The document discusses the use of gerunds and infinitives in English. It provides rules for when to use gerunds, including after prepositions, as the subject of a sentence, and after certain verbs. It also discusses the use of infinitives with "to" after adjectives and certain verbs. Infinitives are used without "to" after modal verbs and verbs like "make" and "let." In some cases like with the verbs "start," "begin," and "continue," there is no change in meaning between the gerund and infinitive forms, but with verbs like "try," "remember," and "stop," there can be a change in meaning depending on which form is used.

1. GERUND OR INFINITIVE
When do we use them?

2. GERUND
• Use the gerund:
1. After prepositions
I’m not very good at remembering names.
2. As the subject of a sentence
Driving at night is quire tiring.
3. After certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, mind,
finish, stop, admit, avoid, deny, feel like, keep, miss,
practise, prefer, recommend, spend time, suggest,
and phrasal verbs such as give up, go on, etc.
I don't mind getting up early.
Katie's given up smoking.

3. INFINITIVE (WITH “TO”)
• Use to + infinitive:
1. To express a reason or purpose
Liam is saving money to buy a new car.
2. After adjectives
My flat is very easy to find.
2. After certain verbs: (can't) afford, agree, decide,
expect, help, hope, learn, manage, need, offer,
plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, want, would
like.
My sister has never learned to drive.

4. VERB + PERSON + INFINITIVE WITH TO
• We also use the infinitive with to after some
verbs, e.g. ask, tell, want, would like…
Can you ask the manager to come?
She told him not to worry.
I want you to do this now.
We'd really like you to come.

5. INFINITIVE (WITHOUT “TO”)
• Use infinitive:
1. After modal verbs
We must hurry.
2. After “make” and “let”
She always makes me laugh.
My parents didn't let me go out last night.

6. GERUND &INFINITIVE
1. No change of meaning: start, begin, continue…
It started to rain.
It started raining.
2. Change of meaning: try, remember, stop…
Try to be on time. (= make an effort to be on time)
Try doing yoga. (= do it to see if you like it)
Remember to phone him. (= don't forget to do it)
I remember meeting him years ago. (= I have a memory
of it)
It’s stopped raining. Let’s go for a walk. (= it has stopped
completely)
We stopped to have something to eat. (= they stop to do
sth else and then they’ll continue)

7. GERUND &INFINITIVE
1. No change of meaning: start, begin, continue…
It started to rain.
It started raining.
2. Change of meaning: try, remember, stop…
Try to be on time. (= make an effort to be on time)
Try doing yoga. (= do it to see if you like it)
Remember to phone him. (= don't forget to do it)
I remember meeting him years ago. (= I have a memory
of it)
It’s stopped raining. Let’s go for a walk. (= it has stopped
completely)
We stopped to have something to eat. (= they stop to do
sth else and then they’ll continue)