Presented by Natalie Carter, Catherine Dewey, Delia Grace, Ben Lukuyu and Cornelis F.M. de Lange at Tropentag 2015, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2015.
Nutrition for commercial broiler and layer productionEshamArman
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of poultry, specifically broilers and layers. It outlines the main nutrient components - protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. For energy, it defines different measurements and sources. Protein requirements are provided for different life stages of broilers and layers, along with sources of protein. Mineral and vitamin requirements are also outlined for broilers and layers. Accurate nutrient levels must be provided at different growth stages for optimal production and health of poultry.
This document summarizes a study on introducing Kuroiler chickens to rural households in Uganda to improve nutrition and incomes. A pilot trial found that under village scavenging conditions, Kuroiler chickens outperformed indigenous chickens, with higher growth rates, meat yields, and egg production. Farmers also preferred the taste and size of Kuroiler eggs and meat. Based on these results, a sponsored Kuroiler project aims to distribute the chickens to 100,000 rural families in Uganda to help reduce poverty and malnutrition through increased poultry production. The project estimates that Kuroiler flocks could generate substantially higher incomes than indigenous flocks from additional meat, eggs and spent hens sold.
The document discusses the concept of food sustainability. It introduces the idea of examining the full food chain from production to consumption and considering factors like resource use, environmental impacts, and social/economic effects. It provides examples of how various food items have large carbon footprints or water needs to be produced. The document advocates reducing food miles, waste, and resource intensity in food production to make it more sustainable.
The Facts; Busting the Grass-fed Beef MythsMark Moreno
Marketing claims that grass-fed beef is healthier or
more eco-friendly are a myth. Grain-fed and grassfed
beef are defined by production, marketing and
taste distinctions, not by nutritional or environmental
differences. The No. 1 reason consumers purchase beef
is taste. Grain-fed beef, like the Certified Angus Beef ®
brand, delivers the superior taste consumers desire.
US wheat production has increased dramatically since 1866, from 170 million bushels to 2.4 billion bushels in 2008. Acres of wheat planted and yield per acre have also increased significantly over this period. In 2008, over 41 billion pounds of flour was produced in the US, with per capita flour disappearance at 138.1 pounds per person. The wheat kernel contains three main parts - the endosperm, bran, and germ. Milling flour separates these parts to produce different types of flour suited for various baking applications.
Challenges in Feeding Birds in India - Knowledge Day 2016Poultry India
The document discusses feed and ingredient requirements in India from 2016 to 2025. Production of key ingredients like grains and oilmeals is projected to remain constant or decline, while requirements are expected to increase substantially. This would lead to a difficult situation meeting future demand through domestic supply. Quality of ingredients is also highly variable. Enhancing nutrient utilization and gut health is important to optimize performance within these constraints.
Understanding the Different Kinds of Beef in the MarketplaceMark Moreno
The U.S. beef industry offers products that appeal to potential
customers. It accomplishes this through fresh beef identified
by different USDA quality grades (Prime, Choice and Select),
company brands and production methods (conventional, natural,
grass-finished and organic).
The taste, texture, tenderness and other properties of products
carrying these designations can vary, and marketers may
capitalize on the attributes that objectively describe their
products and their production methods. That’s the nature
of marketing.
It is important, though, that proponents of these types of
production methods not misrepresent their beef or beef from
animals raised conventionally. To claim conventional beef
is inferior because it contains minute additional quantities
of certain chemicals (e.g., hormones or pesticides), when the
amounts are insignificant and proven safe by science is not
appropriate. To say that grass-finished beef is superior because
it contains minute additional quantities of certain chemicals
(e.g., conjugated linoleic acid or vitamin E) when it is not
reasonably possible to eat enough to improve personal health,
also is not appropriate.
The U.S. beef industry has a wide variety of types of beef from
which consumers can choose, all of which are safe, wholesome
and nutritious. Conventional, natural, grass-finished and organic
beef are defined by production and marketing distinctions, not
by nutritional or safety differences.
http://www.beefresearch.org/CMDocs/BeefResearch/Beef%20Choices.pdf
This document discusses broiler nutrition management. It covers basic nutritional components including water, amino acids, energy, vitamins and minerals. It discusses factors that affect nutrient content in feed such as ingredient quality and feed form. It also discusses key factors in selecting optimal diets such as raw material costs and market requirements. The document outlines different feed forms and the benefits of pelleted feed. It provides details on protein, energy, and micronutrient requirements. It discusses phase feeding programs and different diet types based on production objectives. Feed testing and withdrawal are also covered. The document concludes with notes on supplementing whole wheat feeding for broilers.
Nutrition for commercial broiler and layer productionEshamArman
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of poultry, specifically broilers and layers. It outlines the main nutrient components - protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. For energy, it defines different measurements and sources. Protein requirements are provided for different life stages of broilers and layers, along with sources of protein. Mineral and vitamin requirements are also outlined for broilers and layers. Accurate nutrient levels must be provided at different growth stages for optimal production and health of poultry.
This document summarizes a study on introducing Kuroiler chickens to rural households in Uganda to improve nutrition and incomes. A pilot trial found that under village scavenging conditions, Kuroiler chickens outperformed indigenous chickens, with higher growth rates, meat yields, and egg production. Farmers also preferred the taste and size of Kuroiler eggs and meat. Based on these results, a sponsored Kuroiler project aims to distribute the chickens to 100,000 rural families in Uganda to help reduce poverty and malnutrition through increased poultry production. The project estimates that Kuroiler flocks could generate substantially higher incomes than indigenous flocks from additional meat, eggs and spent hens sold.
The document discusses the concept of food sustainability. It introduces the idea of examining the full food chain from production to consumption and considering factors like resource use, environmental impacts, and social/economic effects. It provides examples of how various food items have large carbon footprints or water needs to be produced. The document advocates reducing food miles, waste, and resource intensity in food production to make it more sustainable.
The Facts; Busting the Grass-fed Beef MythsMark Moreno
Marketing claims that grass-fed beef is healthier or
more eco-friendly are a myth. Grain-fed and grassfed
beef are defined by production, marketing and
taste distinctions, not by nutritional or environmental
differences. The No. 1 reason consumers purchase beef
is taste. Grain-fed beef, like the Certified Angus Beef ®
brand, delivers the superior taste consumers desire.
US wheat production has increased dramatically since 1866, from 170 million bushels to 2.4 billion bushels in 2008. Acres of wheat planted and yield per acre have also increased significantly over this period. In 2008, over 41 billion pounds of flour was produced in the US, with per capita flour disappearance at 138.1 pounds per person. The wheat kernel contains three main parts - the endosperm, bran, and germ. Milling flour separates these parts to produce different types of flour suited for various baking applications.
Challenges in Feeding Birds in India - Knowledge Day 2016Poultry India
The document discusses feed and ingredient requirements in India from 2016 to 2025. Production of key ingredients like grains and oilmeals is projected to remain constant or decline, while requirements are expected to increase substantially. This would lead to a difficult situation meeting future demand through domestic supply. Quality of ingredients is also highly variable. Enhancing nutrient utilization and gut health is important to optimize performance within these constraints.
Understanding the Different Kinds of Beef in the MarketplaceMark Moreno
The U.S. beef industry offers products that appeal to potential
customers. It accomplishes this through fresh beef identified
by different USDA quality grades (Prime, Choice and Select),
company brands and production methods (conventional, natural,
grass-finished and organic).
The taste, texture, tenderness and other properties of products
carrying these designations can vary, and marketers may
capitalize on the attributes that objectively describe their
products and their production methods. That’s the nature
of marketing.
It is important, though, that proponents of these types of
production methods not misrepresent their beef or beef from
animals raised conventionally. To claim conventional beef
is inferior because it contains minute additional quantities
of certain chemicals (e.g., hormones or pesticides), when the
amounts are insignificant and proven safe by science is not
appropriate. To say that grass-finished beef is superior because
it contains minute additional quantities of certain chemicals
(e.g., conjugated linoleic acid or vitamin E) when it is not
reasonably possible to eat enough to improve personal health,
also is not appropriate.
The U.S. beef industry has a wide variety of types of beef from
which consumers can choose, all of which are safe, wholesome
and nutritious. Conventional, natural, grass-finished and organic
beef are defined by production and marketing distinctions, not
by nutritional or safety differences.
http://www.beefresearch.org/CMDocs/BeefResearch/Beef%20Choices.pdf
This document discusses broiler nutrition management. It covers basic nutritional components including water, amino acids, energy, vitamins and minerals. It discusses factors that affect nutrient content in feed such as ingredient quality and feed form. It also discusses key factors in selecting optimal diets such as raw material costs and market requirements. The document outlines different feed forms and the benefits of pelleted feed. It provides details on protein, energy, and micronutrient requirements. It discusses phase feeding programs and different diet types based on production objectives. Feed testing and withdrawal are also covered. The document concludes with notes on supplementing whole wheat feeding for broilers.
The document discusses a 2008 NACAA animal science seminar and tour that took place from July 10-12. It provides information about Smithfield Foods, noting that it is the #1 hog producer and largest pork processor in the world, with $12 billion in annual sales. At its Tar Heel plant, it processes 32,500 hogs per day over two shifts, five days a week, employing over 5,000 workers. Photos from the tour were taken by an extension regional livestock and forage specialist from Oregon State University.
The document discusses developments in nutrient requirements of chickens over the past five decades. Genetic selection has contributed 85-90% of production improvements, while advances in nutrition have contributed 10-15%. Precise nutrient requirements depend on bird genetics, sex, production stage, and environmental factors. Requirements have been defined by several agencies and continue to be refined. Advances include defining requirements for individual amino acids using the ideal protein concept, determining digestible nutrient levels in feed ingredients, and formulating least-cost diets. Future areas of focus are feed additives, alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and improving nutrient utilization efficiency.
(1) The document analyzes the nutritional composition of food waste to determine if it meets the nutritional requirements for pigs. Nutritional analyses found variances in fiber, protein, fat and ash content across different food waste samples. (2) Some food waste samples like Ta Med Da and Pantycelyn were high in nutrients and could potentially meet pigs' nutritional needs, reducing feed costs. (3) More research is needed to better understand the nutritional profiles of individual food waste ingredients and broader comparisons across different establishments to fully evaluate food waste's potential as an alternative for pig feed.
This document provides a recipe for homemade chicken nuggets. It lists the ingredients as breadcrumbs, mixed herbs, grated cheese, chicken breasts or thighs, flour, and an egg. The instructions explain how to cut the chicken into pieces, coat them in flour, egg and breadcrumb mixture, and then bake for 20 minutes until golden brown. Tips are provided for customizing the breadcrumbs and serving the chicken nuggets with a tomato salsa.
India's GDP from agriculture is 29 lakh crores rupees, with 18.24 lakh crores from pure agriculture, 6.24 lakh crores from livestock, 2.24 lakh crores from forestry, and 1.44 lakh crores from fisheries. Poultry is important for protein as India's population and food grain production has increased significantly but pulse production has only risen 39% over 50 years. However, India is protein deficient as the average diet focuses on carbohydrates. Meeting daily protein needs requires addressing challenges around land, water, grain inputs, energy use, environmental impacts, and consumer preferences for the poultry industry. More sustainable practices include solar energy, water harvesting
This document is a BSc biology dissertation that analyzes the nutritional content of waste food to determine if it meets the nutritional requirements of swine. The author collected waste food samples from various establishments and tested them to determine protein, fat, fiber and ash content. The results showed that samples from cafes and take-aways contained too much fat, while samples from restaurants and households were suitable for pigs. Historically, pig swill (waste food) was used to feed pigs and could help address issues of food waste and security if shown to meet pigs' nutritional needs. Strict controls would need to be in place to avoid disease transmission risks.
This document discusses the energy requirements and feeding practices for various poultry species. It begins by explaining that poultry rations are calculated based on metabolizable energy levels and that high energy cereal grains are the main energy sources. It then provides the metabolizable energy levels recommended for broiler starter, grower, and finisher rations. Subsequent sections provide information on the energy requirements and recommended feeding practices for laying hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and Japanese quail.
This document discusses poultry feeding, including facts to consider when formulating rations, nutrient requirements, and feeding practices for broilers and laying hens. Key points include that feed must contain all essential nutrients, requirements differ by age, and poultry depend on dietary sources of nutrients. Nutrient requirements discussed include energy, primarily from cereal grains and added fats; protein, using various plant and animal sources; and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and salt. Vitamin supplementation is also generally required. Feeding practices for broilers involve starter, grower, and finisher rations, while laying hens have higher energy, protein, calcium and other nutrient needs to support egg production.
9. us cattel production current approaches to brd in us feedlotsMerial EMEA
The document discusses cattle production and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in the US feedlot system. It notes that over 32 million beef cows and 5.6 million replacement heifers are raised on over 766,000 operations. Once weaned, calves are transported to feedlots in groups of around 100 head. There are around 1,800 large feedlots with over 1,000 head capacity that market over 90% of cattle. BRD is a major risk in feedlots, and treatment involves either mass metaphylactic treatment of high-risk calves upon arrival or selective treatment of sick calves identified by pen riders.
Distillers grains feeding recommendations for poultryMuhammad Eko
This document summarizes research on the use of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in poultry diets. Key points include:
- DDGS can be included at levels up to 10% for broilers, 15% for turkeys and layers, providing protein, energy and phosphorus. Higher levels may be used with proper diet formulation.
- DDGS has a metabolizable energy value of at least 1250 kcal/lb and digestible lysine content as high as 83%. It contributes pigmentation to eggs and meat.
- Research shows DDGS can replace up to 40% of soybean meal protein if amino acids are adjusted. Body weight and feed conversion are not affected
The document provides recipes for 10 keto-friendly dishes: 1) Keto Curry Spiked Tuna and Avocado Salad, 2) Keto Broccoli and Cheddar Frittata, 3) Keto Chicken Florentine, 4) Keto Sandwich Bread, 5) Keto Tiramisu Fat Bombs, 6) Keto Bacon and Kimchi Deviled Eggs, 7) Keto Cheese Biscuits, 8) Keto Chicken Taco Soup, 9) Keto No-Bake Chocolate Chip Cookies, and 10) Keto Strawberry Fat Bombs. Each recipe includes a list of ingredients and instructions for preparation, as well as nutritional information. The document introduces the
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
This document provides an overview of basic poultry nutrition, including important nutritional values, requirements that vary by stage of growth, and balancing nutritional needs. It discusses protein, energy, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and temperature adjustments. The appropriate feeds for different stages are outlined, such as starter feeds for young chickens, pullet and cockerel developer feeds, breeder layer feeds, and breeder holding feeds. Nutritional profiles are provided for sample feeds targeting different growth stages.
This document discusses Russ Wilson's family farm, Wilson Land & Cattle Co., which uses innovative grazing techniques such as grazing livestock on standing corn and cover crops. The farm raises several species of livestock and plants a diverse cover crop mix to improve soil health. Data showed that grazing livestock on standing corn and cover crops produced over 15,000 pounds of dry matter per acre at a relatively low cost, and provided significant savings and labor reductions compared to harvesting and feeding corn and hay. Soil tests also indicated increases in nutrients. The document provides recommendations for others interested in similar grazing methods.
Nutritional significance of cereals and legumes based food mix- A reviewSkyfox Publishing Group
Tertiary processed foods are commercially formulated foods designed for the ease of consumption. These foods are
mainly formulated using the refined flour which are lacking in one or more nutrients. Whole cereals and legumes found to possess
immense nutritional potentials which could complement one another if accurately processed and combined. Therefore, it is essential to
formulate composite blends and carry out scientific research to ascertain the nutritive adequacy of the cereal and legumes for possible
use as tertiary foods. The present study is therefore a part of an exploratory work towards this goal. The study emphasis on formulation
of tertiary processed foods with application of processing and drying methods using multicereals and legume combination. Successful
utilization of cereals and legumes with added functionality in snack food sector will definitely open up new dimensions to the food
industries.
This document discusses the growth and fattening potential of cattle and buffalo. It provides details from several studies on average daily weight gain, feed efficiency, and dressing percentage for different breeds in Pakistan such as Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. When provided optimal feeding including cottonseed cake, maize gluten, and molasses, average daily gain can be improved to over 800g per day allowing animals to gain up to 300kg. Proper feeding and management is necessary to maximize growth rates as uncontrolled grazing typically results in slower daily gains of only 450g.
neat is an egg replacement and breakfast mix made from all-natural ingredients like chia seeds, garbanzo beans, pecans, oats, and maple sugar. The neat egg mix can be used in recipes by adding water and the mix acts as an egg binder. The neat breakfast mix includes instructions to add water and eggs then cook it like ground sausage for a vegetarian option. Both products are soy free, gluten free, and contain no animal products.
This document discusses feeding management of poultry. It covers:
- The six major classes of nutrients required in poultry feed: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
- Energy, protein, fat, mineral, and vitamin requirements for poultry at different stages. Key requirements include methionine, calcium, phosphorus, and various vitamins.
- Factors that affect feed intake and efficiency like environmental temperature, health, genetics, and feed form.
- Different feeding systems for laying hens including all mash, pellets, and wet mash feeding.
Here are a few facts about cheese that are sure to pique one’s appetite. https://sites.google.com/site/geoffreymorell01/blogs/mouth-watering-facts-about-cheese
Potential contribution of biofortification & other nutrition interventions to...Frédéric Baudron
Diets in rural Zimbabwe tend to be inadequate in vitamin A. Scaling up pro-vitamin A (PVA) maize can contribute to alleviate the problem, but for most household, adequacy will only be reached if biofortification is combined with other nutrition interventions
The document discusses a 2008 NACAA animal science seminar and tour that took place from July 10-12. It provides information about Smithfield Foods, noting that it is the #1 hog producer and largest pork processor in the world, with $12 billion in annual sales. At its Tar Heel plant, it processes 32,500 hogs per day over two shifts, five days a week, employing over 5,000 workers. Photos from the tour were taken by an extension regional livestock and forage specialist from Oregon State University.
The document discusses developments in nutrient requirements of chickens over the past five decades. Genetic selection has contributed 85-90% of production improvements, while advances in nutrition have contributed 10-15%. Precise nutrient requirements depend on bird genetics, sex, production stage, and environmental factors. Requirements have been defined by several agencies and continue to be refined. Advances include defining requirements for individual amino acids using the ideal protein concept, determining digestible nutrient levels in feed ingredients, and formulating least-cost diets. Future areas of focus are feed additives, alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and improving nutrient utilization efficiency.
(1) The document analyzes the nutritional composition of food waste to determine if it meets the nutritional requirements for pigs. Nutritional analyses found variances in fiber, protein, fat and ash content across different food waste samples. (2) Some food waste samples like Ta Med Da and Pantycelyn were high in nutrients and could potentially meet pigs' nutritional needs, reducing feed costs. (3) More research is needed to better understand the nutritional profiles of individual food waste ingredients and broader comparisons across different establishments to fully evaluate food waste's potential as an alternative for pig feed.
This document provides a recipe for homemade chicken nuggets. It lists the ingredients as breadcrumbs, mixed herbs, grated cheese, chicken breasts or thighs, flour, and an egg. The instructions explain how to cut the chicken into pieces, coat them in flour, egg and breadcrumb mixture, and then bake for 20 minutes until golden brown. Tips are provided for customizing the breadcrumbs and serving the chicken nuggets with a tomato salsa.
India's GDP from agriculture is 29 lakh crores rupees, with 18.24 lakh crores from pure agriculture, 6.24 lakh crores from livestock, 2.24 lakh crores from forestry, and 1.44 lakh crores from fisheries. Poultry is important for protein as India's population and food grain production has increased significantly but pulse production has only risen 39% over 50 years. However, India is protein deficient as the average diet focuses on carbohydrates. Meeting daily protein needs requires addressing challenges around land, water, grain inputs, energy use, environmental impacts, and consumer preferences for the poultry industry. More sustainable practices include solar energy, water harvesting
This document is a BSc biology dissertation that analyzes the nutritional content of waste food to determine if it meets the nutritional requirements of swine. The author collected waste food samples from various establishments and tested them to determine protein, fat, fiber and ash content. The results showed that samples from cafes and take-aways contained too much fat, while samples from restaurants and households were suitable for pigs. Historically, pig swill (waste food) was used to feed pigs and could help address issues of food waste and security if shown to meet pigs' nutritional needs. Strict controls would need to be in place to avoid disease transmission risks.
This document discusses the energy requirements and feeding practices for various poultry species. It begins by explaining that poultry rations are calculated based on metabolizable energy levels and that high energy cereal grains are the main energy sources. It then provides the metabolizable energy levels recommended for broiler starter, grower, and finisher rations. Subsequent sections provide information on the energy requirements and recommended feeding practices for laying hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and Japanese quail.
This document discusses poultry feeding, including facts to consider when formulating rations, nutrient requirements, and feeding practices for broilers and laying hens. Key points include that feed must contain all essential nutrients, requirements differ by age, and poultry depend on dietary sources of nutrients. Nutrient requirements discussed include energy, primarily from cereal grains and added fats; protein, using various plant and animal sources; and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and salt. Vitamin supplementation is also generally required. Feeding practices for broilers involve starter, grower, and finisher rations, while laying hens have higher energy, protein, calcium and other nutrient needs to support egg production.
9. us cattel production current approaches to brd in us feedlotsMerial EMEA
The document discusses cattle production and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in the US feedlot system. It notes that over 32 million beef cows and 5.6 million replacement heifers are raised on over 766,000 operations. Once weaned, calves are transported to feedlots in groups of around 100 head. There are around 1,800 large feedlots with over 1,000 head capacity that market over 90% of cattle. BRD is a major risk in feedlots, and treatment involves either mass metaphylactic treatment of high-risk calves upon arrival or selective treatment of sick calves identified by pen riders.
Distillers grains feeding recommendations for poultryMuhammad Eko
This document summarizes research on the use of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in poultry diets. Key points include:
- DDGS can be included at levels up to 10% for broilers, 15% for turkeys and layers, providing protein, energy and phosphorus. Higher levels may be used with proper diet formulation.
- DDGS has a metabolizable energy value of at least 1250 kcal/lb and digestible lysine content as high as 83%. It contributes pigmentation to eggs and meat.
- Research shows DDGS can replace up to 40% of soybean meal protein if amino acids are adjusted. Body weight and feed conversion are not affected
The document provides recipes for 10 keto-friendly dishes: 1) Keto Curry Spiked Tuna and Avocado Salad, 2) Keto Broccoli and Cheddar Frittata, 3) Keto Chicken Florentine, 4) Keto Sandwich Bread, 5) Keto Tiramisu Fat Bombs, 6) Keto Bacon and Kimchi Deviled Eggs, 7) Keto Cheese Biscuits, 8) Keto Chicken Taco Soup, 9) Keto No-Bake Chocolate Chip Cookies, and 10) Keto Strawberry Fat Bombs. Each recipe includes a list of ingredients and instructions for preparation, as well as nutritional information. The document introduces the
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
This document provides an overview of basic poultry nutrition, including important nutritional values, requirements that vary by stage of growth, and balancing nutritional needs. It discusses protein, energy, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and temperature adjustments. The appropriate feeds for different stages are outlined, such as starter feeds for young chickens, pullet and cockerel developer feeds, breeder layer feeds, and breeder holding feeds. Nutritional profiles are provided for sample feeds targeting different growth stages.
This document discusses Russ Wilson's family farm, Wilson Land & Cattle Co., which uses innovative grazing techniques such as grazing livestock on standing corn and cover crops. The farm raises several species of livestock and plants a diverse cover crop mix to improve soil health. Data showed that grazing livestock on standing corn and cover crops produced over 15,000 pounds of dry matter per acre at a relatively low cost, and provided significant savings and labor reductions compared to harvesting and feeding corn and hay. Soil tests also indicated increases in nutrients. The document provides recommendations for others interested in similar grazing methods.
Nutritional significance of cereals and legumes based food mix- A reviewSkyfox Publishing Group
Tertiary processed foods are commercially formulated foods designed for the ease of consumption. These foods are
mainly formulated using the refined flour which are lacking in one or more nutrients. Whole cereals and legumes found to possess
immense nutritional potentials which could complement one another if accurately processed and combined. Therefore, it is essential to
formulate composite blends and carry out scientific research to ascertain the nutritive adequacy of the cereal and legumes for possible
use as tertiary foods. The present study is therefore a part of an exploratory work towards this goal. The study emphasis on formulation
of tertiary processed foods with application of processing and drying methods using multicereals and legume combination. Successful
utilization of cereals and legumes with added functionality in snack food sector will definitely open up new dimensions to the food
industries.
This document discusses the growth and fattening potential of cattle and buffalo. It provides details from several studies on average daily weight gain, feed efficiency, and dressing percentage for different breeds in Pakistan such as Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. When provided optimal feeding including cottonseed cake, maize gluten, and molasses, average daily gain can be improved to over 800g per day allowing animals to gain up to 300kg. Proper feeding and management is necessary to maximize growth rates as uncontrolled grazing typically results in slower daily gains of only 450g.
neat is an egg replacement and breakfast mix made from all-natural ingredients like chia seeds, garbanzo beans, pecans, oats, and maple sugar. The neat egg mix can be used in recipes by adding water and the mix acts as an egg binder. The neat breakfast mix includes instructions to add water and eggs then cook it like ground sausage for a vegetarian option. Both products are soy free, gluten free, and contain no animal products.
This document discusses feeding management of poultry. It covers:
- The six major classes of nutrients required in poultry feed: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
- Energy, protein, fat, mineral, and vitamin requirements for poultry at different stages. Key requirements include methionine, calcium, phosphorus, and various vitamins.
- Factors that affect feed intake and efficiency like environmental temperature, health, genetics, and feed form.
- Different feeding systems for laying hens including all mash, pellets, and wet mash feeding.
Here are a few facts about cheese that are sure to pique one’s appetite. https://sites.google.com/site/geoffreymorell01/blogs/mouth-watering-facts-about-cheese
Potential contribution of biofortification & other nutrition interventions to...Frédéric Baudron
Diets in rural Zimbabwe tend to be inadequate in vitamin A. Scaling up pro-vitamin A (PVA) maize can contribute to alleviate the problem, but for most household, adequacy will only be reached if biofortification is combined with other nutrition interventions
Development of balanced diets using local feeds for smallholder East African ...ILRI
Poster by Natalie Carter, Catherine E. Dewey, Delia Grace, Ben Lukuyu, Sally Humphries and Cornelis F.M. de Lange presented at the 10th annual summit of "Universities Fighting World Hunger", Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 20-22 February 2015.
Dr. Roger Cady - Sustainability Research Review: EnoughJohn Blue
Sustainability Research Review: Enough - Dr. Roger Cady, Sr. Technical Consultant, Global Sustainability Lead, Elanco, from the 2016 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), October 5 - 6, 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2016-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
This document discusses sustainable livestock and crop production. It begins with definitions of sustainability in agriculture. It then describes several sustainability initiatives and certification programs in Canada including the Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, and Sustainable Agriculture Initiative Platform. The rest of the document focuses on describing a theoretical model sustainable farm in Ontario with details on its crop rotations, livestock species included, feed requirements, manure and nutrient outputs, and protein production potentials of different livestock combinations.
With the emerging concern on environmental cost more specifically greenhouse gas emission related with conventional livestock rearing for meat has come to a problematic situation. Therefore, animal scientists and human nutritionists collectively try to develop a new trend of rearing non-conventional livestock for meat purposes. Some of the non conventional species are already being exploited to commercial levels. This presentation attempts to discuss some key points about non conventional livestock in a brief and simple manner.
This document provides information on feeding cattle and buffalo, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like ration, balanced ration, concentrate, and roughage.
2. Guidelines for formulating balanced rations including determining nutrient requirements, understanding feed composition, and combining feeds to meet animal requirements.
3. Details on calculating nutrient requirements for maintenance, production, pregnancy, growth, and examples of such calculations.
4. Information on feedstuff composition and examples of nutrient profiles of common feeds.
5. Overview of formulating balanced rations by partitioning feeds into roughages and concentrates.
This document discusses sustainable agriculture and the role of livestock in food security. It presents several metrics for comparing the sustainability of different livestock production systems and meat types, including their nutritional quality, greenhouse gas emissions, arable land use, and impacts on soil health. Several key points are made: (1) Grass-fed beef production provides meat with higher nutritional quality than concentrate-fed beef in some metrics; (2) Accounting for nutritional quality can change the rankings of production systems based on metrics like greenhouse gas emissions; (3) Different livestock have varying impacts on metrics like arable land use and nutrient provision per unit of land. The document advocates developing nuanced, "fit-for-purpose" metrics to properly evaluate livestock's
Profit through adopting technology in dairy herdsJack Britt
This document discusses strategies to improve milk yield and profit through genetics, biotechnology, and herd management. It provides information on selecting high net merit bulls, crossbreeding to improve fertility and health, using genomic screening to identify top cows and bulls, and using somatotropin to increase milk yield profitably. Timed artificial insemination protocols like Ovsynch and sexed semen are discussed. Herd management strategies focus on transition cow management, milking frequency, mastitis prevention, and minimizing peripartum problems to improve fertility.
Silage- and forage-based diets compared to commercial diets in Ugandan pig gr...ILRI
Poster by Natalie Carter, Cate Dewey, Delia Grace and Kees de Lange presented at the 24th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Dublin, Ireland, 7–10 June 2016.
Leveraging food-based recommendations for women and children in Nairobi slums...ILRI
Poster prepared by P. Dominguez-Salas, P. Alarcon, S. Alonso, K. Colverson, L. Cornelsen, E. Ferguson, E. Fèvre, D. Grace, B. Häsler and J. Rushton for the Workshop on Emergency Nutrition Network Technical Meeting on Nutrition, Oxford, UK, 7-9 October 2014.
The Maternal Productivity Project aims to determine the impact of selection for body composition and net feed intake (NFI) on breeding herd efficiency under different nutritional environments in temperate Australia. The project uses Angus and Hereford cattle from research herds in Western Australia and South Australia that have been selected to diverge in fatness or NFI. Preliminary results show genetically fatter cows were heavier but leaner cows had poorer reproduction, especially under low nutrition. Selection for body composition and NFI was found to impact cow fatness but not birth or weaning weights of calves. No effects of cow genotype were found on reproductive performance but nutrition affected weaning weights.
The Maternal Productivity Project aims to determine the impact of selection for body composition and net feed intake (NFI) on breeding herd efficiency under different nutritional environments in temperate Australia. The project uses Angus and Hereford cattle from research herds in Western Australia and South Australia that have been selected to diverge in fatness or NFI. Preliminary results show genetically fatter cows were heavier but leaner cows had poorer reproduction, especially under low nutrition. Selection for body composition and NFI was associated with changes in cow fatness but had no effect on calf birth weight or weaning weight. The project will continue to evaluate the lines over multiple years and calving seasons.
The Maternal Productivity Project aimed to study the impact of selection for body composition and net feed intake (NFI) on breeding herd efficiency under different nutritional environments. The project involved divergent lines of Angus and Hereford cattle selected for increased or decreased fatness and NFI. Animals were measured at two research stations with different nutritional levels. Preliminary results found genetically fatter cows appeared more fertile, especially under low nutrition. Selection for body composition was consistent across seasons and treatments. Cow fatness and NFI EBV had no effect on calf weaning weight. Selection for NFI was associated with changes in cow fatness. The study of these lines is ongoing to evaluate the effects on breeding herd efficiency under varying conditions.
The document discusses the iterative two-step clinical nutrition process of assessing a patient and developing a feeding plan. It covers assessing factors like medical history, diagnostics, and body condition scoring. It then reviews basic nutrients like water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Finally, it discusses considering life stage, lifestyle, and health conditions when developing individualized feeding plans.
The document discusses the iterative two-step clinical nutrition process for assessing an animal patient and developing a feeding plan. It covers assessing factors like medical history, diagnostics, physical exam and body condition scoring. It then reviews basic nutrients including water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. It discusses calculating energy requirements and provides an example calculation for an animal. It also covers different life stages, life styles and managing obesity.
Student Managed Farm Dairy Unit Final Presentation - April 2014Lakeland College
2nd year students in Lakeland College's animal science technology program take a Student Managed Farm class. Lakeland's Student Managed Farm - powered by New Holland has both livestock and crop sides. The livestock side is further broken down into commercial beef, dairy, purebred beef and sheep units. This is the final presentation of the 2013-14 dairy unit.
Dr. Joe Cassady - Effects of preweaning factors on sow lifetime productivityJohn Blue
Effects of preweaning factors on sow lifetime productivity - Dr. Joe Cassady, from the 2012 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2012-leman-swine-conference-material
Jose Roberto Peres - Enough Beef Now and into the Future: Global Beef Balance...John Blue
In Português - Enough Beef Now and into the Future: Global Beef Balance Trends - Jose Roberto Peres, Cattle Unit Director, Elanco - Brasil, from the 2014 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), November 2 -5, 2014, São Paulo, Brazil.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
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The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
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II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
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Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
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Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Increasing smallholder pig farmers' adaptive capacity: Low-cost balanced diets for East African pigs using livestock and plant co-products
1. Increasing smallholder pig farmers'
adaptive capacity: Low-cost balanced diets
for East African pigs using livestock and
plant co-products
Natalie Carter1,2, Catherine Dewey1, Delia Grace2,
Ben Lukuyu2 and Cornelis F.M. de Lange1
1University of Guelph 2International Livestock Research Institute
Tropentag 2015, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2015
2. Central Region, Uganda
Western Province, Kenya
Photo: N.Carter
Central Region
Uganda
www.geology.com
explorersworldtravel.us;
Western Province,
Kenya
3. Photo ILRI,
Photo ILRI
Pork consumption increased ten-fold in past 30 years
Pig population increased from 200,000 to 3.2 million (UBOS 2011)
Photo N.Carter
4. , Dewey et al. 2011
• > 30% of East Africans are under-nourished (faostat.org)
• Pork production = income and animal source protein
Photo doomsteaddiner.org, Photo N.Carter
Photo N.Carter
5. Photo: N.Carter
Average daily gain is low
(130 + 2 grams/day)
Carter, N. A., Dewey, C., Mutua, F., de Lange, C., & Grace, D. Tropical Animal
Health and Production. 2013;45 (7), 1533-1538.
Photo: C. Dewey
6. Rationale
• Pigs growing slowly
lack feed and balanced diets
expensive commercial feed
seasonal feed shortages and surpluses
inadequate storage of surplus
people and pigs compete for same food (Mutua et al. 2011; Mutua et al.
2012; Kagira et al. 2010)
• Below-potential earnings
• Better growth = more income (Levy et al. 2014)
• Low-cost balanced diets – seasonal, local, co-products, free (Levy et al.
2014)
• Randomized control study
Levy, M., Dewey, C., Weersink, A., Mutua, F., Carter, N., Poljak, Zvonimir.
Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2014;46 (5), 797-808.
14. Growth study
Masaka, Uganda
• 3 diets
• Diet randomly assigned to
pen –10 pens per diet
• Pigs randomly assigned to
pen
• Each pen - 3 pigs of same
sex and breed (n=90)
• Local and crossbreed
• Crossbreed = local crossed
with Landrace and/or Large
White and/or Camborough
Photo: E. Smith
15. Growth study-
Masaka, Uganda
Local breed pigs fed silage-based
diet
• Weighed every 21 days
• 65 to 230 days of age
• Mean starting bodyweight
did not differ between diets
• Commercial 6.8 + 2.12 kg
• Forage-based 7.0 + 3.2 kg
• Silage-based 6.7 + 1.9 kg
t-test (p>0.5) Photo: N.Carter
16. Average daily gain (g/day)
newly–weaned vs. finisher
65 to 107 days of age 199 to 230 days of age
Variable Coefficient P value Coefficient P value
Interceptc 224 - 503 -
Commercial diet
(referent)
- - - -
Silage-based versus
commercial diet
-243 <0.001 - NS
Weight at start of
weigh period (kg)
10 0.008 4 0.004
Local breed versus
crossbreed
- - -95 0.002
Adjusted r2 0.8177 0.8433
17. Average daily gain (g/day)
newly-weaned pigs
Diet and
(bodyweight
(BW) range
(kg))
Mean BW
(kg)
65 days
old
Mean
BW (kg)
86 days
old
Mean
ADG
65 - 86
days old
Mean
BW (kg)
107
days old
Mean
ADG
86 - 107
days old
Mean
BW (kg)
127
days old
Mean
ADG
107 -
127
days old
Mean
BW (kg)
140
days old
Mean
ADG
127 - 140
days old
Commercial
lightest 1/3
(4 to 5.2)
4.6 7.9 154 15.0 342 22.8 371 26.3 268
Silage-based
lightest 1/3
(3.2 to 5.9)
4.7 4.5 -8 5.1 30 7.4 107 9.2 142
20. Conclusions
• Suitable feedstuffs available
• Seasonal shortages and human/pig competition
• Silage-diet heavier (9.2 kg) pigs can achieve good growth
Photo: C. Dewey
21. Conclusions
• Enable pigs to have better growth
than is currently happening
• Enable farmers to feed pigs even
during seasonal shortages,
weather shocks
• Improve well-being of pigs
• Improve resilience and well-being
smallholder farm families
Photo: N. CarterPhoto: ILRI
22. Acknowledgements
Dr. Cate Dewey
Dr. Kees de Lange
Dr. Sally Humphries
Dr. Delia Grace
Dr. Ben Lukuyu
Karen Richardson
Dr. Florence Mutua
Dr. Eliza Smith
Dr. Hector Martinez
Julia (Culian) Zhu
Village elders, farmers, research assistants
Governments of Kenya and Uganda
300-400kms Lake Victoria
Identified by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) as area with both high poverty levels and high pig population (Thornton et al. 2002; Ouma et al. 2014).
Need less land than bigger animals, less feed, less water, better feed efficiency (i.e. gain more per kg of feed consumed) than larger animals, culturally they are the domain of women and youth. African woman smallholder farmer about my age once told me that when she sold her first pig it was the first time in her life she had her own money to spend as she pleased.
This is important because there are many widows and orphans due to high prevalence of HIV AIDS in this area and that many of them are resource-poor. Moreover women rarely own land in East Africa it is ideal that pigs require less land and less inputs.
Seeds improve farms diversify resilience
Better growth = better economic outcomes because total feeding costs would be lower (Levy et al. 2014).
Many farmers are feeding diets that meet only the maintenance needs of a pig of a given size. Therefore the pig is unable to grow well. Hence the feed costs are high because the farmer is only feeding to maintain the pigs’ weight and not to enable pig growth (Levy et al. 2014b).
MOVE THESE TO PICTURES IF IT FITS AND REMOVE WORDS HERE
Test diets in a controlled study local and crossbreed east African pigs to assess their efficacy and to determine the growth potential of east African pigs that are similar to those raised on smallholder farms.
The sample size requirement was calculated using a 2-sample t-test comparison with 80% power to detect a significant difference in per pen weight gain per day of 20 grams at the 5% confidence level. Variance of gain per day was estimated to be 240 grams. Ten pens per diet were required and each pen contained three pigs as replicates.
More barrows (54) were used than gilts (36) because there were 5 pens per breed type so sexes could not be equally divided among pens.
The breed composition of the sire and dam of each pig was determined by farmer recall because production records did not exist.
Social and economic viability, seasonality, gender norms re decision making re pig care, sales, and how the money is spent, distribution of labour,