Indian Economy a key factor for shaping Indian Society and Law: A case of Indian Farmer’s Loan: How Loan Waivers has become a part of Election manifesto and impacts of such loan waivers over Farmers and Indian Economy.
- The document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of India.
- It finds that major reforms in India are boosting growth, but growth could be more inclusive and regional inequality remains high.
- Key recommendations include comprehensive tax reform to raise more revenue, reducing corporate taxes to attract more investment, and increasing social spending and access to infrastructure to strengthen inclusive growth across regions.
India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, ranked 4th globally by PPP in 2001. Its economy is driven by agriculture, manufacturing, and services industries. Economic development depends on increasing efficiency, technological progress, and a shift away from agriculture. Historically, India's economy has progressed through pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial phases. It faces challenges like poverty, unemployment, population growth, and rural-urban disparities but is addressing these through reforms and investment in infrastructure, education, and technology. If current growth continues, India may become a developed economy by 2020-2025.
The document discusses key topics related to agriculture, industry, and foreign trade in India. It provides an overview of the role and importance of agriculture in the Indian economy, as well as the main features and problems facing Indian agriculture. It also examines the role of the public and private sectors in industrial development and India's import substitution policy. The green revolution led to increased agricultural productivity but was restricted to some crops and areas. Government policies aimed to address agricultural problems through credit expansion, irrigation, marketing reforms, and minimum support prices.
The document discusses the growth of India's economy, with a focus on the agricultural and services sectors. It notes that agriculture currently contributes around 18% to India's GDP but employs over half the population. The services sector now accounts for over half of GDP and has grown rapidly, especially in IT and IT-enabled services. Key challenges for agriculture include low productivity, resource degradation, and wide disparities across regions. Rapid growth in services has not been evenly distributed or matched by equivalent job growth.
It is generally accepted that investment in agriculture is an important tool to improve farm productivity, food security & thereby bring about overall economic growth.
Despite this, the Indian government’s focus is misplaced.
The government has actively increased funds meant for this sector, however, they have mostly pertained to subsidies.subsidies - which do not directly contribute to capital formation or asset creation. This renders the government’s efforts as ineffective.
Indian Economy a key factor for shaping Indian Society and Law: A case of Indian Farmer’s Loan: How Loan Waivers has become a part of Election manifesto and impacts of such loan waivers over Farmers and Indian Economy.
- The document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of India.
- It finds that major reforms in India are boosting growth, but growth could be more inclusive and regional inequality remains high.
- Key recommendations include comprehensive tax reform to raise more revenue, reducing corporate taxes to attract more investment, and increasing social spending and access to infrastructure to strengthen inclusive growth across regions.
India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, ranked 4th globally by PPP in 2001. Its economy is driven by agriculture, manufacturing, and services industries. Economic development depends on increasing efficiency, technological progress, and a shift away from agriculture. Historically, India's economy has progressed through pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial phases. It faces challenges like poverty, unemployment, population growth, and rural-urban disparities but is addressing these through reforms and investment in infrastructure, education, and technology. If current growth continues, India may become a developed economy by 2020-2025.
The document discusses key topics related to agriculture, industry, and foreign trade in India. It provides an overview of the role and importance of agriculture in the Indian economy, as well as the main features and problems facing Indian agriculture. It also examines the role of the public and private sectors in industrial development and India's import substitution policy. The green revolution led to increased agricultural productivity but was restricted to some crops and areas. Government policies aimed to address agricultural problems through credit expansion, irrigation, marketing reforms, and minimum support prices.
The document discusses the growth of India's economy, with a focus on the agricultural and services sectors. It notes that agriculture currently contributes around 18% to India's GDP but employs over half the population. The services sector now accounts for over half of GDP and has grown rapidly, especially in IT and IT-enabled services. Key challenges for agriculture include low productivity, resource degradation, and wide disparities across regions. Rapid growth in services has not been evenly distributed or matched by equivalent job growth.
It is generally accepted that investment in agriculture is an important tool to improve farm productivity, food security & thereby bring about overall economic growth.
Despite this, the Indian government’s focus is misplaced.
The government has actively increased funds meant for this sector, however, they have mostly pertained to subsidies.subsidies - which do not directly contribute to capital formation or asset creation. This renders the government’s efforts as ineffective.
India has seen strong economic growth rates of around 7% annually, making it one of the fastest growing major economies in the world. However, agriculture still employs over half the population and poverty remains a significant issue, with over 300 million Indians living below the poverty line. Literacy rates are also relatively low at 61% and healthcare access is limited with only one doctor per 1,230 people. While certain economic indicators are positive, significant development challenges remain around employment, education, health, and reducing inequality.
India has experienced rapid economic growth since liberalizing its economy in 1991. It has transitioned from an agriculture-based economy to one with strong industries like technology. India is now the world's second fastest growing major economy and the 10th largest by GDP. However, growth has slowed recently due to challenges like inflation, the current account deficit, and tight monetary policy. Looking ahead, forecasts indicate India has strong potential to become a leading global economy, with projections that it could become the world's third largest by 2030 due to continued growth of its large middle class.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Indian economy including employment trends, poverty levels, investments, infrastructure development, agriculture, financial sector performance, industry, and services. It notes that while the economy has grown significantly, poverty and unemployment remain challenges and productivity in agriculture could be improved with better access to irrigation, credit, and adoption of modern practices.
The document analyzes India's economy under the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) model introduced in 1991. It discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of LPG for India's economy. The key benefits mentioned are high economic growth rates, rising stock markets, increasing foreign investment and trade. However, it also notes rising inequality, environmental degradation, and benefits being concentrated among large corporations rather than rural communities. In the current state, India's economy is recovering from the global recession and growing at around 7-8% annually, but faces challenges of sustaining this and reducing poverty and regional disparities.
Is India growing in its economy?
Yes, India is Growing their economy, India is the seventh-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).[32] The country is classified as a newly industrialised country, one of the G-20 major economies, a member of BRICS and a developing economy with an average growth rate of approximately 7% over the last two decades. Maharashtra is the wealthiest Indian state and has an annual GDP of US$220 billion, nearly equal to that of Pakistan or Portugal, and accounts for 12% of the Indian GDP followed by the states of Tamil Nadu (US$140 billion) and Uttar Pradesh (US$130 billion). India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy from the last quarter of 2014, replacing the People's Republic of China
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions related to Indian economic planning and development. It tests knowledge on objectives of planning in India, institutions like the Planning Commission and NABARD, key plans and policies, and demographic and agricultural milestones. The key details assessed include objectives of planning being modernization, growth and self-reliance; Planning Commission being constituted in 1950; second industrial policy in 1956; plan holiday period of 1966-1969; nature of economy pre-independence being stagnant, backward and underdeveloped; and 1921 being called the 'great divide' in demographic transition.
Recent development in indian economy rivhaMamta Bhaurya
The document summarizes recent developments in the Indian economy from 2007-2012. It describes India's growing middle class and potential for business opportunities. It outlines India's economic growth rates between 2007-2010 and defines the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The key sectors discussed are agriculture, services, telecommunications, and their respective contributions to GDP and employment. The economic survey from 2011-2012 forecasts continued growth in the agriculture, services sectors and increasing savings and trade.
India has the 11th largest GDP in the world and is a member of the G20 and BRICS. While India's per capita income is low, ranking 129th globally, its economy has grown significantly in recent decades through economic reforms and liberalization. The services sector contributes over half of India's GDP, while agriculture remains an important employer, with over half the population depending on it for livelihood. Infrastructure development, including investments in transportation and energy, remains a government priority to support continued economic growth.
In the publication "India 2020 Economy Outlook", D&B attempts to evaluate and analyse the prospects of the Indian economy over the next six years. This publication provides a forecast of key macroeconomic variables over the next few years. The publication also covers analysis of various Indian states with respect to their potential to contribute to India’s growth. It also analyses various enablers and major policy initiatives that would drive and facilitate India’s economic journey. It also presents various challenges to growth in the next few years.
The document discusses the history and development of the Indian economy from ancient to modern times. It summarizes that the Indian economy was well-developed prior to colonial rule, but the arrival of the British East India Company caused economic strain by exploiting Indian resources. After independence in 1947, the government implemented five-year plans to rebuild the economy and boost sectors like agriculture, industry, and services. While India's economy is growing, it faces challenges like inflation, infrastructure issues, and fiscal deficits that must be addressed for continued economic rise on the global stage.
An estimate of World Bank says that an additional 64 million people are living in extreme poverty on less
than US$1.25 a day by the end of 2010 as a result of the global recession. Low export dependency, a
large consumption base and the high share of employment and income come from rural areas.
Government’s focus and initiatives at local level will help in sustaining the economic growth at large. India
is among the most attractive destinations globally, for investments and business and FDI had increased
over the last few years. With the inclusive work force participation, development of infrastructural
facilities, encouraging small and medium enterprise MSMEs sector, government can fill the gap of income
disparity in different regions. Better policy measures and awareness programmes regarding many of the
government initiatives for the betterment of society can do wonders for an inclusive society and nation.
Better employment prospects, better technical education and programmes on poverty eradication and
public health must be priory concerned. An action oriented approach in a very aggressive manner would
be needed to facilitate a better livelihood and better market conditions for the society.
These are slides from an economics revision webinar on aspects of the Indian economy.
Population: 1.3 billion; Urbanization: 33%
Life expectancy: 68 years (average)
HDI ranking 131st/188
Per capita GNI (PPP) $5,663
% living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) 21%
% of population under-nourished: 15%
Remittance inflow (net) +3.3% of GDP
Gini coefficient: 0.35
Palma Ratio: 1.5
Successful diversification into manufacturing
Globally competitive in many service industries
The document summarizes the history and development of the Indian economy from ancient times to present day. It discusses how the economy was negatively impacted during British colonial rule but began to grow after independence through import substitution industrialization and nationalization of key industries. Economic reforms since 1991 opened the economy to foreign investment and global trade, leading to strong growth rates of around 7% annually over the past few decades and positioning India as the 7th largest economy globally. Recent years have seen some slowing but growth is projected to remain around 7-8% through 2016-17.
The document discusses key indicators of the Indian economy and agriculture sector. It provides statistics showing India's GDP growth rate, exports, imports, foreign exchange reserves, and FDI inflows have all been increasing in recent years. However, agriculture still faces major problems like low productivity and farmers' debts. The 11th five-year economic plan aims to boost agricultural GDP growth to 4% annually through a second green revolution and increasing irrigation.
Wealth creation the invisible hand supported by the hand of trustDVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
National Economic Survey (NES) is the flagship annual document of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. It reviews the developments in the Indian economy over the past financial year, summarizes the performance on major development programs, and highlights initiatives of the government and the prospects of the economy in the short to medium term.
The document discusses key economic indicators of India such as GDP growth, contributors to GDP, tax receipts, government expenditures, fiscal deficits, and their implications. It analyzes graphs showing India's strong GDP growth over the decades, rising contribution of the services sector to GDP, high government spending on interest payments and subsidies, and increasing fiscal deficits reflecting a growing debt burden on the government. The rising deficits are a concern as they are driven by non-developmental expenditures and could limit the government's ability to fund important infrastructure projects.
Indias great slowdown cause and way forward by arvind subramanian and josh fe...DVSResearchFoundatio
The Indian economy is facing a Severe Slowdown with the GDP growth falling to 4.5% in the 2nd Quarter of FY19-20. Mr. Aravind Subramanian, former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India has termed it as The Great Slowdown. A recent Faculty Working Paper (WP) for the Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University by Mr. Arvind Subramanian and Mr. Josh Felman provides an Analysis of the Slowdown. In this webinar, we shall understand the thesis provided on Reasons and Remedies for the Current Slowdown.
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy, including national income, the budget, census, poverty levels, human development index, NITI Aayog, and the Finance Commission. It discusses how national income is calculated, the history of the Indian budget and census, definitions of absolute and relative poverty, India's HDI ranking, the roles and members of NITI Aayog, and the duties and history of the Finance Commission in India.
evolution of e-commerce in the past decade and styletag as a trendsetterRain Chatterjee
The document discusses the evolution of e-commerce in India over the past decade and analyzes Styletag as an emerging trendsetter in the industry. It provides an overview of Styletag, including its founding, merchandising process, marketing strategies, and customer base. The document also examines drivers of the growth of e-commerce in India, forecasting that online retail sales will reach over $1 trillion by 2020. It identifies Styletag's target audience as primarily the 19-30 age group with an annual income between $2,500-10,000.
India has seen strong economic growth rates of around 7% annually, making it one of the fastest growing major economies in the world. However, agriculture still employs over half the population and poverty remains a significant issue, with over 300 million Indians living below the poverty line. Literacy rates are also relatively low at 61% and healthcare access is limited with only one doctor per 1,230 people. While certain economic indicators are positive, significant development challenges remain around employment, education, health, and reducing inequality.
India has experienced rapid economic growth since liberalizing its economy in 1991. It has transitioned from an agriculture-based economy to one with strong industries like technology. India is now the world's second fastest growing major economy and the 10th largest by GDP. However, growth has slowed recently due to challenges like inflation, the current account deficit, and tight monetary policy. Looking ahead, forecasts indicate India has strong potential to become a leading global economy, with projections that it could become the world's third largest by 2030 due to continued growth of its large middle class.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Indian economy including employment trends, poverty levels, investments, infrastructure development, agriculture, financial sector performance, industry, and services. It notes that while the economy has grown significantly, poverty and unemployment remain challenges and productivity in agriculture could be improved with better access to irrigation, credit, and adoption of modern practices.
The document analyzes India's economy under the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) model introduced in 1991. It discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of LPG for India's economy. The key benefits mentioned are high economic growth rates, rising stock markets, increasing foreign investment and trade. However, it also notes rising inequality, environmental degradation, and benefits being concentrated among large corporations rather than rural communities. In the current state, India's economy is recovering from the global recession and growing at around 7-8% annually, but faces challenges of sustaining this and reducing poverty and regional disparities.
Is India growing in its economy?
Yes, India is Growing their economy, India is the seventh-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).[32] The country is classified as a newly industrialised country, one of the G-20 major economies, a member of BRICS and a developing economy with an average growth rate of approximately 7% over the last two decades. Maharashtra is the wealthiest Indian state and has an annual GDP of US$220 billion, nearly equal to that of Pakistan or Portugal, and accounts for 12% of the Indian GDP followed by the states of Tamil Nadu (US$140 billion) and Uttar Pradesh (US$130 billion). India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy from the last quarter of 2014, replacing the People's Republic of China
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions related to Indian economic planning and development. It tests knowledge on objectives of planning in India, institutions like the Planning Commission and NABARD, key plans and policies, and demographic and agricultural milestones. The key details assessed include objectives of planning being modernization, growth and self-reliance; Planning Commission being constituted in 1950; second industrial policy in 1956; plan holiday period of 1966-1969; nature of economy pre-independence being stagnant, backward and underdeveloped; and 1921 being called the 'great divide' in demographic transition.
Recent development in indian economy rivhaMamta Bhaurya
The document summarizes recent developments in the Indian economy from 2007-2012. It describes India's growing middle class and potential for business opportunities. It outlines India's economic growth rates between 2007-2010 and defines the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The key sectors discussed are agriculture, services, telecommunications, and their respective contributions to GDP and employment. The economic survey from 2011-2012 forecasts continued growth in the agriculture, services sectors and increasing savings and trade.
India has the 11th largest GDP in the world and is a member of the G20 and BRICS. While India's per capita income is low, ranking 129th globally, its economy has grown significantly in recent decades through economic reforms and liberalization. The services sector contributes over half of India's GDP, while agriculture remains an important employer, with over half the population depending on it for livelihood. Infrastructure development, including investments in transportation and energy, remains a government priority to support continued economic growth.
In the publication "India 2020 Economy Outlook", D&B attempts to evaluate and analyse the prospects of the Indian economy over the next six years. This publication provides a forecast of key macroeconomic variables over the next few years. The publication also covers analysis of various Indian states with respect to their potential to contribute to India’s growth. It also analyses various enablers and major policy initiatives that would drive and facilitate India’s economic journey. It also presents various challenges to growth in the next few years.
The document discusses the history and development of the Indian economy from ancient to modern times. It summarizes that the Indian economy was well-developed prior to colonial rule, but the arrival of the British East India Company caused economic strain by exploiting Indian resources. After independence in 1947, the government implemented five-year plans to rebuild the economy and boost sectors like agriculture, industry, and services. While India's economy is growing, it faces challenges like inflation, infrastructure issues, and fiscal deficits that must be addressed for continued economic rise on the global stage.
An estimate of World Bank says that an additional 64 million people are living in extreme poverty on less
than US$1.25 a day by the end of 2010 as a result of the global recession. Low export dependency, a
large consumption base and the high share of employment and income come from rural areas.
Government’s focus and initiatives at local level will help in sustaining the economic growth at large. India
is among the most attractive destinations globally, for investments and business and FDI had increased
over the last few years. With the inclusive work force participation, development of infrastructural
facilities, encouraging small and medium enterprise MSMEs sector, government can fill the gap of income
disparity in different regions. Better policy measures and awareness programmes regarding many of the
government initiatives for the betterment of society can do wonders for an inclusive society and nation.
Better employment prospects, better technical education and programmes on poverty eradication and
public health must be priory concerned. An action oriented approach in a very aggressive manner would
be needed to facilitate a better livelihood and better market conditions for the society.
These are slides from an economics revision webinar on aspects of the Indian economy.
Population: 1.3 billion; Urbanization: 33%
Life expectancy: 68 years (average)
HDI ranking 131st/188
Per capita GNI (PPP) $5,663
% living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) 21%
% of population under-nourished: 15%
Remittance inflow (net) +3.3% of GDP
Gini coefficient: 0.35
Palma Ratio: 1.5
Successful diversification into manufacturing
Globally competitive in many service industries
The document summarizes the history and development of the Indian economy from ancient times to present day. It discusses how the economy was negatively impacted during British colonial rule but began to grow after independence through import substitution industrialization and nationalization of key industries. Economic reforms since 1991 opened the economy to foreign investment and global trade, leading to strong growth rates of around 7% annually over the past few decades and positioning India as the 7th largest economy globally. Recent years have seen some slowing but growth is projected to remain around 7-8% through 2016-17.
The document discusses key indicators of the Indian economy and agriculture sector. It provides statistics showing India's GDP growth rate, exports, imports, foreign exchange reserves, and FDI inflows have all been increasing in recent years. However, agriculture still faces major problems like low productivity and farmers' debts. The 11th five-year economic plan aims to boost agricultural GDP growth to 4% annually through a second green revolution and increasing irrigation.
Wealth creation the invisible hand supported by the hand of trustDVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
National Economic Survey (NES) is the flagship annual document of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. It reviews the developments in the Indian economy over the past financial year, summarizes the performance on major development programs, and highlights initiatives of the government and the prospects of the economy in the short to medium term.
The document discusses key economic indicators of India such as GDP growth, contributors to GDP, tax receipts, government expenditures, fiscal deficits, and their implications. It analyzes graphs showing India's strong GDP growth over the decades, rising contribution of the services sector to GDP, high government spending on interest payments and subsidies, and increasing fiscal deficits reflecting a growing debt burden on the government. The rising deficits are a concern as they are driven by non-developmental expenditures and could limit the government's ability to fund important infrastructure projects.
Indias great slowdown cause and way forward by arvind subramanian and josh fe...DVSResearchFoundatio
The Indian economy is facing a Severe Slowdown with the GDP growth falling to 4.5% in the 2nd Quarter of FY19-20. Mr. Aravind Subramanian, former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India has termed it as The Great Slowdown. A recent Faculty Working Paper (WP) for the Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University by Mr. Arvind Subramanian and Mr. Josh Felman provides an Analysis of the Slowdown. In this webinar, we shall understand the thesis provided on Reasons and Remedies for the Current Slowdown.
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy, including national income, the budget, census, poverty levels, human development index, NITI Aayog, and the Finance Commission. It discusses how national income is calculated, the history of the Indian budget and census, definitions of absolute and relative poverty, India's HDI ranking, the roles and members of NITI Aayog, and the duties and history of the Finance Commission in India.
evolution of e-commerce in the past decade and styletag as a trendsetterRain Chatterjee
The document discusses the evolution of e-commerce in India over the past decade and analyzes Styletag as an emerging trendsetter in the industry. It provides an overview of Styletag, including its founding, merchandising process, marketing strategies, and customer base. The document also examines drivers of the growth of e-commerce in India, forecasting that online retail sales will reach over $1 trillion by 2020. It identifies Styletag's target audience as primarily the 19-30 age group with an annual income between $2,500-10,000.
This document provides an overview of the economies and opportunities in India and Canada. It notes that both countries are among the top dozen economies in the world, and shares key statistics about their GDP, population sizes, and other economic indicators. The document outlines several sectors of the Indian economy such as agriculture, industry, and services that provide opportunities for Canadian companies. These opportunities include investments and exports in areas like agriculture, life sciences, cleantech, ICT, and more. The Canadian strategy aims to increase bilateral trade and investment between the two countries.
Construction involves the building or assembling of infrastructure through a complex, multistep process. It requires effective planning and coordination between design teams, financial advisors, and contractors to ensure projects are completed safely, on budget, and meet environmental standards. There are two main types of construction - building construction which includes homes and commercial buildings, and industrial construction for specialized facilities. Large projects require managing numerous interdependent tasks and integrating input from various experts.
An overview of the indian economy ppt @ bec doms bagalkotBabasab Patil
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy, including its history and culture, current economic scenario, demographics, and key industries. Some of India's economic strengths highlighted include its large and growing economy, entrepreneurial business community, and favorable demographics. Infrastructure development is noted as a relative weakness. Major industries fueling growth are services, textiles, MSMEs, and agriculture, despite issues with land availability. Exports to Israel have increased significantly in recent years, led by gems and jewelry, petroleum products, and pharmaceuticals. Key sectors for potential investment in India include infrastructure, agriculture, education, and renewable energy.
The document provides an overview of the economy of India. It discusses India's economy from pre-colonial times through British colonial rule to the post-independence period. Some key points:
- India had a sizable economy in pre-colonial times, accounting for about 22.6% of world GDP in 1700 due to trade of spices and textiles.
- British colonial rule negatively impacted India's economy through taxation policies and drain of capital to Britain, reducing India's GDP share to 3.8% by 1952.
- After independence, India followed policies of protectionism, import substitution, and extensive state control and central planning until economic reforms began in 1991.
The Indian economy has transitioned from being primarily agriculture-based to an economy with large industries and services sectors. While India has experienced significant growth in recent decades, issues remain such as poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality. The recession has brought new challenges for India's economy in spreading growth equitably, completing important projects, and dealing with financial uncertainty from global capital flows and exports.
The document summarizes the current state of the Indian economy based on news from August 15-21, 2013. Key points include:
- Inflation is rising to a 5-month high due to fuel prices and food inflation. The rupee is devaluing against the dollar.
- The government has imposed restrictions on gold imports to curb the current account deficit.
- Tensions are rising between the government and RBI governor over monetary policy. The rupee continues falling despite measures.
- Onion prices have jumped back up due to low domestic supply, prompting the government to float a tender for onion imports.
This presentation outlines the Sales Territory Planning process I have developed and refined over 20 years of Enterprise Sales experience across Asia Pacific.
10. sales training territory managementEarl Stevens
The document discusses territory management and sales territories. It provides information on:
- The nature of territory management and defining sales territories based on customer grouping rather than geography.
- Types of accounts like major accounts and direct accounts that require special attention.
- Activities involved in territory management like planning, implementation, and control.
- Factors to consider when designing sales territories like workload, products, competition, and sales potential.
- Reasons for establishing and revising sales territories related to customers, salespeople, and management.
The document provides information about the Indian economy, including its location in Asia with New Delhi as the capital and Mumbai as the financial capital. It notes that India has the 10th largest nominal GDP and 3rd largest GDP by PPP. Some key statistics presented include a GDP of $1.87 trillion, GDP growth of 4.7% in 2013, GDP per capita of $1504, and inflation of 8.79% in January 2014. The main industries and sectors contributing to the economy are also outlined, along with details about exports, imports, public finance, currency exchange rates over time, and the impacts of declining GDP growth.
- India has the 7th largest economy in the world and is one of the fastest growing. It has a mixed economy and a large services sector.
- Agriculture and related industries remain important but the economy is becoming more industrialized and specialized in services like IT. Infrastructure development is a priority.
- The economy faces issues like uneven development, poverty, and corruption, but reforms continue and growth rates have been high in recent decades.
This document summarizes the history and structure of the Indian economy. It discusses three phases of economic development: pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial. The colonial period negatively impacted the economy through exploitation of resources. Currently, the economy has primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors and faces challenges like inflation, infrastructure issues, and debt. However, with continued reforms and growth, India is projected to become one of the largest economies globally by 2035.
This document provides an overview of the economy of India, including key statistics and sectors. It discusses India's GDP growth rate, important industries like telecommunications and food processing, top export and import partners, sectors like agriculture and banking, and external trade. It also outlines objectives of India's 11th five-year plan such as reducing poverty and improving education, health, and infrastructure.
The Indian rupee has evolved over centuries from silver coins to the current paper currency system. Under British rule in the early 1900s, the rupee was divided into 16 annas, each further divided into smaller units. In 1957, India decimalized its currency, with the rupee divided into 100 paise. The Reserve Bank of India began producing currency in 1938. Current banknotes feature portraits of Mahatma Gandhi and have numerous security features including watermarks, security threads, and optically variable ink. Coins in circulation include the 1, 2, 5, and 10 rupee denominations, though paise coins are rarely used.
This is not an end-all-be-all primer for Territory Management - it was developed for a very specific situation to fix a very specific business problem.
Indian Economy: The Challenge Ahead Since India gainedalianwarrr55
Following India's economic victories, the country is confronted with a wide range of chances and challenges that represent Sarvesh Kaushal's vision fulfilled. The spirit of Kaushal's vision blends with the economic history of the country as the Indian economy continues its voyage of change, offering a powerful story of expansion, resiliency, and adaptability.
The document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. Some key points:
1) The FMCG market in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 27.86% to reach US$103.70 billion by 2020 from US$52.75 billion in 2017-18.
2) Total consumption expenditure in India is set to increase at a CAGR of 22.57% from 2016-2021 to reach nearly US$3,600 billion by 2020 from US$1,595 billion in 2016.
3) The rural FMCG market is expected to grow to US$220 billion by 2025 from US$29.4 billion in
The document provides a SWOT analysis of India's New Economic Policy introduced in 1991 in response to a balance of payments crisis. The three main strengths are: 1) High economic growth increasing GDP and reducing poverty; 2) Increased foreign investment and integration in the global economy; 3) Dismantling of licensing and opening private industry. The key weaknesses are reduced government spending and increased inequality. Main opportunities are foreign investment, technology transfer, and improving competitiveness. Primary threats include increased economic fluctuations, challenges for agriculture and rural populations, and uneven distribution of benefits.
The document discusses strategies to boost agricultural productivity in India through public-private partnerships (PPPs). It outlines five themes to transform the agricultural sector's performance, including accelerating sustainable yield improvements, promoting farmer-industry interaction, scaling up food processing and exports, investing in infrastructure with private participation, and nurturing agri-business entrepreneurs. It proposes establishing Agricultural Training Institutes through PPPs to develop skilled workers. An organizational structure is suggested with representation from farmers, private partners, and local communities to effectively manage PPP initiatives at the village and nodal levels. The roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders including government, private sector, and farmers are defined to facilitate productive PPPs while mitigating risks.
The document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. Some key points:
- The FMCG market in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 27.86% to reach US$103.70 billion by 2020 from US$52.75 billion in 2017-18.
- Total consumption expenditure in India is set to increase at a CAGR of 22.57% from 2016-2021 to reach nearly US$3,600 billion by 2020.
- The rural FMCG market in India is expected to grow to US$220 billion by 2025 from US$29.4 billion in 2016, as rural consumption drives growth in the sector
India's Response to COViD19 [June 2020]3one4 Capital
The document proposes an economic relief package of INR 5 lakh crore for India to address the near-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. It analyzes the effects on key sectors like agriculture, industry and services, and estimates that 10 crore workers will be directly impacted by loss of income. The proposed package includes direct benefit transfers of INR 12,000 for 15 crore families, tax postponements, industry relief, bank lending support, refunds, and health spending. It argues this level of spending is needed to restore confidence and ensure livelihoods during the crisis, and constitutes only 2.5% of India's GDP, much lower than relief packages in other countries. The document advocates bold
Indian Agriculture is often considered to be a subsidised one to lend a helping hand to the farmers of India. This presentation will brief the viewers about the reality of the agriculture subsidies in India.
The document discusses several issues facing India and proposes reforms in various sectors including public services, higher education, consumer price index, fiscal deficit, pensions/insurance, currency/interest rates, banking, agriculture, infrastructure, and the environment. It argues that India needs to develop frameworks for accountability, increase transparency, liberalize restrictions on investments, reform markets, and address financing and regulatory constraints to support growth in these important areas.
The document discusses the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan, or Self-Reliant India Movement, launched by the Indian government. It aims to make India more self-reliant by focusing on local manufacturers and reducing imports. This will strengthen the economy and trade balance by lowering the trade deficit. The government announced a stimulus package of 20 lakh crore rupees and reforms to boost key sectors like agriculture, MSMEs, power and defense. However, there are challenges around ensuring demand, and financing the large fiscal deficit caused by the package.
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FMCG market in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 27.86% to reach US$ 103.70 billion by 2020 from US$ 52.75 billion in 2017-18. Rural consumption is a major driver of growth in the FMCG sector, with the rural FMCG market in India expected to grow to US$ 220 billion by 2025 from US$ 23.6 billion in 2018. FMCG companies are adopting strategies such as promotions and offers, new product launches, expansion into new geographies and categories, and focusing on online sales to tap into growth opportunities in India.
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Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Indian economic suvey 2016
1. Economic Survey 2015 -2016
2016
The Connaissance Club
Knowledge is Wisdom
1st
Editorial
Compiled by: Dhruv Chabbra
Contributions by: Shreya Mittal
Nitish Aggarwal
2. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
Introduction:
Released by Finance Ministry every year before budget session.
It sets backdrop for budget and reviews the development in Indian economy over the
previous 12 months.
First economic survey was presented in 1950 – 1951 and before 1964 the survey
usually was circulated along with budget documents but post 1964 was delinked
with budget documents.
Spells out economic agenda.
It also summarizes progress and performance on major development programs,
highlights the policy initiatives of the government and prospects of the economy in
the short to medium term.
Data required for economic survey is prepared by Central statistical officer (CSO) of
ministry of statistics and program implementation (MDPSI).
Legal Backing of Budget vis-a-vis Economic survey.
Article 112 of Constitution of India shall cause to be laid in parliament an “Annual
Financial Statement”.
This statement along with other documents is commonly known as Budget.
Budget is kept utmost secret in contrast to Economic Survey.
Then, Cleared by Chief
economic advisor and
secretary of Economic
affairs.
Department of Economic
affairs prepares the first
draft.
Then final version is
scrutinized by the finance
secretary and finance
minister.
3. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
The Economic Survey 2015-16
From Socialism without entry to marketism without exit - This line can be best
explained from an ancient incident in Mahabharata, the chakravyuha – ability to enter
but not exit.
1. Since LPG (Liberalisation, privatization and globalization) reforms of 1991 our
entry barriers in the economy have been reduced the through following:
i) De- Licensing
ii) De-regulation
iii) Reduction in role of Public Sector Enterprise
iv) Privatization
v) Liberal FDI norms
vi) Reduction in trade barriers
2. Compared to US and Mexico, the existing Indian firms are merely 1.5 times
larger the newer ones on an average.
In 1998 – 1999, the number was better at 2.5 times but post 2009-2010 the
number stands at 1.5 times.
In US and Mexico, it is 8 times and 2.25 times respectively.
This ratio denotes how enterprises which have been in existence for years barely
manage to thrive vis-à-vis an enterprise which newly comes up.1
The reasons are:
i) Fiscal Cost - Government’s support to sick and inefficient industries through
subsidies like bailouts, loan tariffs etc. This increases borrowing by the
government causing increase in fiscal deficit leading to increased Interest rates.
To counter this and project better economic indicators, the Government obtains
high dividends from cash rich PSU’S such as NTPC and sometimes even resorts
to disinvestments e.g. Coal India2.
ii) Opportunity Cost of Economy - Vast pool of human and capital resources are
not put to best use which ends up in consumers getting inferior products at higher
cost and also leads to rising NPA’S and stressed balance sheet of lending banks.
Loan waiver schemes and subsidies for farmers to garner votes.
Overburdened Debt Recovery Tribunals to recover bad loans.
Reluctance to write off of loans in books of banks of corporates from
where the recovery chances are almost NIL. This leads to ever greening
loans and postpones exit.
iii) Political Costs – Political bias towards the rich and the corporates while affecting
in Bailouts, this too raise questions on the political appeal of government.
1 76 PSUs exist, which although have a huge asset backing, but are running into huge accumulated losses.
2
The Indian government follows the cash basis of accounting.
4. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
Financial support to Kingfisher airlines – BOB gave loans to KFA even
when the financials clearly represented poor debt ratios and coverage
ratios and poor asset backing.
Inefficient redistribution of wealth in the form of subsidies etc. let’s
inefficient companies to sustain even when they have lost the ability to
prosper or grow.
Solutions to the above problems
i) Avoiding exit through liberal entry - Promoting competition through
privatization & liberal FDI has led to exit of uncompetitive players. Indian
aviation sector and telecom & automobile sector are befitting examples.
ii) Direct Policy Action
Amendment to Prevention of Corruption Act 1988: To prevent prosecution
for mere administrative errors. This would facilitate risk taking among
bureaucrats.
PPP Projects
Awareness and transparency: Knowledge and awareness about ecological
impact of growth of cereal in NW states may lead to its voluntary exit.
Similarly, knowledge about benefits of pulses cultivation may lead to
phasing out cereals in unwarranted areas.
Exit as an opportunity: Exiting inefficient firms may unleash a vast pool of
resources which may be used for the economy after privatization. This will
address the capital crunch as well. E.g. Land can be converted into Land
Banks or to develop industries or developed into smart city.
Spreading JAM Across Indian Economy.
iii) Direct Benefit transfer (DBT): With DBT the CG has significant control in
ensuring effective coordination between center and state.
iv) Identification of Beneficiaries and aims at preventing duplicities through tech
enabled environment.3
v) Seamless money transfer to beneficiaries is targeted through JAM promoting
financial inclusion in rural areas.
3
BAPU (Biometric Authenticated Physical Uptake)- Beneficiaries certify their identities and take physically
subsidized goods.
JAM
Jan Dhan
Yozna (JDY)
Aadhar
Mobile
Connectivity.
5. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
vi) Mobile phones:
Promoting mobile penetration which is less in Bihar and Assam in the rest
of the states the rate is over 60%.
Mobile would help inform arrival of food supplies at the ration shop and
fertilizer at the retail outlet.
23 banking licenses issued in 2015 including to Paytm and Bharti Airtel in
order to promote financial inclusion.
Issues in successful implementation of JAM
Conventional Fund flow system versus Modern
Based on forecast replaced with real time now.
CentreStateDistrictBlockPanchayat, replaced by linking directly
panchayats to state thereby eliminating leakages in between.
Expenditure documentation for multiple beneficiaries at a time post funds disbursed
replaced with real time individual fund expense documentation.
Fiscal savings are possible with modern FFS (Fund Flow System).
Major problems with old FFS.
Benficiary
Eligibilty and
Identification
Minimizing the
risk of excluding
the poor
Administrativ
e Support
Floats Leakages
Misallocation
and resource
Intensity.
6. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Soul of Indian economy, bring home bread to nearly half of all households and
supplies the remainder.
Just before white and green revolution India’s wheat and milk production were
just about 1/3rd
of US Output. By 2013-2014 Indian wheat output is 60% higher
than Americas and Milk output was 50% higher.
Inter Country Variations: Average yield of wheat and rice in India are much
below than that of china. In 2013 average yield was 3075 Kg/hectare as
compared to world average of 3257 Kg/hectare.
Inter-Regional Variation: Punjab and Haryana have much higher yields of
4500 Kg/hectare while some states yield lower than that of Bangladesh.
Indian agriculture is cereal centric because of effective MSP procurement as
compared to pulses since very few farmers grow pulses and only those who
grow are aware of MSP for pulses.
This has resulted in buffer stocks of wheat and paddy and frequent price spikes
of pulses and edible oils despite their imports.
Extremely inefficient methods of irrigation. India uses at least 2-4 times more
water as compared to China and Brazil. India places reliance on flood irrigation.
Farmers Income is less than Rs.20000 per annum on an average in 17 States.
Lack of agriculture education and faculties for that matter and limited linkages
to International counterparts.
Market segmentation leading to a large difference between consumer and
producer prices.
Changing
trend in
agriculture
Rise in protein
consumption and
demand for fruits,
vegetables and
livestock products.
Percapita Land
availability for
cultivation os declining
due to Industrial
pressure
Use of non
renewable fresh
waterinstead of
renewable fresh
water.
Climate changes
raises questions on
water supply.
7. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
India has much lower water levels per capital as compared to Brazil.
While China and Brazil uses 60% of Renewable fresh water, India uses a little
over 90% that too Nonrenewable.
By 0.3 Meters per year, the water level in India is declining.
1. This situation in agriculture can be improved by methods to follow
i) Rationalizing MSP policy.
ii) Reduced use of chemical fertilizers to prevent depletion of soil and
health.
iii) Drip Irrigation system, Sprinkle irrigation must be promoted to achieve
benefits of fertigation.
iv) Ensure minimum floor price to the farmers through price deficiency
payment.
v) If price of APMC Mandi fell below the MSP then farmer must be
compensated for the same.
vi) Encourage production of pulses to achieve maximum social returns i.e.
Soil porous and well aerated and
Less water and fertilizer used, these benefits should be
incorporated in MSP policy.
2. Subsidies and Tax concessions does it reach the deserved, we analyse
i) Government spending on subsidy: Nearly 4.2% of the GDP.
ii) Who utilizes it? – The well offs to the tune of over 1 lac crores. This
includes tax foregone and PPF schemes.
iii) We mostly follow withdrawal based tax regime whereas this should be
replaced by the net saving based tax incentive which is followed in other
countries too.
Bounties
GOLD- For well offs again,
taxed at only 1-1.6%.
NORMAL GOODS- 26% is the
tax rate kept for these vis a
vis Gold.
RAILWAY - 34% Subsidy for
better offs and 69% for the
poor.
ELECTRICITY- Given the
consumption of the rich the
susbidies are majorly
consumed by them.
ATF'S being taxed at 20%
while diesel and petrol at
55% and 61% respectively.In
kerosene about 50% of the
subsidy is consumed by the
well off.
8. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
The only solution to above is to ensure welfare of the poor by taxing and lowering the
subsidies of the richer.
FISCAL CAPACITY—SPENDING AND ESPECIALLY TAXATION - KEY
TO LONG RUN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Taxation is not just about financing spending; it is the economic glue that binds
citizens to the state in a two-way accountability relationship.
1. Why taxation is key to long run political and economic development?
India has chosen taxation as the key obligation that it can demand of its citizens.
Thus Bringing more and more people into the tax net via some form of direct
taxation, will help in realizing the promise of Indian democracy.
2. Fiscal Capacity of India
i) India taxes and spends less than OECD countries and less than its
emerging market peers. Tax to GDP ratio of India is low 16.6%.
ii) India’s total spending to GDP ratio (26.6%) and human capital expenditure
(health and education) to GDP ratio (5.1%) is lowest among the BRICS.
iii) Compared with countries having similar level of economic development
and having similar democracy index value, India heavily underperforms in
tax collection and spending
iv) Roughly 5.5 percent of earning individuals pay taxes in India. India
currently has amongst the lowest number of taxpayers.
3. How to improve Taxation and Spending?
i) Reduce corruption - More citizens believe that public resources are not
wasted.
ii) Better targeting of the subsidies – This would ensure that well off people
do not enjoy the subsidies.
iii) Property taxation system needs to be overhauled - They can be the
foundation of local government’s finances.
iv) Introduction of GST – Would solve the problem of cascading of taxes
and to improve tax collection efficiency.
v) Phasing out of corporate tax exemptions coupled with a lower
corporate tax rate (25%) - This will simplify tax structure, prevent
litigation and will boost ease of doing business.
Preferential Trade Agreements
Five different forms of PTAs are –
9. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
i) Partial Scope Agreement (PSA): A PSA is only partial in scope, meaning
it allows for trade between countries on a small number of goods .
ii) Free Trade Agreement (FTA): Preferential arrangement in which
members reduce tariffs on trade among them, while each having own tariff
rates for trade with nonmembers.
iii) Customs Union (CU): A customs union (CU) is a free-trade agreement in
which members apply a common external tariff (CET) schedule to imports
from nonmembers.
iv) Common Market (CM): A common market is a customs union where
movement of factors of production is relatively free amongst member
countries.
v) Economic Union (EU): An economic union is a common market where
member countries coordinate macro-economic and exchange rate policies.
1. India and FTAs
i) India has made use of FTAs as a key component of its trade and foreign
policy, especially from 2003-04 onwards.
ii) Specific Focus of India’s FTAs - India has mainly focused on partnering
with other Asian countries, and in goods more so than in services.
iii) Customized FTAs - There are differences in coverage of products and
degree of integration across recent FTAs. For example, India-Korea CEPA
contains chapters on Origin Procedures, telecommunication and Audio-
Visual Co-production, but these are not included in India-Japan CEPA.
2. Vietnam and Malaysia will benefit most among the member countries of TTP
while non-members like Korea and Thailand would suffer as a result of
shrinking market access and greater competition in export markets. For
India effect on export will be marginally positive but India’s GDP will reduce
by 0.2%. A Decrease of 0.1% in real income for India by 2020.
3. Benefits of FTAs
i) Reduction in tariff barriers should spur trade between partners, by offering
greater market access for firms.
ii) Increased import and export after signing of FTA with the member
countries.
4. Negatives of FTAs
i) The impact of an FTA on the trade balance is unclear.
ii) Possibility of trade diversion from non-member country to a member
country - Without any real increase in import and export.
Basic Facts and Trends
10. Economic Survey 2015-16
THE CONNAISSANCE CLUB
Knowledge Is Wisdom
For the purpose of this analysis, survey focused on three major FTA partners:
ASEAN, Korea and Japan. The main results are
i) Increased Trade.
ii) Persistent Effects: Within a year of the agreement coming into force, the
effect of FTAs become positive and significant, with effects even
increasing in the subsequent few years.
iii) Especially for ASEAN FTA: ASEAN and the Korean FTA show
statistically significant and positive effects on trade values.
iv) Especially for Imports: the country has benefitted on both sides of trade
flows with a statistically significant 33 per cent increase in exports and 79
per cent increase in imports.
Way forward
i) Multilateral trade liberalization.
ii) WTO has been overtaken by preferential trade agreements. Hence, India
should approach FTAs as they have led to increased trade. India should
keep its options intact to use WTO consistent measures like anti-dumping
and conventional duties and safeguard measures to prevent itself from
unfair trade.