The document outlines artificial or supplementary feeding, which involves using breast-milk substitutes like liquid milk for infants, particularly in cases of maternal absence or inability to breastfeed. It details various methods such as bottle feeding, katori/spoon feeding, cup feeding, and nasogastric feeding, along with preparation techniques for infant formulas and the recommended feeding amounts based on the baby's age and weight. Additionally, it discusses potential problems associated with artificial feeding, including risks of infection and underfeeding or overfeeding.

1. ARTIFICIAL/
SUPPLEMENTARY
FEEDING

2. ARTIFICIAL FEEDING
 It is the feeding of the child other than
breast milk.
 It involves the use of breast-milk-substitutes in
the form of liquid milk.
 Ex:- Fresh cow’s / buffalo’s milk
Commercially available dried whole milk
(Nan, Pre-nan, Lactogen)
 It is a form of supplementary feeding.

3. INDICATIONS
 Death or absence of mother
 Prolonged maternal illness
 Complete failure of breast milk production
 Tb & HIV +ve mothers
 Working mothers
 Non-lactating mother who adopted the baby

4. METHODS
 Bottle feeding
 Katori & Spoon feeding
 Cup feeding
 Nasogastric/Orogastric feeding

5. BOTTLE FEEDING
 Feeding of the baby with the help of bottle.
 Prolonged bottle feeding may lead to ‘Baby
Bottle Tooth Decay’.
 Contaminated / inadequately cleaned bottle
feeding results in GI infection causing
diarrhea.

6. PRINCIPLES OF BOTTLE
FEEDING
 After washing the bottle with brush & clean
water, it should be boiled for about 10
minutes.
 Hands should be washed thoroughly before
preparing feed.
 The hole of teat should be such that drip rate
is 1 drop/second.

7. TECHNIQUES OF BOTTLE
FEEDING
 Bottle should be sterilized & kept covered.
 Prepare formula as per requirement, when
baby is hungry.
 Wash hands & test flow of milk & its
temperature, by sprinkling a few drops on
inner aspect of wrist.
 Sit in a comfortable position. Head of the
baby should be higher than rest of the body.

9. BOTTLE FEEDING POSITION

10.  The teat should be touched to the corner
of baby’s mouth, & when the baby
opens mouth, teat should be inserted in
to mouth.
 The bottle should be held at an angle
that teat is completely filled & there is no
air in the teat.
 Baby should be burped during & after
the feeds.
 After burping, make the baby lie in right
lateral position.

11. KATORI /SPOON FEEDING
 When the neonate cannot suck on the breast
due to prematurity or any congenital
malformation/ when milk is obtained from
sources other than mother, feeding with
katori or spoon is indicated.

12. TECHNIQUE
 Katori & spoon should be
washed thoroughly & boiled for
10 minutes.
 Take required amount of feed
in the cup & keep it covered.
 Wash hands & hold the baby
semi-upright in lap.
 Wrap a soft cloth around the
neck.

13.  Touch the spoon /brim of the katori to the
corner of the mouth & when the baby opens
the mouth, feed is given.
 The first bolus is allowed to swallow, before
the next is given.
 Feed from the corner of the mouth.
 After feeding, burp the baby, wipe the mouth &
make the baby to lie in right lateral position.

14. CUP FEEDING
 Feeding the baby directly by cup.
 A baby who is cup fed needs to be given 5 ml
extra at each feed to allow for spillage from
cup.

15. NASOGASTRIC FEEDING
 Ingestion of milk through a tube passed from
the mouth or nose in to the stomach.

16. PREPARATION OF INFANT
FORMULA
 Infant formula is a manufactured food
designed for feeding the babies & infants
under 12 months of age.
 It is usually prepared for bottle feeding/ cup
feeding from powder or liquid.

17. TYPES OF FORMULAS
 Ready-to-use preparations: Liquid form
 Concentrated liquid
 Powdered formula:-
- Nan
- Pre-nan
- Lactogen

18. Calculation of amount of
feed:-
Birth wt. (gms) ml/kg/day
1000 X No. of feeds/day =Vol. per
feed
• Fluid requirement for full term formula fed
infants:- Age of baby Ml/Kg/day
Day 1 60ml/kg/day
Day 2 90 ml/kg/day
Day 3 120 ml/kg/day
Day 4 to 3 months 150 ml/kg/day
3-12 months 90-120 ml/kg/day

19.  Depending on the choice, can prepare a single
bottle or 24 hour supply.
 Bottles, nipples / katori sterilized by boiling for
5 minutes.
 Wash hands.
 Add 1 scoop of powder for 30 ml of warm
water.
 Shake the bottle to dissolve the powder
completely.

20.  Test the temperature of the formula by
sprinkling a few drops on the inside of the
wrist.
 Position the baby in the semi-upright position.
 Burp the infant frequently.

21. Problems associated with
artificial feeding
 Constipation /Diarrhea
 Underfeeding
 Overfeeding
 Aerophagy :- Leading to abd. distension, colic
 It is expensive
 Risk for infection
 Gastroenteritis, Anemia

22. SUMMARY
 Definition
 Indications
 Methods
 Preparation of infant formula
 Calculation of amount of feed
 problems