4. DEFINITION OF PLAY
Play is the activity that has no serious motive and from
which there is no material gain. The distinction between
work and play however lies in the mental attitude.
Football can be play for children or can be work
and means of earning for the professional footballer.
5.
6.
7. IMPORTANCE OF PLAY
Play help in development in children in various
aspects i.e.
Physical,
Intellectual or educational,
Emotional,
Moral and social.
8. PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Physical development enhance during play
Muscular and sensory abilities development at the
time of running, climbing, riding cycle and in other active
play.
These activities help to strengthen muscle and to learn
coordinated movements and skills.
The young children learn to differentiate to sensations
by visual, auditory and tactile stimulations through the
use of play materials
9. INTELLECTUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Intellectual and educational development promote during
play.
Children learn color, size, shape, number, distance,
height, speed, name of the objects etc. while playing with
various toys and play things.
Creative activity, problem solving, abstract thinking,
imagination, communication and speech development occur
during play.
Children improve attention span and concentration by
playing. They can make difference of reality and fantasy
through play.
It helps them to experience thrill of achievement
10. EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Children express their fear, anxiety, anger, joy, etc
during play.
It reduces stress and stain and removes irritability and
destructives, thus enhances the coping abilities. It helps
to communicate with others and outside world. It helps to
communicate with others and outside world
play improve emotional development
Play acts outlets of negative feeling and considered as
safety valve to release emotional tension and reduce
emotional trauma.
Children become a social being through play
Play help in socialization.
They learn interaction with playmates by sharing,
understanding others and communicating.
11. MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
Children learn morality from parents, teachers and
other adults.
During play with peers, child’s behavior will reflect the
right and wrong things, honesty, sportsmanship, and
value system.
They become creative and independent through play.
Plays is the means of moral development.
They learn norms of moral behavior and responsibility.
12. TYPES OF PLAY
Play is the natural and spontaneous. It depends upon age,
sex, interest, personality, ability, cultural pattern and social
economic status of the child’s family.
Play, playtime, playmates decrease as the age increase.
Play is social behavior which differs in various age groups
and depends upon the level of development. It is
individualized behavior.
13. Infant :
Usually engage in social affective play, sense pleasure play and skill play.
In social affective play infants response by smiling, cooing in the
interacting adults.
In sense pleasure play. They learn and explore environment through
various sensory experience.
They develop skill through imitation. Young children also engage in sense
pleasure play and skill play.
Preschool children:
Preschool children enjoy dramatic play through which they identify
themselves with adult and dramatize adult’s behavior.
14. School children :
School children enjoy competitive sports, games and they develop hobbies for
recreation and diversion. School age children imitate and dramatize more
complex activities even acting out stories in books.
Adolescents :
Adolescent and older school age children engage in a more sophisticated type
of fantasy activity called day dreaming. They spend their leisure time in
competitive sports, operating computers, watching television, listening to the
radio, reading etc.
15. Play behavior can be described as – unoccupied, solitary, on looking,
parallel, associative and cooperative.
In unoccupied play behavior
The child is not involved in play activity but may move around randomly,
crawl under a table, climb on and off a chair or follow another person or just
stand alone with least social involvement.
16. Solitary independent play
Solitary independent play indicates when the child plays alone
independently. Toddlers and pre-toddlers engage in this type of concentrating
play with less interaction with others.
On looking play :
Onlooker play behavior found when the child watches other play but does not
become engaged in their play. The child may sit nearby or near or see what
others are doing or talking as she/he feels interest.
17. Parallel play :
Parallel play is an independent play activity when the child plays alongside
other children but not with them. They play similar or identical play as other
children play nearby.
Cooperative play
Cooperative play behavior is found in preschool and school children. They
engage in formal game in group like football or dramatic play of life situation.
18. SELECTION AND CARE OF
PLAYMATERIALS
Selection of play materials and toys depends upon age, abilities, interests, like
and dislikes, culture, experience, personality and level of intelligence of the
child.
The play materials should have the following characteristics:
Safe, washable, light weight, simple, durable, easy to handle and non-breakable.
Realistic, attractive, constructive and offer problem solving opportunities.
No sharp edges and no small removable parts which may be swallowed or
inhaled.
Not over stimulating and frustrating.
19. No toxic paints, not costly, not inflammable and not excessive
noisy.
Play things with electrical plugs should be avoided, only
children over 8 years of age should be permitted to use them.
Parents should avoided impulse of buying toys because
of advertisement in the mass media. Toys can be purchased
on the basis of the above mentioned criteria and safety
measures to be followed.
Supervision during play is important to prevent
accidental injury.
20. Correct use of toys. Parent should explain the direction for use and
the caution labels.
Safe storing of toys in a space with easy reach and away from busy
areas.
Keep the play things in good conditions. Parent should repair or
discard damaged and broken toys.
The wrong toys for the wrong ages can be injurious to children.
Electronic toys and games can also be shared by the adults in the
children’s play time. Parents may interact and initiate the use with
precaution.
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PARENTS
34. ROLE OF NURSE
The nurse should encourage and motivate the children and parents for
play and make them aware about the importance of play.
Parents should allow the child to play and arrange the play things.
The important nursing responsibility is to teach the parent about safety
measures and observation, interaction and supervision of the children
during play.
Nurse should initiate play at home, hospital, or in health care agency
depending upon the individual choice with high flexibility.
Nurse should inform about the modern concept of play to the parents.
