The document discusses different uses of imperatives and related structures: 1) Imperatives are used to tell people what to do or give advice/encouragement without "to", and can include subjects. Negative imperatives begin with "do not/don't". 2) "Let's", "let me", etc. are used to make suggestions or give orders to a group including the speaker, with "let's not" as the negative form. 3) "Do" can be used for emphasis, such as with emotive emphasis to show feeling strongly, or contrastive emphasis to show a contrast or compare expectations with reality.

1. IMPERATIVES
 Imperatives look the same as infinitives without to. We use imperatives to tell
people what to do, advise them, encourage them, etc.
get some butter while you’re out
 Negative imperatives begin with do not /don’t (this can be used before be)
please do not partk in front of this garaje
Don’t listen to him.
 Always and never come before imperatives
Always check your change.
Never start something you can’t finish.
 Emphatic imperatives begin with do (this can be used before be)
Do stop shouting!
Do come in and sit down.
Do be careful.
 Imperatives with subjects: if it is necessary to make it clear who is meant or
who we are speaking to, an imperative can have a subject (usually you or and
indefinite pronoun).
John, you take the car, and Mary, you take the children on the bus.
Note the position of subjects in negative imperatives.
Don’t you come in here or I’ll call the police.
A subject can also be used to make an order, invitation, etc, more emphatic.
You take your hands off me!
We don’t put subjects in emphatic imperatives.
You come here or Do come here (but not: do you come here)
 Imperative + and/or: an imperative followed by and or or can have a
conditional meaning, like and if-clause.
Come in here and I’ll call the pólice.
Walk down our Street Andy day and you’ll see kids playing
Stop singing or I’ll scream (= if you don’t stop singing, I’ll scream)

2. LET’S, LET ME, ETC
 Structure and meaning : we can use let’s (or let us- very formal) + infinitive
without to to make suggestions or give orders to a group that includes the
speaker (like a kind of imperative).
Let’s play poker.
Let’s be quiet and listen to Carl.
 The normal negative is let’s not…
Let’s not spend too much on the holiday.
 Don’t let’s….informal; let us not and Do not let us are very formal.
Look, don’t let’s get upset, ok?
Let us not forget those who came before us.
 Question tag: the usual question tag for let’s is shall we?
Let’s have a party, shall we?
 Let me…whe we say what we are going to do, we can soften the announcement,
and make it more polite, with Let me…
This doesn’t taste very nice. Let me try adding some sugar.
 Two very common expressions for gaining time are Let me see..and Let me
think…
So how many potatoes should I cook? Let me see. Suppose each person…
 Let’s see is common with a similar meaning.
What shall we have for supper? Let’s see. There’s some left-over chicken.

3. DO: EMPHASIS
 Emotive emphasis: we can use do with affirmative verbs to show that we feel
strongly about what we are saying.
That cake does look good!
I did enjoy the concert.
 Contrastive emphasis: Do can show a contrast-between false and true,
appearance and reality, or a general statement and an exception.
You think i don’t care, but I do care
We didn’t have much time tos pare, but i did visit the catedral
 We can also use do to compare expectations with reality.
I said I would ge to the top, and I did get to the top.