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![From Calling Conventions to Procedures
calc:
push eBP ; save old frame pointer
mov eBP,eSP ; get new frame pointer
sub eSP,localsize ; reserve place for locals
.
. ; perform calculations, leave result in AX
.
mov eSP,eBP ; free space for locals
pop eBP ; restore old frame pointer
ret paramsize ; free parameter space and return
push eAX ; pass some register result
push byte[eBP+20] ; pass some memory variable (FASM/TASM syntax)
push 3 ; pass some constant
call calc ; the returned result is now in eAX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention
f(x) { ... } f(e1,e2,...,en)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/in4308-1-110204033305-phpapp01/85/IN4308-1-8-320.jpg)
![From Malloc/Free to Automatic Memory Management
/* Allocate space for an array with ten elements of type int. */
int *ptr = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof (int));
if (ptr == NULL) {
/* Memory could not be allocated, the program
should handle the error here as appropriate. */
} else {
/* Allocation succeeded. Do something. */
free(ptr); /* We are done with the int objects,
and free the associated pointer. */
ptr = NULL; /* The pointer must not be used again,
unless re-assigned to using malloc again. */
}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malloc
int [] = new int[10];
/* use it; gc will clean up (hopefully) */](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/in4308-1-110204033305-phpapp01/85/IN4308-1-9-320.jpg)
Uploaded byEelco Visser
IN4308 1
The document discusses an introductory course on model-driven software development, covering topics such as programming languages, machine language, and domain-specific languages (DSLs). It outlines the concept of models as simplifications of systems and emphasizes the importance of abstraction in programming. The course aims to teach students about the design and implementation of DSLs through lectures, projects, and essays.
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IN4308 1
- 1. Model-Driven Software Development Lecture1: Introduction & Overview Course IN4308 Eelco Visser Master Computer Science http://eelcovisser.org Delft University of Technology
- 2. Source: Automatiseringsgids January16, 2010 “Generator spits out ‘mobile’ applications” “Steape has developed a code generator that automatically generates code for a range of mobile phones”
- 3. Software Engineering implement Problem Solution Domain Domain validate
- 4.
- 5. Programming Languages "A programminglanguage is low level when its programs require attention to the irrelevant." Alan J. Perlis. Epigrams on Programming. SIGPLAN Notices, 17(9):7-13, 1982.
- 6. Machine Language toAssembly Language Program I-I. Disassembly. ., 0360 A9 01 LDA #$01 ., 0362 A0 00 LDY #$00 “Let's examine some advantages ., 0364 99 00 80 STA $8000,Y of ML, starting with the main ., 0367 99 00 81 STA $8100,Y one - ML runs extremely fast.” ., 036A 99 00 82 STA $8200,Y ., 036D 99 00 83 STA $8300,Y ., 0370 C8 INY ., 0371 D0 F1 BNE $0364 ., 0373 60 RTS . Machine Language 169 1 160 0 153 0 128 153 0 129 153 130 153 0 131 200 208 241 96 BASIC 5 FOR I=1 TO 1000: PRINT "A";: NEXT I Source: http://www.atariarchives.org/mlb/introduction.php
- 7. From Instructions toExpressions mov &a, &c c = a add &b, &c c += b mov &a, &t1 t1 = a sub &b, &t1 t1 -= b and &t1,&c c &= t1 c = (a + b) & (a - b) Source: http://sites.google.com/site/arch1utep/home/course_outline/translating-complex-expressions-into-assembly-language-using-expression-trees
- 8. From Calling Conventionsto Procedures calc: push eBP ; save old frame pointer mov eBP,eSP ; get new frame pointer sub eSP,localsize ; reserve place for locals . . ; perform calculations, leave result in AX . mov eSP,eBP ; free space for locals pop eBP ; restore old frame pointer ret paramsize ; free parameter space and return push eAX ; pass some register result push byte[eBP+20] ; pass some memory variable (FASM/TASM syntax) push 3 ; pass some constant call calc ; the returned result is now in eAX http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention f(x) { ... } f(e1,e2,...,en)
- 9. From Malloc/Free toAutomatic Memory Management /* Allocate space for an array with ten elements of type int. */ int *ptr = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof (int)); if (ptr == NULL) { /* Memory could not be allocated, the program should handle the error here as appropriate. */ } else { /* Allocation succeeded. Do something. */ free(ptr); /* We are done with the int objects, and free the associated pointer. */ ptr = NULL; /* The pointer must not be used again, unless re-assigned to using malloc again. */ } http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malloc int [] = new int[10]; /* use it; gc will clean up (hopefully) */
- 10. Abstractions in ProgrammingLanguages ❖ Structured control-flow ★ if-then-else, while ❖ Procedural abstraction ★ procedures, first-class functions (closures) ❖ Memory management ★ garbage collection ❖ Data abstraction ★ abstract data types, objects ❖ Modules ★ inheritance, traits, mixins
- 11. Abstractions in ProgrammingLanguages Abstraction Scala garbage collection objects Programming Languages expressions structured control-flow procedures machine
- 12. Linguistic Abstraction design abstraction language A language B use new abstraction identify pattern
- 13. What is theNext Level of Abstraction? High-level languages reduce problem/solution gap Problem HLL Machine Domain
- 14. Do HLLs EliminateAll Irrelevant Detail? What about ❖ data persistence ❖ data services ❖ concurrency ❖ distribution ❖ access control ❖ data invariants ❖ workflow ❖ ...
- 15. What is theNext Level of Abstraction? High-level languages reduce problem/solution gap Problem HLL Machine Domain
- 16. Model-Driven Software Development Problem Model HLL Machine Domain models further reduce gap between problem domain and implementation
- 17. What is amodel?
- 18. What is amodel? model thing abstraction of thing abstraction = forgetting details
- 19. What is amodel? “A model is a simplification of a system built with an intended goal in mind. The model should be able to answer questions in place of the actual system.” Jean Bézivin “A model is an abstraction of a (real or language based) system allowing predictions or inferences to be made.” Kuehne “Models help in developing artefacts by providing information about the consequences of building those artefacts before they are actually made.” Ludewig “A model of a system is a description or specification of that system and its environment for some certain purpose.” OMG
- 20. What is amodel? A model ❖ is a simplification of a system ★ abstraction, description, specification, information ❖ can answer questions in place of actual system ★ analysis, inference, predictions ❖ is used for a purpose ★ understanding, planing, risk analysis, ...
- 21. A model isa UML diagram simplification? analysis? purpose?
- 22. What is amodel about? ❖ Structure ★ Data ★ Architecture ★ Configuration ❖ Behaviour ★ User interface ★ Access control ★ Business process ❖ About any aspects of a system
- 23. A model canbe a UML diagram ...
- 24. A model canbe a UML diagram ... ... but it can be any other representation ... e = x | e + e | e - e | f(e,...,e) ... that serves the purpose of abstraction, analysis, etc.
- 25. For what purposesare models used? Description ❖ of something that exists Analysis ❖ understanding of properties Blueprint ❖ guidelines to build something Specification ❖ precise instruction for construction (code gen)
- 26. Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) Visionfrom OMG ❖ Models at different level of abstraction ★ Platform Independent Model (PIM) ★ Platform Specific Model (PSM) ❖ Model transformation ★ e.g. PIM to PSM to implementation ★ transformations not necessarily automatic ❖ UML as standard modeling language ★ models are ‘visual’ or ‘graphical’
- 27. ‘Formal Methods’ FormalMethods Logic Problem HLL Machine Domain
- 28. A Critique ofMDA & Formal Methods General purpose modeling languages ❖ High coverage ★ large class of software systems ❖ Low expressivity ★ irrelevant details ★ Requirements/implementation gap not reduced
- 29. Domain-Specific Languages Problem DSL HLL Machine Domain domain-specific languages: models specialized to an application domain
- 30. DSLs Provide Domain-Specific... Abstractions ★ directly represent domain concepts Concrete syntax ★ natural notation Optimization ★ based on domain assumptions Error checking ★ report errors in terms of domain concepts Tool support ★ interpreter, compiler, code generator, IDE
- 31. Example Domain-Specific Languages(1) Spreadsheet ★ formulas, macros Querying ★ SQL, XQuery, XPath Graph layout ★ GraphViz Web ★ HTML, CSS, RSS, XML, XSLT ★ Ruby/Rails, JSP, ASP, JSF, WebDSL
- 32. Example Domain-Specific Languages(2) Games ★ Lua, UnrealScript Modeling ★ UML, OCL, QVT Language processing ★ YACC, LEX, RegExp, ANTLR, SDF ★ TXL, ASF+SDF, Stratego
- 33. Transformation Transformation Model analysis Model migration Model construct extract System
- 34. External DSL Dedicated language ★ independent of host/target language (portable) ★ implementation with interpreter or compiler Advantages ★ language tuned to domain ★ domain-specific errors, analysis, optimizations Disadvantages ★ cost of learning new language ★ cost of maintaining language
- 35. Internal DSL Library inHLL ★ Haskell, Scala, Ruby, ... ★ API is language ★ language features for ‘linguistic abstraction’ Advantages ★ host language = implementation language Disadvantages ★ host language = implementation language (encoding) ★ lack of portability ★ no domain-specific errors, analysis, optimization
- 36. Course Goal Course Goal Learn to design and implement domain-specific languages Understand DSL design choices and make reasoned decisions about their application
- 37. The Linguistic AbstractionProcess Application DSL Domain domain analysis language definition Programming abstraction Language Patterns Design
- 38. Course Ingredients Lectures* (15x) Designs (2x) Essay (1x) *we have 15 slots for lectures; we don’t need to use them all
- 39. Quarter 3 (February - March 2011) Software Development with Domain-Specific Languages
- 40. Extension and Evolutionof DSLs Model generate customize Code Lecture 2
- 41. WebDSL: a DSLfor Web Programming Lecture 4
- 42. Mobl: a DSLfor Mobile Web Applications Lecture 4
- 43. A Reactive State-BasedDSL for Fountain Control Guest Lecture by Markus Voelter Lectures 5
- 44. Automated Coupled DataEvolution Guest Lecture by Sander Vermolen Lectures 6
- 45. Domain-Driven Design Guest Lecture by André Boonzaaijer (Sogyo) Lectures 7
- 46. Design1: Software Developmentwith DSLs Facebook ❖ Status updates selectively accessible to friends ❖ Web application in WebDSL ❖ Mobile application in mobl connected to web app using services ❖ Work in group of 2 to 4 students Deadline: April 7 ❖ submit code and arrange demonstration
- 47. Quarter 4 (April - May 2011) Design and Implementation of Domain-Specific Languages
- 48. Spoofax: a DSLfor Editor Services Lecture 8
- 49. SDF: a DSLfor Syntax Definition Lecture 8
- 50. Stratego: a DSLfor Transformation Lecture 9
- 51. Code Generation Techniquesand Applications Code Generation ❖ Print statements ❖ String composition ❖ Template engines ❖ String interpolation ❖ Abstract syntax ❖ Concrete object syntax Embedded DSLs ❖ MetaBorg, StringBorg Lecture 10
- 52. Advanced Topics ❖ Portability ★ supporting multiple platforms ❖ Internal DSLs ★ library as a language ❖ Language composition ★ combining multiple DSLs ❖ Economics ★ costs and benefits of developing (with) DSLs Lectures 11-15
- 53. Design 2: Designand Implementation of DSLs Design and implement a DSL with Spoofax ❖ use rule-based DSLs for language definition ❖ create full fledged IDE You propose web app and language to design ❖ (We can give tips if you’re stuck) ❖ Deadline for proposal: March 22
- 54. Essay: Individual WritingProject Read ❖ recommended papers ❖ http://researchr.org/bibliography/mdsd Write ❖ a paper about software development with and of domain-specific languages. ★ Reflect on your experience in design projects ★ Reflect on the literature you’ve read
- 55. Grading final grade = ❖0.35 * design1 ❖ 0.4 * design2 ❖ 0.25 * essay all grades should be >= 6
- 56. Feedback I’d like toget feedback early; not when it is too late to fix
- 57. Schedule Read ❖ Czarnecki: Overviewof Generative Development ❖ Muller et al.: Modeling Modeling Lecture 2 (February 3) ❖ Extension and evolution of DSLs Lecture 3 (February 8) ❖ WebDSL: a DSL for Web Programming Lecture 4 (February 10) ❖ Mobl: a DSL for Mobile Web Applications