Context-driven testing is a software testing methodology that focuses on tailoring testing objectives, techniques, and documentation to the specific context of each project situation. The context includes factors like the people involved, goals, resources, and timelines. The key principles of context-driven testing are that practices depend on context, there are no universally best practices, collaboration is important, projects evolve unpredictably, products must solve problems, testing is challenging intellectual work, and effective testing requires judgment tailored to each context. Context-driven testing contrasts with approaches that focus first on standardized practices or documentation over project-specific needs.