The PPP is made for the students of PG not for my API.
Dont confuse with the Slide no. 08 picture is not the image of Prgyaparmita.... It is the image of Chunda. It is just for your understanding about similarities of an icons.
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
Lalitankura-Pallava-Griham is one of the two cave temples situated in the Rockfort complex in Tiruchirappalii, the other being a Pandya Cave shrine. Excavated in the early 7th century by Mahendra Pallava has a beautiful Gangadhara relief. The sculpture as well as the 8-stanza poetry has teasing double meaning, bringing out the multi-facetted personality of the king.
Lalitankura-Pallava-Griham is one of the two cave temples situated in the Rockfort complex in Tiruchirappalii, the other being a Pandya Cave shrine. Excavated in the early 7th century by Mahendra Pallava has a beautiful Gangadhara relief. The sculpture as well as the 8-stanza poetry has teasing double meaning, bringing out the multi-facetted personality of the king.
Dr. S. Sundarabalu
Visiting Professor ,ICCR’s Tamil Chair
Institute of Oriental Studies, Dept. of Indology
Jagiellonian University, Krakow-Poland
sunder_balu@yahoo.co.in
India-9715769995
The monuments contain famous Jaina paintings and isncriptions in Tamil from 2nd century BCA Presentation by Prof. Subramanian Swaminathan on the paintings of Sittanavasal
A presentation at workshop on'Integrating Spirituality and Mathematics' in INDIA MATHEMATICS YEAR 2009 jointly sponsered by FMS,DU and DRDOa powerpoint presentation ( NB :due credit and acknowledgements to material drawn from search engine and web resources)The edited concept of ppt. attempts to see 'Sri Yantra-a as DNA of Life'.The presentation tries to unveil the mystical and mathematical relationship of Sacred Geometry with LIFE ! Desire, (K)nowledge and Action make basis of life !
Kolaramma temple in Kolar dates back to the early centuries of Christian era. Though the exact date has been obliterated in the dark age of history, it is a product of ganga devotion, the clan that ruled this part of the country in 6th, 7th and 8th centuries. In the beginning they ruled from Kuvalala-(The present name is Kolar). They shifted their capital to Talakadu of Mysore country and then moved to the northern parts of Andhra Pradesh; when they were overrun by Cholas in 9th and 10th centuries. The early temples sprouted in these parts amply illustrate the unique Ganga style of art and architecture. - See more at:
The Great Penance is an achievement in relief sculpturing. This along with the Govardhana composition would rank among the best in the world. Not only the Pallavas were the pioneer in this genre of art, it is only in Mamallapuram one can see open-are bas-rieifs, and there are five them.
A presentation by Prof.Subramanian Swaminathan
DUJ 2017 PrepTalk - Udayagiri and Khandagiri - Badri Seshadritamilheritagetrust
From this presentation, we will have the opportunity to study monuments of Buddhist, Jain and Hindu traditions. The Jain rock-cut shelters at Udayagiri and Khandagiri, just outside Bhubaneswar, command a unique position in eastern India in terms of history, rock-cut architecture and religion. The inscriptions on the walls of these shelters furnish evidence of the existence of the Chedi dynasty around the first Century BCE, proclaiming the achievements of their most famous king, Kharavela. Architecturally, these caves (gumphas) differ in significant ways from Buddhist caves of the same period. The art includes friezes on facades, decorative elements on pillars, and narrative reliefs on the walls. Badri's presentation gives us more than a glimpse of this important site.
Badri is a co-founder and Managing Director of New Horizon Media, a leading publishing house in Chennai. He was also the co-founder of Cricinfo. He is an Engineer from IIT-Madras and has a PhD from Cornell University. He blogs at http://www.badriseshadri.in/ and is a regular on television panel / talk shows on a wide range of subjects, as a public intellectual. The Tamil Heritage Trust which he co-founded is his chosen route to pursue his passion for the rich heritage of India and Tamil Nadu.
Module 2, L2 Indian Tradition Culture and Society.pptxAmitTiwari52430
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon found in crude oil, natural gas, and coal. Hydrocarbons are highly combustible and the main energy source of the world. Its uses consist of gasoline, jet fuel, propane, kerosene, and diesel, to name just a few.
The PPP is for the students of UG & PG not for my API and not even for the commercial purpose.
The *slide 50* of this PPP is wrongly typed the name *Samudragupta instead of Chandragupta II*. so kindly correct in your notes.
The PPP presentation is based on the architecture and art of Brihadeshwara temple of Chola period. It has basic introduction of the region. This is for tthe students of UG and PG not for API.
The PPP is on Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Kahjuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India for the students of UG on its architecture and art with its historical background.
The slide is not for my API, It is for the students. .
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Introduction
• From the first production of the mind of Bodhi, the Bodhisattvas seek the
knowledge of all the aspects (sarvākārajñāna), in the course of which they
understand the true nature of dharmas: this wisdom is
the prajñāpāramitā”.
• Prajñāpāramitā is a central concept in Mahayana Buddhism and is
generally associated with the doctrine of emptiness (Shunyata) or 'lack
of Svabhava' (essence) and the works of Nagarjuna.
• The earliest Sutra in the Prajñāpāramitā class to be the Astasaahasrikaa
Prajñāpāramitā Sutra or “Perfection of Wisdom in 8,000 lines”, which was
probably put in writing in the 100 BCE according to Edward Conze.
• The text survives in the Sanskrit original and in translations: into Chinese
(six translations and two comment; extant), Tibetan, Mongol, and
Khotanese.
• The first translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā into Chinese
occurred in the 2nd century CE.
• Prajnaparamita shown in many forms :Praying mudra gesture and instead
of the Vajra she holds a mala or rosary.
5. Philosophy
• She is believed to be the personification of ‘transcendental knowledge embodied in the
Prajñāpāramitā -Sutra. a famous Mahayana Buddhist scripture.
• It is said to have been restored to mankind by Nigarjuna from the Nagas, to whom, it is
believed, the sutra was entrusted by the Buddha himself to guard until mankind was
sufficiently enlightened to receive and understand its ’transcendent wisdom’.
• This, no doubt, is a very logical analysis of how the metaphysical concept of the
’transcendental wisdom could have possibly been transformed into an iconic concept.
• But the origin of the goddess-concept of Prajnaparamita can also be traced from
another point of view.
Region Northern India
Date
Range
1100 - 1199
Lineages Buddhist
Collection Guimet Musee
National
6. Philosophy
• We know that in the Hinayana, the three Buddhist jewels (ratna or sarena),viz., Buddha,
Prajñā, and Sangha, were represented by uniconic symbols.
• In Mahayana, the trinity or the three jewels became prajñā. Upaya. Bodhisattva, i.e, the
spiritualised forms of Dhaima, Buddha and Sangha respectively transferred to stone or
canvas, Prajñā becomes a female deity, Upava and Bodhisattva become male deities.
• In (The manuscripts of the Astasahasrika- prajñāpāramitā, there is a miniature painting
with the accompanying inscription : 'pundravardhane trisaranah,i.e., Irisarana (Buddhist
Trinity or three jewels) in Pundravardhana (roughly north Bengal).
• Tara vs Prajñāpāramitā- In an eleventh century Canarese inscription, it is stated that
Tara ’sprang from the ocean of gnosis, she is known as Prajñā, and that she is the
supreme incarnation of enlightenment.
• According to Dasabhumikasutra forms of Prajñāpāramitā are total 10.
Tibet, Date-1200 - 1299
7. Origin
• Antiquity of Prajñāpāramitā- 100 CE.
• The discovery of several images , in sculpture and painting, of the goddess
Prajnaparamita from different places of Bengal and Bihar also testifies to the
popularity of the goddess in these centres of eastern India.
• The prevalence of the worship of the goddess Prajnaparamita in Mathura
region in the fourth century CE, is no doubt referred to by the Chinese pilgrim
Fa-Hien; but this particular reference cannot be taken as any pointer to the
land of origin of the image-concept of the goddess Prajnaparamita.
Book Cover, Tibet, Date-1100 - 1199
8. Iconography
Description are in the
Sadhanamala and the
Nispannavogavali literature.
Others Ekallavira-Canda-
Maharosana-Tantra and the
Dharmakosa-Samgraha of
Amrtananda are also important.
The four-handed form of
Prajnaparamita contained in the
Ekallavira-Canda-Maharosana-
Tantra.
The four-handed form of
Prajnaparamita contained in the
Nispannayogavali.
It is not very difficult to recognize
some multi-handed images as
those of Prajnaparamita because
of the presence in them of some
typical iconographic
characteristics of Prajnaparamita.
National Museum, New Delhi
9. Iconography
In respect of colour the two-handed images of Prajnaparamita may be divided into
three basic types:
(i) the white (sukla or sita),
(ii) the yellow (pita, kanaka, or suvarna),
(iii) the blue (nila).
This type is recognized only in the Ekallavira-Canda-Maharosana-Tantra.
She has one face.
She has curly black hair.
She has all sorts of ornaments
and half-curly hair.
She sits on a white lotus in the
vairaparyanka attitude.
She carries in the right hand
the red lotus, and in the left
hand the Prajnaparamita-
Book.
She is stamped with (the
image of) Aksobhya (on the
crown).
She originates from the
syllable ‘om’ and bring forth
the absolute bliss.
10. Iconography
She holds in her right hand a red lotus having a stalk and in the other hand (the left
band) she holds the book placed near the breast.
Sometime
She wears a crown of jewels.
Her two hands which are disposed in the vyakhyana' mudra (the gesture of the
exposition of Law: Dharmacakrapravartanaj also hold two lotuses decked with the
Prajñāpāramitā-Book rising from her right and left sides.
She sits on a white lotus in the vaprapapyyanka attitude and she is full of vigour
with the freshness of youth.
She is adorned with artistic dress and ornaments.’
Sometime
She has the five tathagatas (the Dhyani Buddhas) on her crown.
She sits in the candrasana (i.e., padmasana or paryahkasan) on a double-petalled
lotus and possesses all ornaments and clothes.
Her hands show the vyakhyana-mudra (the gesture of exposition) and on her right
and left sides there are two lotuses, each containing the Prajñāpāramitā -Book on it.
’
Sometime
Prajnaparamita is yellow in colour, bears the image of Aksobhya on her crown of
matted hair (jatamukuta), wears celestial ornaments and dress which include a
silken veil.
11. Iconography
Four-handed:
This form is described only in the Dharmakosa
Samgraha on folio 28a and 37a The relevant
description on folio 28a of the Dharmakosa-
Samgraha is as follows: Prajnaparamiti ekasya
caturbhu.fi sveta dhamacakra-mudra dakse
japamala yarns pustakam.
’Prajnaparamita has four hands and one face.
She is white in colour. She exhibits the dhamacakra-
mudra, i.e, the gesture of exposition (evidently with
two of her hands) and holds the rosary and the book
in the (remaining) right and left hands respectively.
The goddess 1bs one face and golden colour.
She possesses the ornaments like the wheel (cakra),
the earring (kumdala), the torque (kanthi), the
bracelet (rucaka), the girdle (mekhala). and the
anklet (nupura).
She has four hands of which a pair of right and left
hands are disposed in the dharmacakra-mudra (the
gesture exposition) and the other two hands hold
the rosary and the book. Her breasts are elevated.
She sits in the vajrasana on a lotus.’
12. Iconography
Six-handed :
A six-handed form of Prajnaparamita belonging to the Shingon sect of Japan has been
referred to and illustrated by Dr. Conze E..
The goddess in the illustration is seated in the vajrapayankasana., and her principal right
and left hands show the vyakhyaha-mudra (the gesture of exposition) and the book
respectively., Of the four remaining hands, the upper right and left ones show a peculiar
gesture in each of the hands by joining the tips of the thumb and the ring finger. The
lower right hand is in the bhumi-sparsa-mudra (the earth-touching gesture), and the
lower left is simply placed on the lap.
13. Iconography
Ten-handed :
Dr. Conze E. refers to a ten-handed and four or five-headed stone image from
Cambodia,
Twelve-handed :
Dr. Conze E. also mentions a twelve-armed form of Prajnaparamita from Nalanda,
but he is equally hesitant to draw any conclusion about the identification.
Twenty-Two-handed :
In Cambodia a form of Prajnaparamita with eleven heads and twenty-two hands is
found.
Manuscript, Kathmandu, 1000 CE., Prajñāparamitā
14. Original Place: Nalanda, Bihar
state.
Present Location: Displayed
in Asian Art Museum Chong-
Moon Lee Center for Asian Art
and Culture.
15. Metal- Bronze
Period- ca 10th Century CE
Original Place: Nalanda
ACCN 9430-A24285
Present Location: Indian Museum
16. Dated:-12th Century.
Description: The sculpture was
purchased in Orissa and brought from
India around 1930 by Frieda
Hauswirth-Das (1886–1974), author
of Marriage to India, a record of the
years she was married to Indian
agriculturalist and revolutionary
Sarangadhar Das (1887–1957).
It was then loaned to the Philadelphia
Museum of Art until 1941, and later
obtained by New York art collector Earl
Morse (1907–1988).
Present Location: National Gallery of
Australia, Canberra.
17. 12th century CE when
Cambodia was ruled by a
Buddhist king, Jayavarman
VII.
21. Thank you
Sources & Acknowledgment:
Dr. Shubho Majumadar
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/157235/5/05_chapter%202.pdf
https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/euraseaa15/paper/25592
http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Prajnaparamita_in_Buddhist_Ic
onography
https://www.buddhistdoor.net/features/the-iconography-of-nagas-part-five-the-burden-of-
wisdom-
https://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=365
Buddhist Goddesses of India By Miranda Eberle Shaw