importance of chemical industries
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Chemical industries are very important for Pakistan's economy. They supply farmers with pesticides and fertilizers essential for crop growth, contributing to agriculture and food self-sufficiency. Chemical industries also indirectly support almost every other sector by providing products used in textiles, food manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, packaging, and automobiles.
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raw materials available in pakistan
Pakistan has several key raw materials available for chemical and petrochemical industries, including oil, natural gas, metals, minerals, coal, salt, air, and water. For petrochemical industries specifically, natural gas processing provides methane, ethane, propane and butanes. Petroleum refineries produce naphtha, benzene, toluene and xylenes. Gas oil is also obtained from petroleum refineries. These raw materials can be used directly or cracked through steam cracking to produce important intermediate petrochemical feedstocks like ethylene, propylene, butenes, butadiene and benzene.
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raw materials available in pakistan
Pakistan has several key raw materials available for chemical and petrochemical industries, including oil, natural gas, metals, minerals, coal, salt, air, and water. For petrochemical industries specifically, natural gas processing provides methane, ethane, propane and butanes. Petroleum refineries produce naphtha, benzene, toluene and xylenes. Gas oil is also obtained from petroleum refineries. These raw materials can be used directly or cracked through steam cracking to produce important intermediate petrochemical feedstocks like ethylene, propylene, butenes, butadiene and benzene.
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Pakistan has a large industrial sector focused on textiles such as cotton and apparel. Other major industries include cement, fertilizer, edible oils, sugar, steel, chemicals, and machinery. The caustic soda industry produces sodium hydroxide through the electrolysis of brine, yielding caustic soda, chlorine, and hydrogen. Caustic soda is used to manufacture other chemicals and in industries like soap, textiles, and paper production. It is produced as a liquid or solid and meets certain purity standards for concentration and contaminants.
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Nail varnish is prepared by mixing pigments with nitrocellulose and plasticizers using a mill. The mixture is then combined with solvent in a heated kettle before being pumped into bottles. Nail polish remover contains solvents like acetone and conditioners. Hair dyes are made by weighing and mixing ingredients in tanks, then filling and packaging bottles. Lipsticks involve separately melting ingredients before mixing them with color pigments, molding the mixture into tubes, labeling, and packaging the final product.
fractional distillation and refining of petroleum
Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other compounds that varies in composition depending on its source. It is a thick, brown liquid found below the earth's surface. Refining petroleum involves separating it into fractions of different boiling points and removing impurities through fractional distillation. In fractional distillation, the mixture is heated and different compounds condense out of the vapor at different levels in the distillation tower based on their boiling points. Over 500 compounds can be obtained through petroleum distillation.
basic building block processes in petrochemical technology
Petrochemical processes involve basic building block processes for manufacturing intermediates and products. Key petrochemical processes include thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, and steam reforming which produce olefins, synthesis gas, and aromatic compounds from petroleum feedstocks like naphtha and gas oil. Thermal cracking uses steam to crack ethane, propane and heavier hydrocarbons to produce ethylene, propylene and other products. Catalytic reforming uses naphtha to produce BTX aromatic compounds. Steam reforming produces a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from hydrocarbon feeds. Polymerization then links monomer molecules into long chains or networks to form plastics, fibers and other polymer products.
types and applications of synthetic adhesives
Synthetic adhesives are man-made adhesives that are designed and manufactured through industrial processes. They can be classified in several ways, including by the number of components needed, the structure of the adhesive polymer after curing, and the type of curing process. Some common types include one-component adhesives that cure with moisture and two-component adhesives that require mixing before curing. Synthetic adhesives are widely used for joining materials through gluing, for waterproofing objects, and in various industrial applications due to their superior mechanical and chemical properties compared to natural adhesives.
alloys and their properties
This document discusses properties of common metal alloys. It defines an alloy as a metal combined with other elements to produce improved properties such as strength, hardness, and durability. Examples given are steel, an iron-carbon alloy, and brass, a copper-zinc alloy. The document then discusses how adding elements like chromium, vanadium, and nickel to steel can further enhance its properties for different applications. Bronze, a copper-tin alloy, is also described as being durable, weather-resistant, and commonly used in outdoor statues and architecture.
Chemitry Chemical Equilibrium
1. The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including the concept that at equilibrium the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate, and the amounts of reactants and products remain constant.
2. It introduces the equilibrium constant expression and explains how to write the expression for different chemical equations.
3. Le Châtelier's principle is discussed, that systems at equilibrium will shift in response to changes in conditions to counteract the effect of changes in temperature, pressure, or concentration.
role of industries in the economy of pakistan
This document summarizes key industries in Pakistan's economy, including textiles, sugar, cement, fertilizer, sports goods, mining and extraction, and telecommunications. It notes that industries contribute 24.3% to Pakistan's GDP, with textiles as the largest exporter. The document also discusses challenges facing industries like power shortages and security issues, and proposes solutions such as attracting foreign investment, innovative technology, and reducing interest rates.
Heavy industries in pakistan
This document discusses industries in Pakistan, which make up 24.3% of GDP. It outlines several key industries like textiles, sugar, cement, fertilizer, and others. Textiles are the largest export and contributor to GDP. Other major industries include sugar, which employs 1 million people, and cement, where Pakistan is the 5th largest exporter. However, industries face problems like power shortages, lack of training and technology, and security issues that hinder investment and growth. Solutions proposed include increasing foreign investment, innovative technologies, privatization, and research/training to support the further development of industries in Pakistan.
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Chemical industries 2
The chemical industry in India contributes approximately 3% to the country's annual GDP, making it the third largest industry in Asia and twelfth largest globally. The organic and inorganic sectors of the Indian chemical industry are rapidly growing. Organic chemicals include petrochemicals used to produce synthetic fibers, rubber, dyes, drugs, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. Inorganic chemicals produced in India include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, alkalis, soda ash, and caustic soda.
Pharmaceutical Industry & Its Significance
India has gained immense progress in the field of pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical industry is important in India due to certain reasons like Research & Development related to various vaccines. Pharmaceutical industry plays an vital role in the world's economy as well as in ensuring the welfare of its citizen. TatvaChintan is one of the world’s leading specialty chemical company in the Pharmaceutical Drug Development Industry.
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Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries account for about 50% of employment in India but only contribute around 14% to GDP. Several key sectors are discussed including horticulture, food processing, animal husbandry, fishing, and contract farming. The document also summarizes the status of important industries such as textiles, chemicals, sugar, paper, machine tools and auto components. Overall the agriculture and industry sectors provide livelihood for much of the population but have potential for increased contribution to the economy.
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2. The Indian government aims to double farmers' incomes by 2022 by focusing on improving crop and livestock productivity, resource use efficiency, cropping intensity, high value crops and prices received by farmers.
3. Key challenges in Indian agri value chains include resource scarcity, room for improved yields, multiple intermediaries lacking transparency, food losses, and changing consumption trends toward fruits/vegetables and pulses.
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The pesticide industry provides crop protection products to preserve crops from pests, diseases, and weeds. The global pesticide market is valued at $48 billion and expected to reach $71.3 billion by 2018. India is the 4th largest producer globally. The Indian market is estimated at $4.1 billion and expected to reach $7.1 billion by 2018. Insecticides dominate the Indian market at 60% while biopesticides provide growth opportunities. Key challenges for the industry include regulations, support for organic farming, and genetically modified seeds.
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The pesticide industry is estimated to be worth $48 billion globally and is expected to grow to $71.3 billion by 2018. In India, the industry is worth $4.1 billion and is expected to reach $7.1 billion by 2018. The industry faces challenges such as stringent regulations, evolution of biotechnology, and acquisitions by larger companies. However, opportunities for growth exist due to increasing crop losses, low pesticide consumption in India, and growth in horticulture. Major players in the Indian market include BASF, DuPont, and Bayer, which control 75-80% of the market.
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The chemical industries are the primary factors to convert raw materials into the desired items that people use in day-to-day life. It has brought a big change in every way things operate. The chemical manufacturers play a huge role and very important for everyone as they touched every industry including food, transportation, entertainment, agriculture, and so on. It has also used in recycling industries to curb the usage of the virgin products. Recycling helps a lot in using waste materials and provides a more life-cycle for the items.
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Specialty chemicals are produced by a complex, interlinked industry. These are chemical products that are sold on the basis of their performance or function, rather than for their composition. They can be single-chemical entities or formulations (combinations of several chemicals) whose composition sharply influences the performance and processing of the consumer product. Products and services in the specialty chemicals industry require intensive knowledge and ongoing innovation.TatvaChintan is one of the world’s leading specialty chemical company in the Pharmaceutical Drug Development Industry.Significance of microbial biotechnology in economic development of pakistan
Significance of microbial biotechnology in economic development of pakistanBahauddin Zakariya University lahore
Agriculture is important for Pakistan's economy. Microbial biotechnology can help develop agriculture and other industries in Pakistan. It can increase crop yields through microbial fertilizers and reduce costs from pesticides. For example, BT cotton has increased yields by 45-55% while reducing insecticide use. Microbes are also used in waste treatment, biofuel production, and to produce foods like yogurt. Developing microbial biotechnology could boost Pakistan's economy by improving agriculture productivity and reducing dependence on imported fertilizers and fuels.Problems and Prospect of Pharmaceutical Industries in Bangladesh
The document discusses the history, development, current state, problems and prospects of the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh. It notes that while the industry has grown significantly in recent decades, contributing to the country's economy and exports, it still faces several challenges. These include unstable power supply, high interest rates on loans, lack of raw material production locally, and the need to upgrade regulatory bodies to international standards. Addressing these issues could help the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh realize its full potential.
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This document summarizes a project report on studying the market potential for agrochemical products made by Chemtura Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd. in Ambegaon Taluka, Pune district. The report acknowledges those who helped with the project. It provides an executive summary that outlines issues farmers in the region face like declining crop production due to pests and diseases. It finds that Chemtura's Silwet-Gold product has the ability to improve spray coverage and enhance the performance of pesticides and insecticides. The report also includes sections on the agrochemical industry profile, Chemtura company profile, research methodology, and findings.
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Fungi play indispensable roles across various industries, contributing to processes fundamental to human civilization. One of the most prominent sectors where fungi excel is the food industry. Yeasts, for instance, are pivotal in fermenting foods and beverages, including bread, beer, wine, and cheese, imparting distinctive flavors and textures.
COMPUTER PPT.pptx
The document discusses the impact of chemical exports on India's balance of payments. It notes that chemical exports contribute significantly to India's GDP and that India is a major global exporter of chemicals. The chemical industry is diversified and includes sectors like agrochemicals, polymers, and fertilizers. The government has implemented several initiatives to boost the chemical sector through policies like production-linked incentive schemes and developing chemical clusters to promote manufacturing and exports. Chemical exports have benefited India's balance of payments by bringing foreign currency into the country.
Scope of agro based industries in west bengal
Agro-based industry” is an omnibus expression. Agriculture and industry are integral components of the development process due to their mutual relationship as agriculture provides inputs to the industry and output of the industry is used in agriculture to expand production. There are many industries which are based on agricultural production. Agro-based industries are depending on agriculture for their raw material and other basic inputs. This inter-dependence must be oriented to suit the need of our country and State. Stabilization and growth of agricultural production results in rapid advancement in output and employment in agro-industries. Further, the cumulative effect of agricultural growth and growth of agro-industries creates greater opportunities for industrial growth as well as integration of the different sectors of the economy. Agro-based industries may be classified into two categories namely food processing industries and non-food processing industries. Food processing industries mainly deal with the preservation of perishable products and utilization of by-products for other purposes. These types of industries include the processing of wheat, rice, maize, barley, pulses, meat, fruits, vegetables, etc.
Unit 5
The document discusses various topics related to industries and sectors in India including food processing, textiles, khadi, handloom, cottage industries, dairy, and agriculture. It provides an overview of each sector including market size, government initiatives, investments, and future potential or road ahead. For example, it notes that the food processing industry accounts for 32% of India's total food market and contributes 8.8% and 8.39% of gross value added in manufacturing and agriculture respectively. It also discusses the large size and historical significance of the textiles industry in India.
Discussion on banned dyes and chemicals In textile industries
This document discusses banned dyes and chemicals in the textile industry. It provides background on the textile industry in Bangladesh and explains that chemicals are used for cleaning, dyeing, and other processing but some have been banned due to health and environmental concerns. Specific banned substances that are mentioned include alkylphenols, phthalates, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated chemicals, chlorobenzenes, heavy metals, and some azo dyes due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and negative health effects. The document also outlines some organizations working on chemical safety standards and restricted substance lists for the textile industry.
Unit 1(management of agro chemical)
This document discusses agrochemicals and provides definitions and classifications. It discusses the key points:
- Agrochemicals refer to chemical products used in agriculture, mainly pesticides like insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and fertilizers.
- Pesticides are classified by their application target (what they control), such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides. They are also classified by their chemical nature as organic or inorganic.
- India is a major global producer and consumer of agrochemicals, though consumption is lower than other countries. The industry includes manufacturers, formulators, and distributors. Key segments are insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and biope
A presentation on petrochemical indutries of Bangladesh
The document provides information about various industries in Bangladesh including the petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, natural gas industry, fertilizer industry, cement industry, polymer industry, and food and beverage industry. It discusses key statistics and details about major companies in each industry. The petrochemical industry converts raw materials into over 70,000 products. The pharmaceutical industry has experienced significant growth and exports drugs to over 70 countries. Natural gas meets over 50% of the country's power demand. The fertilizer industry produces over 1 million tons annually to meet domestic demand. Cement production is around 32 million tons yearly. Major polymer products include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene. The food industry employs over 2% of
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importance of chemical industries
- 1. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN EHTISHAM UL HAQ
- 2. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY • Chemical Industry refers to the industry which is involved in the business of making different products from raw materials through Chemical Reactions.
- 3. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES • Chemical Industries are very important for the economy of any country. • Chemical Industries supply the farmers Pesticides and Fertilizers which are essential for crop growing. • Chemical Industries contribute to agriculture and food self sufficiency of every country. • Other than direct contribution to agriculture, Chemical Industry contributes indirectly to almost every sector of every economy. • In our every day life, we use a lot of industrial products and most of them are related to Chemical Industry in some way or the other.
- 4. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES • Chemical Industry produces the fibers and dyes which are used in textile industries. • It supplies the Synthetic Sweeteners and Synthetic Flavors which are used by Food Manufacturing Companies. • Chemical Industry indirectly helps the Pharmaceutical Industry and Health Care Industry by providing the essential Chemical Components. • Not only that Plastic requirement of Packaging Industry and Artificial Rubber requirement of the Automobile Industry are also met by the very same Chemical Industries.