The document outlines the process for developing improved educational apparatus, including determining user needs, design and development, pilot testing, and finalization. It notes that effective apparatus should use easily available and low-cost raw materials, simple production processes, stimulate thinking and experimentation, and be unbiased. The apparatus should also have educational, economic, social, recreational, and scientific value while being easy for students to use.

4. Objectives Design Development
Needs of
Users
Type, Cost,
Relevance,
Resources
St.s, Tr.s,
Community
Feedback
Process of developing improved apparatus
Process of developing improved apparatus

5. Pilot Testing Finalization
Product and
Distribution

6.  Raw materials - easily available - free or at low cast
 Do not involve specialized skills - made by pupils, teachers
 Can be used easily and effectively by the teacher
 Production process is simple and inexpensive
 Simple, accurate and appropriate to the age level
 Stimulates thinking, reacting, discussing, experimenting
 Free from conflicts or bias.
 Students have easy approach
 Production - not time consuming

7. Significance
or
Importance
Economic
Value
Educational
and
Psychological
Value
Social Value
Recreational
Value
Scientific
Value
Inspiration

8. Disadvantages of Improvisation