Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
PURE CULTURE TECHNIQUE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION PROCESS .pptxVishekKumar8
Pure culture technique
INTRODUCTION
PURE CULTIURE TECHNIQE
ISOLATION PROCESS
STREAK PLATE METHOD
POUR PLATE METHOD
SPREAD PLATE METHOD
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
BIOCHEMICAL TEST
MOLECULAR METHOD
SEROGICAL TECHNIQUE
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. Screening
It is defined as use of highly selective procedure
for detection and isolation of only those
microorganisms of interest from among large
microbial population and test their real capability
by qualitative and quantitative analysis.
4. Primary Screening
It is defined as those elementary techniques
required for isolation and detection of new
microbial species exhibiting desirable or
industrially important properties.
5. Secondary Screening
It is defined as techniques that select only those
organisms amongst hundred of isolates having
real industrial values and test their capabilities by
qualitative and quantitative analysis.
6. General steps involved in primary screening
1. Collection of sample
2. Preparation of sample
3. Carry out 10 fold dilution
4. Isolation on suitable media
5. Using suitable method like streaking, spreading, pour plate or
membrane imprints(water sample)
7. Examples of Primary Screening
Acid/
Amine
producers
Antibiotic producers Isolation of enzyme
producers
Specific C
and N UtilizerDegraders of
synthetic
waste
Isolation of
Vitamin,
aminoacid
producer
8. I Isolation of Acid/ Amine producer
Microorganisms capable of producing acids or amines from natural sources
can be detected using this method by incorporating certain pH indicator
dyes such as neutral red or bromothymol blue into nutrient agar medium.
The change in the color of a particular dye in the vicinity of a colony will
indicate the ability of that colony to produce an organic acid or base.
pH Indicator ACIDIC ALKALINE NEUTRAL
NEUTRAL RED PINK YELLOW ORANGE
BROMOTHYMOL
BLUE
YELLOW BLUE GREEN
9. Isolation of Acid/ Amine producer contd….
Production of an organic acid can also be
detected by an alternative method. In this
method calcium carbonate is incorporated
into the agar medium. The production of
organic acid is indicated by the formation of a
clear zone around those colonies which
release organic acid into the medium.
10. II Isolation of Antibiotic Producer
Crowded plate technique
Principle
Is different organisms present in the sample are made to grow very
close to each other (using LOW DILUTION) so that any antibiotic
producer among them can exert antagonistic effect towards other
Organisms in its close vicinity. Thus antibiotic producer can be easily
detected by visual detection of clearing around the colony
12. Wilkin’s Agar Overlayer Method
Principle
Is to allow different organisms present in sample to grow on a suitable
media as isolated colonies(using HIGH DILUTIONS) and detection of
antibiotic producer among them as colony showing zone of inhibition
of test organisms around it after overlayering colonies with sterile
molten Wilkins’s agar butt seed inoculated with organisms.
Bromothymol blue, a pH indicator in Wilkin’s agar helps in
differentiating zone of inhibition due to antibiotic and or acid/alkali
produced by the isolate.
18. ENRICHMENT
This technique is generally employed to isolate those
microorganisms that are very less in number in a soil
sample and possess specific nutrient requirement and are
important industrially. They can be isolated if the
nutrients required by them is incorporated into the
medium or by adjusting the incubation conditions.
19. ENRICHMENT TECHNIQUE
Few Examples
• PROTEASE PRODUCER-
MEDIA CONTAINING PROTEIN
• CELLULASE PRODUCER-
MEDIA CONTAINING CELLULOSE
• LYSINE PRODUCER-
MEDIA DEVOID OF LYSINE
21. Terminology
• Auxotroph – Requires a particular growth factor for its growth i.e it
cannot synthesize its own growth factor.
It is denoted as name of growth factor and –(minus)
For Example: Lys-, VitB12
-
• Prototroph – produces its own growth factor.
It is denoted as name of growth factor and +(plus)
For Example: Lys+, VitB12
+
22. • Auxanography technique is employed for detecting microorganisms
able to produce growth factors , vitamins , amino acids etc.
extracellularly
A minimal media
lacking the
growth factors is
prepared and
seeded with the
test organism. •
The seeded
medium is
poured onto
fresh petri plate
and the plate is
allowed to se
Preparation of
second plate
• A filter paper
strip is put across
the bottom of
petri dish. • The
nutrient agar is
prepared and
poured on the
paper disc • and
allowed to
solidify. • Soil
sample is diluted
and proper
dilutions are
inoculated.
Preparation of first
plate
23. REPLICA PLATE TECHNIQUE
Principle
Is to transfer large number of colonies from one plate(MASTER PLATE)
to another plate(REPLICA PLATE- usually minimal medium), that will
support growth of any one type of organisms of interest from number
of different types present on master plate, in a single step using sterile
replicator block covered with sterile velveteen cloth whose threads
serve as needles and pick up colonies from one plate to transfer on
another.
26. IV ISOLATION OF ENZYME PRODUCERS
• Enzymes have huge demand in varying industry pharmaceuticals,
brewing, textile ,cheese, meat, baking etc.
For isolation of enzyme producer specific substrate is required to be
provided
Eg: PROTEASE- Any media containing protein
AMYLASE- Media containing Starch
LIPASE- Media containing oil or lipids
27. V ISOLATION OF DEGRADERS OF SYNTHETIC
WASTE
Pesticides, detergents and solvents do not get degraded easily.
-STARTER CULTURE
-CONSORTIUM OF ORGANISMS
28. VI ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC ‘C’ AND ‘N’
UTILIZER
This technique is employed for the detection and isolation of
microorganisms capable of utilizing carbon source from volatile substrates
like hydrocarbons, low molecular weight alcohols and similar carbon
sources. Suitable dilution of a microbial source like soil suspension are
spread on to the surface of sterile agar medium containing all the
nutrients except the one mentioned above.
29. VI ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC ‘C’ AND ‘N’
UTILIZER
The required volatile substrate is applied on to the lid of
the petri plates, which are incubated by placing them in
an inverted position. Enough vapors from the volatile
substrate spread to the surface of agar within the closed
atmosphere to provide the required specific nutrient to
the microorganism, which grows and form colonies by
absorbing the supplemented nutrient. The colonies are
isolated, purified and stock cultures are made which may
be utilized for further screening tests.
30. VI ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC ‘C’ AND ‘N’
UTILIZER
Source: ResearchGate.net