 BCE)
• Menander also known as Menander I Soter, was an Indo-
Greek King, who ruled in northwestern India during the Mid-
200 BCE.
• Menander was quite popular among his subjects, according to
the accounts of several contemporary chroniclers, including
Plutarch.
• His reign saw the growing trade between India & Europe via
the western Asia. In order to facilitate commerce, Menander
issued a large number of coins.
• King Menander is the most famous of the Indo-Greek Kings:
1. He was patronage of Buddhism, which has been recorded in
the various Buddhist religious books like-
Milindapanha, which is actually a conversation between King
Menander & the Buddhist sage Nagasena about different
philosophical problems.
2. His coins which are found in large numbers in various parts of
northern & western India.
3. Menander was also influenced by the Indian tradition &
included the Indian cultural & social elements in his coins.
4. The coins of Menander are a rich source of Indian socio-
economic as well as political history.

22. Types of
MENANDER-I
Coins
Attic
Standard
Coins
Indian
Standard
Silver
Coins
Bronze
Coins
(Indian
Standard)
Bronze
Single Unit
Bronze
Half Unit
Bronze
Quadruple
1. Attic Standard Coins,
2. Indian Standard Silver Coins,
3. Bronze Coins (Indian Standard)
Broadly Divided

23. COINS OF MENANDER
• The number of Menander’s coins found was greater than any
other Indo-Greek rulers.
• These coins were struck in the well established Indo-Greek
fashion, with elaborate details.
METAL-Silver, Bronze, Gold
• Legends in both Greek & Kharoshthi- ‘Maharaja Tratarasa
Menadrasa’.
DEPICTION- (GOD-GODDESS & KING)
• Earlier silver coins - Goddess Athena (obverse) & Owl (reverse).
• Later silver coins Portrait of the King (obverse) & Goddess
Athena Alkidemos throwing a thunderbolt (reverse).
• After this, Athena Alkidemos became the royal standard emblem
of several other Indo-Greek Kings & rulers.
• Another series of Menander’s coins were struck in Attic weight
standard, Portrait of King Menander wearing a helmet &
depicting him as throwing a spear (obverse) & Goddess Athena
(reverse).
• Bronze coins were of relatively inferior value, Images of several
deities from both the Greek & the Indian pantheons.
• Legends- ‘Of King Menander, the Saviour’.

24. DRACHMS-
• The silver coins of Menander were known as Drachms. It is
believed that the ward Daam is derived from the word
Drachms.
WEIGHT-
• Silver coins of early times- Very light weight, 01 gram to a
little less than 02.5 gram.
• Silver coins of later times- Weighed 13.03 gram each.
GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT OF THE COINS-
• Modern day Afghanistan, Indian state of Kashmir, Punjab, &
Gujarat.
• Even centuries after the end of Menander’s reign, his coins
were in much use among the traders of Gujarat.
• This is evident from the narrative of the ancient text,
‘Periplus of the Erythraean Sea’, where it is stated that
Menander's coins were largely used in the trading
activities by the traders coming from different regions in
the great port of Barigaza, situated in the Gujarat coast.

25. Attic Standard Coins
Menander I, Silver tetradrachm
Weight: 13.28 gm.
Diameter: 32 mm
Die axis: 12 o'clock
Description-
Obverse- Bare-headed, diademed bust of king right, bead & reel border around:
Reverse- Athena Alkidemos standing left, holding shield, on outstretched left arm, hurling thunderbolt
with right hand, monogram at left,
Greek legend at right & left:
BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ / MENANΔPOY
(Basileos Soteros Menandrou ...
of King Menander, the Savior)

26. • As mentioned above, the Attic weight coins
of Menander are extremely rare, even in the
poor condition of this coin, suggesting that
they were only ceremonial issues.
• Bopearachchi has speculated that they signify
an expansion of Menander's kingdom to
Bactria after the death of Eucratides I in c.145
BCE, but their extreme rarity, & the fact that
no lower denominations are known, suggests
that they were never regular issues.
• Other Indo-Greek kings who ruled only south
of the Hindu Kush also issued rare Attic
weight tetradrachms.
• Nevertheless, it seems quite clear that these
Attic weight coins were issued well into
Menander's reign, as the representation of
Athena on these coins matches the one on
the mature phase of Menander's "Indian"
coinage.
Menander I, Silver tetradrachm
Weight: 13.03 gm.
Obverse- Helmeted bust of king left, seen from
behind, holding spear in right hand, bead border
around,
Reverse- Athena Alkidemos standing left, holding
horizontal shield on outstretched left arm,
hurling thunderbolt with right hand,
Monogram at right.
Attic Standard Coins

27. Indian Standard Silver Coins
Weight: 1.05 gm. Diameter: 15 mm Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Helmeted bust of Athena right, continuous
Reverse- Owl standing three-quarters right, monogram at right,
Obverse-
Greek legend
around:
BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ
MENANΔPOY
Reverse-
Kharoshthi legend
around:
maharajasa
tratarasa
menamdrasa
Obverse Reverse

28. Indian Standard Silver Coins
Weight: 9.79 gm. Diameter: 25 mm Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Diademed, bare-headed bust of king right,
Greek legend around: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ / MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Athena Alkidemos standing left, holding horizontal shield on outstretched left arm, hurling
thunderbolt with right hand, monograms at left & right,
Kharoshthi legend around: maharajasa tratarasa / menamdrasa

29. Bronze Coins (Indian Standard)
Weight: 9.40 gm. Dimensions: 24 x 22 mm
Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Helmeted bust of Athena right, Greek
legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΣΩTHPOΣ /
MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Round shield with Gorgon head in
center, monogram at left, Kharoshthi legend
above & below: maharajasa tratarasa /
menamdrasa
All of Menander's wide array of bronze types is
in the rectangular format apparently favored
south of the Hindu Kush mountains. There
seems to have been a period of
experimentation initially as to the disposition of
the legends. On this coin, the Greek legend on
the obverse starts at the top, then goes to the
left, & then to the bottom. The Kharoshthi
legend is in two lines, top & bottom.

30. Bronze Coins (Indian Standard)
Weight: 5.76 gm. Dimensions: 21 x 20 mm Die axis:
12h
Obverse- Helmeted bust of Athena right, Greek
legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ
MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Athena Alkidemos standing left, holding
horizontal shield on outstretched left arm, hurling
thunderbolt with right hand, Monogram at right,
Kharoshthi legend on three sides: maharajasa
tratarasa menamdrasa
Weight: 40.63 gm. Dimensions: 29 x 25 mm
(LARGEST COIN ISSUED BY MENANDER) Dieaxis: 12h
Obverse- Helmeted bust of Athena right, Greek
legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ
MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Horse prancing right, monogram at
right, Kharoshthi legend on three sides: maharajasa
tratarasa menamdrasa

31. Weight: 11.41 gm. Dimensions: 24 x 24 mm
Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Elephant walking left, Greek legend on three sides:
BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Elephant goad, Δ at left, monogram at right,Kharoshthi
legend on three sides: maharajasa tratarasa menamdrasa
• This, & the next few coins, are most interesting because they
carry some extra letters: Δ (Greek delta) on this one & B
(Greek beta) & A (Greek alpha) on subsequent ones.
• Bopearachchi argues that these letters represent the
denominations:
I. A for a single unit,
II. B for a double unit,
III. Δ for a quadruple unit.
• The weights of the coins match this theory, & A, B & Δ are
the first, second & fourth letters in the Greek alphabet.
• If the theory is true, it is a rare (the only?) instance of coins
carrying stated denominations among all ancient Indian
coins.
Bronze Coins (Indian Standard)
Obverse
Reverse

32. Bronze Single Unit
Weight: 1.97 gm. Dimensions: 14 x 14 mm
Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Elephant head three-quarters
right, Greek legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ
ΣΩTHPOΣ MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Club, monogram at left, A at
right, Kharoshthi legend on three
sides: maharajasa tratarasa menamdrasa
Weight: 19.98 gm. Dimensions: 23 x 24 mm
Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Head of bull facing, Greek legend
on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ
MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Tripod, monogram at left,
Kharoshthi legend on three
sides: maharajasa tratarasa menamdrasa

33. Bronze Quadruple
Weight: 8.38 gm. Dimensions: 22 x 22 mm Die
axis: 12h
Obverse- Head of Hercules right, Greek
legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ
MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Lion skin, monogram at right, Γ at
left, Kharoshthi legend on three
sides: maharajasa tratarasa menamdrasa
Weight: 10.18 gm. Dimensions: 20 x 20 mm
Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Head of boar right,
Greek legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ
ΣΩTHPOΣ MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Palm branch, monogram at left,
Kharoshthi legend on three sides: maharajasa
tratarasa menamdrasa

34. Bronze Half Unit
Weight: 1.57 gm. Dimensions: 12 x 12 mm
Die axis: 12h
Obverse- Eight-spoke
wheel (dharmachakra),
Greek legend on three sides: BAΣIΛEΩΣ
ΣΩTHPOΣ MENANΔPOY
Reverse- Palm branch, monogram at right,
Kharoshthi legend on three
sides: maharajasa tratarasa menamdrasa
Only one specimen of this coin is known;
it resides in the British Museum. This type
is the only coin of Menander that has an
explicit Buddhist theme. Because of this
only on specimens there are some
scholar who is not in believe of Buddhism
adopted by Menander. Though we have
Milinda-panho litrature. http://coinindia.com/galleries-menander.html

35. Sources-
• https://ar.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowle
dge-bank-
article/vol_II%20silk%20road_the%20greek%20kingdoms
%20of%20central%20asia.pdf
• https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/1120
17/8/08_chapter%201.pdf
• https://www.forumancientcoins.com/dannyjones/British
%20Museum%20Books/Catalog%20of%20Coins%20in%20
the%20British%20Museum%20-
%20Greek%20and%20Scythic%20Kings%20of%20Bactria
%20and%20India.pdf
• https://uh-
ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10657/2671/ALEXANDER-
THESIS-2017.pdf?sequence=1
• http://orientalnumismaticsociety.org/JONS/Files/14.pdf
• NOTES ON INDO-GREEK NUMISMATICS by R. B.
Whitehead, The Numismatic Chronicle & Journal of the
Royal Numismatic Society, Fifth Series, Vol. 3 (1923), pp.
294-343
• http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/indo-greek-dynasty
• Photographs are taken - http://coinindia.com/home.html Thank you