This document summarizes the industrial production of streptomycin through fermentation. Streptomycin is produced by Streptomyces griseus or S. humidus and is active against various bacteria. The discovery of streptomycin in 1944 by Schatz, Bugie, and Waksman established S. griseus as an important industrial strain. Fermentation occurs over 3 phases, with the crucial second phase producing the highest yields of streptomycin for up to 7 days. After fermentation, the broth is filtered and streptomycin is recovered through adsorption onto activated carbon or cation exchange resin before final purification into a pure calcium chloride complex form.