India has high biodiversity with over 81,000 species of fauna and 47,000 species of flora, and 15,000 plant species that are endemic to India. However, many species are endangered, vulnerable, or rare due to factors such as habitat loss, pollution, poaching, and development projects. The government of India has implemented several acts and programs to protect biodiversity and wildlife, including the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, Project Tiger, and the involvement of local communities in forest management.

1. Forest & Wildlife Resource
By: Sandeep Singh

2.  The variety of Flora and Fauna in a given
geographical area is called biodiversity of that
area.
 Biodiversity refers to the variety of life. It
is seen in the number of species in an
ecosystem or on the entire Earth.

3.  The term Flora is used to denote plants of a particular region.
 It usually refers to the native plant life present but does
include new species that have been introduced as well.

4.  The term Fauna is used to denote species of animals of
a particular region or period.

5.  India is home to nearly 8% of the world’s biodiversity.
 India has over 81,000 species of fauna and 47,000 species of flora.
 in india out of 47,000 species ,15000 species are endemic.
 At least 10% of India’s recorded wild flora and 20% of its mammals
are on threatened list.
 A large number of animal and plant species in India is in the
endangered list.
Important Fact

6. Classification Of Species
Normal Species
Endangered Species
Vulnerable Species
Rare Species
Endemic Species
Extinct Species
The International Union for Conservation of Nature natural Resource (IUCN) Classified

7. Normal Species
 Their population levels are normal for their survival.
 E.g. – Cattle, Rodents etc.

8. Endangered Species
 They are in danger of extinction as their population is
fast dwindling.
 E.g. – Indian rhino, lion, crocodile etc.

9. Vulnerable Species
 Their population has decreased to the level of being
endangered in the near future.
 E.g. – Asiatic elephant, blue sheep, Ganga dolphin etc.

10. Rare Species
 Those are very small in number. May become
endangered or vulnerable in future.
 E.g. – Desert fox, Hornbill etc.

11. Endemic Species
Those are found only in a particular region and isolated
by natural barriers.
 E.g.- Andaman wild pig, Nicobar pigeon etc.

12. Extinct Species
These species no longer exist on Earth.
 E.g.- Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck etc.

13. Asiatic Cheetah
World’s fastest land mammal.
 Could run at a speed of 112 km/hr.
 Declared extinct in 1952.
 was mainly found in Asia and Africa.

15. In India forest cover Overall, 21.54% of the country's geographical
area is now under green cover (as per 2017* data) The total forest
cover in India is 7,08,273 km2.

23. → Transformation of nature into resources.
→ Pollution leading to acid rains.
→ Human activities leading to Global Warming.
→ Unregulated or illegal killing, hunting or
poaching of fauna.
→ Damage of forests during colonial period.
→ Agricultural expansion.
→ Large scale development projects.
→ Mining
Causes of depletion of Biodiversity

25. FACT FILE
Over half of India's natural forests
are gone, one-third of its wetlands
drained out, 70% of its surface water
bodies polluted, 40% of its
mangroves are wiped out, and with
continued hunting and trade of wild
animals and commercially valuable
plants, thousands of plant and
animal species are heading towards
extinction

26. Conservation of forest and Wildlife in India
 Conservation preserve the ecological diversity and our life
support system – water, air and soil.
Due to conservationist’s demand , the Indian Wildlife (protection
) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for
protecting habitats.
The aim of the programme was protecting the remaining
population of certain endangered species by banning hunting,
giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in
wildlife
The central and many state govt. established national parks and
wildlife sanctuaries.

27. Conservation of forest and Wildlife in India
 The central govt. also announced several projects for protecting
specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including the
tiger, one-horned rhinoceros and others.
Under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies,
moths, beetles and one dragonfly have been added to the list of
protected species.
In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list .

28. “ Project Tiger “, one of the well- publicized
wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in
1973. Initially, it showed success as the Tiger
production went up to 4,002 in 1985 and 4,334 in
1989. Tiger conservation has been viewed not
only as an effort to save endangered species, but
with equal importance as a means of preserving
biotypes of sizeable magnitude.

29. 1. Reserved Forests
More than half of the total
forest land has been
declared Reserved Forests.
Reserved forests are
regarded as the most
valuable as far as the
conservation of forest and
wildlife resources are
concerned.

30. 2. Protected Forests
Almost one-third of
the total forest area is
Protected Forest,as
declared by the
Forest Department.
This forest land are
protected from any
further depletion.

31. 3. Unclassed Forests
forests
These are other
and
wetlands
belonging to both
government and
private
individuals and
communities.

32.  Reserved and protected forests are also known as Permanent
forest estates.
 Reserved and protected forests are maintained for the
purpose of producing timber and other forest product, and
for protective reasons.
 Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent
forests, constituting 75% of its total forest cover.
 All northern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high
percentage of their forests as unclassed forests managed by
local communities.

33.  The forests are also home to some of traditional communities.
Local communities are struggling to conserve these habitats
along with government officials.
 In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against
mining by citing the wildlife protection act.

34.  The Chipko movement in Himalayas has successfully resisted
deforestation.

35.  The rise of Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao
Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that adequate
levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic
chemicals are possible .

36.  Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme introduced in
1988 in the state of Odisha shown good example for involving
local communities in the management and restoration of
degraded forests

37. THANK
YOU!!