![From Calling Conventions to Procedures
calc:
push eBP ; save old frame pointer
mov eBP,eSP ; get new frame pointer
sub eSP,localsize ; reserve place for locals
.
. ; perform calculations, leave result in AX
.
mov eSP,eBP ; free space for locals
pop eBP ; restore old frame pointer
ret paramsize ; free parameter space and return
push eAX ; pass some register result
push byte[eBP+20] ; pass some memory variable (FASM/TASM syntax)
push 3 ; pass some constant
call calc ; the returned result is now in eAX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention
f(x) { ... } f(e1,e2,...,en)
Wednesday, February 3, 2010](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mdsd01-introduction-100203080105-phpapp02/85/Model-Driven-Software-Development-Introduction-Overview-10-320.jpg)
![From Malloc/Free to Automatic Memory Management
/* Allocate space for an array with ten elements of type int. */
int *ptr = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof (int));
if (ptr == NULL) {
/* Memory could not be allocated, the program
should handle the error here as appropriate. */
} else {
/* Allocation succeeded. Do something. */
free(ptr); /* We are done with the int objects,
and free the associated pointer. */
ptr = NULL; /* The pointer must not be used again,
unless re-assigned to using malloc again. */
}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malloc
int [] = new int[10];
/* use it; gc will clean up (hopefully) */
Wednesday, February 3, 2010](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mdsd01-introduction-100203080105-phpapp02/85/Model-Driven-Software-Development-Introduction-Overview-11-320.jpg)
![Grading
design := 0.4 * design1 + 0.6 * design2
exam := if(exam1 >= 6) {
(exam1 + exam2)/2 }
} else { exam2 }
case := average(i : 1 to 6) { case[i] }
final := 0.4 * design + 0.2 * case + 0.4 * exam
pass := design1 >= 6 && design2 >= 6 && exam >= 6
&& [c | c in case where c >= 6].length >= 4
Wednesday, February 3, 2010](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mdsd01-introduction-100203080105-phpapp02/85/Model-Driven-Software-Development-Introduction-Overview-59-320.jpg)
Uploaded byEelco Visser
Model-Driven Software Development - Introduction & Overview
The document outlines a lecture on model-driven software development, covering topics such as programming languages, model abstraction, and domain-specific languages (DSLs). It discusses the course structure, including lectures, projects, and exams, aiming to teach students how to design and implement DSLs effectively. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of models in reducing the gap between problem domains and implementations.
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Model-Driven Software Development - Introduction & Overview
- 1. Model-Driven Software Development Lecture1: Introduction & Overview Course IN4308 Eelco Visser Master Computer Science http://eelcovisser.org Delft University of Technology Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 2. Source: Automatiseringsgids January16, 2010 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 3. Source: Automatiseringsgids January16, 2010 “Generator spits out ‘mobile’ applications” “Steape has developed a code generator that automatically generates code for a range of mobile phones” Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 4. Software Engineering implement Problem Solution Domain Domain validate Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 5.
- 6. "A programming languageis low level when its programs require attention to the irrelevant." Alan J. Perlis. Epigrams on Programming. SIGPLAN Notices, 17(9):7-13, 1982. Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 7. What do programminglanguages provide to reduce attention to the irrelevan? Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 8. Machine Language toAssembly Language Program I-I. Disassembly. ., 0360 A9 01 LDA #$01 ., 0362 A0 00 LDY #$00 “Let's examine some advantages ., 0364 99 00 80 STA $8000,Y of ML, starting with the main ., 0367 99 00 81 STA $8100,Y one - ML runs extremely fast.” ., 036A 99 00 82 STA $8200,Y ., 036D 99 00 83 STA $8300,Y ., 0370 C8 INY ., 0371 D0 F1 BNE $0364 ., 0373 60 RTS . Machine Language 169 1 160 0 153 0 128 153 0 129 153 130 153 0 131 200 208 241 96 BASIC 5 FOR I=1 TO 1000: PRINT "A";: NEXT I Source: http://www.atariarchives.org/mlb/introduction.php Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 9. From Instructions toExpressions mov &a, &c c = a add &b, &c c += b mov &a, &t1 t1 = a sub &b, &t1 t1 -= b and &t1,&c c &= t1 c = (a + b) & (a - b) Source: http://sites.google.com/site/arch1utep/home/course_outline/translating-complex-expressions-into-assembly-language-using-expression-trees Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 10. From Calling Conventionsto Procedures calc: push eBP ; save old frame pointer mov eBP,eSP ; get new frame pointer sub eSP,localsize ; reserve place for locals . . ; perform calculations, leave result in AX . mov eSP,eBP ; free space for locals pop eBP ; restore old frame pointer ret paramsize ; free parameter space and return push eAX ; pass some register result push byte[eBP+20] ; pass some memory variable (FASM/TASM syntax) push 3 ; pass some constant call calc ; the returned result is now in eAX http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention f(x) { ... } f(e1,e2,...,en) Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 11. From Malloc/Free toAutomatic Memory Management /* Allocate space for an array with ten elements of type int. */ int *ptr = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof (int)); if (ptr == NULL) { /* Memory could not be allocated, the program should handle the error here as appropriate. */ } else { /* Allocation succeeded. Do something. */ free(ptr); /* We are done with the int objects, and free the associated pointer. */ ptr = NULL; /* The pointer must not be used again, unless re-assigned to using malloc again. */ } http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malloc int [] = new int[10]; /* use it; gc will clean up (hopefully) */ Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 12. Abstractions in ProgammingLanguages - Structured control-flow ★ if-then-else, while - Procedural abstraction ★ procedures, first-class functions (closures) - Memory management ★ garbage collection - Data abstraction ★ abstract data types, objects - Modules ★ inheritance, traits, mixins Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 13. Abstraction Scala garbage collection objects Programming Languages expressions structured control-flow procedures machine Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 14. Linguistic Abstraction design abstraction language A language B use new abstraction identify pattern Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 15. High-level languages reduceproblem/solution gap Problem HLL Machine Domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 16. Do HLLs eliminateall irrelevant detail? What about - data persistence - data services - concurrency - distribution - access control - data invariants - workflow - ... Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 17. What is thenext level of abstraction? Problem HLL Machine Domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 18. Model-Driven Software Development Problem Model HLL Machine Domain models further reduce gap between problem domain and implementation Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 19. What is amodel? Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 20. What is amodel? model thing abstraction of thing abstraction = forgetting details Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 21. What is amodel? “A model is a simplification of a system built with an intended goal in mind. The model should be able to answer questions in place of the actual system.” Jean Bézivin Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 22. What is amodel? “A model is an abstraction of a (real or language based) system allowing predictions or inferences to be made.” Kuehne Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 23. What is amodel? “Models help in developing artefacts by providing information about the consequences of building those artefacts before they are actually made.” Ludewig Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 24. What is amodel? “A model of a system is a description or specification of that system and its environment for some certain purpose.” OMG Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 25. What is amodel? A model - is a simplification of a system ★ abstraction, description, specification, information - can answer questions in place of actual system ★ analysis, inference, predictions - is used for a purpose ★ understanding, planing, risk analysis, ... Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 26. A model isa UML diagram simplification? analysis? purpose? Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 27. What is amodel about? - Structure ★ Data ★ Architecture ★ Configuration - Behaviour ★ User interface ★ Access control ★ Business process - About any aspects of a system Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 28. A model canbe a UML diagram ... Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 29. A model canbe a UML diagram ... ... but it can be any other representation ... e = x | e + e | e - e | f(e,...,e) ... that serves purpose of abstraction, analysis, etc. Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 30. For what purposesare models used? Description - of something that exists Analysis - understanding of properties Blueprint - guidelines to build something Specification - precise instruction for construction (code gen) Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 31. Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) Vision from OMG - Models at different level of abstraction ★ Platform Independent Model (PIM) ★ Platform Specific Model (PSM) - Model transformation ★ e.g. PIM to PSM to implementation ★ transformations not necessarily automatic - UML as standard modeling language ★ models are ‘visual’ or ‘graphical’ Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 32. ‘Formal Methods’ Logic Problem HLL Machine Domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 33. A critique ofMDA & formal methods General purpose modeling languages - High coverage ★ large class of software systems - Low expressivity ★ irrelevant details ★ Requirements/implementation gap not reduced Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 34. Domain-Specific Languages Problem DSL HLL Machine Domain domain-specific languages: models specialized to an application domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 35. DSLs provide domain-specific... Abstractions ★ directly represent domain concepts Concrete syntax ★ natural notation Optimization ★ based on domain assumptions Error checking ★ report errors in terms of domain concepts Tool support ★ interpreter, compiler, code generator, IDE Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 36. Example Domain-Specific Languages(1) Spreadsheet ★ formulas, macros Querying ★ SQL, XQuery, XPath Graph layout ★ GraphViz Web ★ HTML, CSS, RSS, XML, XSLT ★ Ruby/Rails, JSP, ASP, JSF, WebDSL Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 37. Example Domain-Specific Languages(2) Games ★ Lua, UnrealScript Modeling ★ UML, OCL, QVT Language processing ★ YACC, LEX, RegExp, ANTLR, SDF ★ TXL, ASF+SDF, Stratego Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 38. Transformation Model analysis Model migration Model construct extract System Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 39. External DSL Dedicated language ★ independent of host/target language (portable) ★ implementation with interpreter or compiler Advantages ★ language tuned to domain ★ domain-specific errors, analysis, optimizations Disadvantages ★ cost of learning new language ★ cost of maintaining language Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 40. Internal DSL Library in HLL ★ Haskell, Scala, Ruby, ... ★ API is language ★ language features for ‘linguistic abstraction’ Advantages ★ host language = implementation language Disadvantages ★ host language = implementation language (encoding) ★ lack of portability ★ no domain-specific errors, analysis, optimization Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 41.
- 42. Course Goal Learn to design and implement domain-specific languages Understand DSL design choices and make reasoned decisions about their application Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 43. Application DSL Domain domain analysis language definition Programming abstraction Language Patterns Design Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 44. Course Ingredients Lectures (14x) Designs (2x) Cases (6x) Exams (2x) Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 45. Lectures (14x) Note: no lecture in week 4, moved to week 8 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 46. Domain Analysis &Data Modeling Lecture 2 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 47. Abstractions for theWeb Lectures 3-5 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 48. Language Workbenches Lecture 6 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 49. Language Modeling Lectures 6-7 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 50. Transformation, Generation, Analysis Lectures 8-10 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 51. Customization Model generate customize Code Lecture 10 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 52. Advanced Topics - Economics ★ costs and benefits of developing (with) DSLs - Evolution ★ maintenance of models and languages - Portability ★ supporting multiple platforms - Internal DSLs ★ library as a language - Language composition ★ combining multiple DSLs Lectures 12-14 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 53.
- 54. Designs (= labproject in pairs) Design 1 ★ Web Application with WebDSL • domain analysis • software development with a DSL Design 2 ★ DSL with Stratego & Spoofax/IMP • design and implement a DSL • use rule-based DSLs for language definition You propose web app and language to design ★ (We can give tips if you’re stuck) Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 55.
- 56. Cases (= individualhome work assignments) - Goals ★ understand and apply modeling approaches ★ solve small design problems ★ compare alternative solutions - Six cases ★ domain analysis and data modeling ★ web abstractions ★ language modeling ★ generation, transformation, analysis ★ customization ★ advanced topic Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 57.
- 58. Exams Goals - test understanding of course material - small design problems - comparison of approaches When - midterm (after period 3) - final (after period 4) - if(midterm >= 6) { make half of final exam } Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 59. Grading design := 0.4 * design1 + 0.6 * design2 exam := if(exam1 >= 6) { (exam1 + exam2)/2 } } else { exam2 } case := average(i : 1 to 6) { case[i] } final := 0.4 * design + 0.2 * case + 0.4 * exam pass := design1 >= 6 && design2 >= 6 && exam >= 6 && [c | c in case where c >= 6].length >= 4 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 60. Feedback This is a new course I’d like to get feedback early Not when it is too late to fix Volunteers for feedback group? Short meeting Thursdays at start of lab Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 61. Website http://department.st.ewi.tudelft.nl/course/IN4308 Wednesday, February 3, 2010
- 62. Schedule Lab this week: ★ Find a partner ★ Make design proposal for a web application ★ WebDSL tutorial Read ★ Czarnecki: Overview of Generative Development ★ Muller et al.: Modeling Modeling Next week ★ Domain analysis & data modeling No lecture week 4, moved to week 8! Wednesday, February 3, 2010