This document summarizes key topics from Day 2 Session 1 on the basics of climate smart agricultural technologies. It discusses:
1. The impacts of historical changes like the Green Revolution on farming communities, including increased inequality and rural-urban migration.
2. The various ways agriculture impacts the environment and climate change, such as through deforestation, pollution, pesticides, and soil degradation.
3. The impacts of climate change on Indian agriculture, including reduced crop yields from increased drought and changing rainfall patterns.
4. An overview of climate-smart agriculture which aims to address food security challenges and climate change through integrated sustainable practices.
Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Climate Change is major thing of Environment, which we should know about it. It's effect is dangerous that many people don't think about it. I upload this PDF for encourage the students and their knowledge.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Climate Change is major thing of Environment, which we should know about it. It's effect is dangerous that many people don't think about it. I upload this PDF for encourage the students and their knowledge.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. DAY 2 SESSION 1
BASICS OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL
TECHNOLOGIES
2. OVERVIEW
1
3
2
4
Impact of historical changes such as
the green revolution on the social
organization of farming communities
Impact of agriculture on the
environment and climate change
issues
Brief knowledge on
climate smart agricultural
technologies
Negative list of
ESMF
3. IMPACT OF HISTORICAL CHANGES ON THE SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION OF FARMING COMMUNITIES DUE TO GREEN
REVOLUTION
An increase in the use of agricultural labour as
cultivation became more intensive.
Small and marginal farmers couldn’t afford the
expensive inputs.
Increased inequality in rural society due to the
introduction of the new technology.
Rural-urban migration.
Rich people grew richer whereas the poor grew
poorer.
Increase in commercial agriculture and
dependence on the market
Worsening of the regional inequalities.
4. UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is a change in the average temperature and cycles of weather over a long period of
time.
Year
Temperature
Anomaly
(°C)
0
-
0.
5
0.
5
1.
0
1.
5
Data source: NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies
1880
1888
1904
1936
1960
2000
2016
1896
1912
1920
1928
1968
1944
1952
2008
1976
1984
1992
Observed
change
in
surface
temperature
(1901-2012)
•Global warming is likely to reach 1.50 C between 2030 and 2052
•Warming greater than the global average is being experienced in many land regions and
seasons including 2 to 3 times higher in the Artic
Climate change is happening and the
globe is warmer by 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C
over the period 1880 to 201
• Research shows that climate change could reduce farm income by 15-18 percent in irrigated and by 20-
25 percent in rainfed areas.
• It is also estimated that crop yields will decline by 4.5-9 percent in the short-run (2010-2039) and by a
whopping 25 percent in the long-run (2070-2099) due to lack of adoption by farmers.
5. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE
• Indian agriculture is highly prone to the risks due
to climate change; especially to drought, because
2/3rd of the agricultural land in India is rain fed
and even the irrigated system is dependent on
monsoon rain.
• In recent years, the frequency of climatic extremes
are getting more due to the increased atmospheric
temperature, resulting in increased risks with
substantial loss of agricultural production.
• Climate change can affect agriculture through their
direct and indirect effects on the crops, soils,
livestock and pests
6. IMPACT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE ON CROPS
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Enhanced frequency and duration of
extreme weather events such as flood,
drought, cyclone and heat wave
Reduction in yield in the rain fed areas
due to increased crop water demand
and changes in rainfall pattern during
monsoon season.
Alteration of agricultural pests and
diseases because of more pathogen and
vector development, rapid pathogen
transmission and increased host
susceptibility.
Threatened agricultural biodiversity by
rainfall uncertainty and temperature
increase, sea level rise, and increased
frequency and severity of drought,
cyclones and floods.
7. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
WATER
7
Increased irrigation demands with increased
temperature and higher evapo- transpiration.
Lowering groundwater table.
Melting of glaciers in the Himalayas the
availability of water would decrease
considerably.
A significant increase in runoff is projected in
the wet season that may lead to increase in
frequency and duration of floods and also
soil erosion.
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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOIL
Reduced organic matter content,
which is already quite low in Indian
soil.
Under elevated CO2 concentration,
crop residues have higher C: N ratio,
which reduces rate of decomposition
and nutrient supply.
Increase of soil temperature.
Change in rainfall volume and
frequency and wind intensity may
alter the severity, frequency and
extent of soil erosion.
Rise in sea level may lead to salt-
water ingression in the coastal
lands.
9. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON LIVESTOCK
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Increased temperature results in
enhanced lignification of plant
tissues and reduced digestibility.
Increased water scarcity would also
decrease food and fodder
production.
Global warming would increase
water, shelter, and energy
requirement of livestock for
meeting projected milk demand.
Climate change is likely to
aggravate the heat stress in dairy
animals, adversely affecting their
reproductive performance.
10. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
FISHERY
Increasing sea and river
water temperature is likely
to affect fish breeding,
migration,and harvest.
Impact of increased
temperature and tropical
cyclonic activity would
affect the capture,
production and marketing
costs of the marine fish.
Coral bleaching is likely to
increase due to higher sea
surface temperature
11. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
INSECTS AND DISEASES
Your Date Here
•Extension of geographical range of
insect-pests and pathogens
•Changes in population growth rates of
pathogens and insect-pests
•Changes in relative abundance and
effectiveness of biocontrol agents
•Changes in pathogen/insect-pest × host
× environment interactions, and loss of
resistance in cultivars containing
temperature-sensitive genes
•Emergence of new diseases/pest
problems and increased risk of invasion
by migrant diseases and pests
•Reduced efficacy of different
components of disease and insect-pest
12. IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES
Irrigation
Plastics
Deforestation Pollutants
Pesticides
Waste
13. ANIMAL AGRICULTURE
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• Meat is considered one of the
prime factors contributing to
the current biodiversity loss
crisis.
• Grazing occupies 26% of the
earth's ice-free terrestrial
surface, and feed crop
production uses about one
third of all arable land or
about 75% of agriculturally
used land.
• The global food system is
responsible for one third of
the global anthropogenic GHG
emissions, of which meat
accounts for nearly 60%.
14. IRRIGATION
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The environmental effects of
irrigation relate to the changes in
quantity and quality of soil and water as
a result of irrigation and the subsequent
effects on natural and social conditions
in river basins and downstream of an
irrigation scheme.
Soil can be over-irrigated due to poor
distribution uniformity or management
wastes water, chemicals, and may lead to
water pollution.
Irrigation with saline or high-sodium
water may damage soil structure owing
to the formation of alkaline soil.
15. PESTICIDES
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• Over 98% of sprayed
insecticides and 95% of
herbicides reach a destination
other than their target
species.
• Agricultural land around the
world is at risk of being
poisoned by pesticides, with a
third of it in high-biodiversity
regions.
• Such undesirable effects have
led many pesticides to be
banned, while regulations
have limited the use of
others.
16. PLASTICS
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• Un-recycled agricultural plastics constitute an enormous volume of
waste that creates further environmental hazards when it is
buried, burned, or dumped in landfills.
• The plastic particles are flushed into surface waters and ultimately
oceans by rain and irrigation, and they can also be absorbed by
plants, potentially ending up in the food system.
• Plastic degradation into micro-plastics is damaging to soil health,
microorganisms and beneficial organisms like earth worms.
17. DEFORESTATION
• One of the causes of deforestation is to clear land for pasture
or crops.
• Removing trees releases carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere and leaves behind fewer trees to absorb the
increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
18. POLLUTANTS
• Pollutants from agriculture greatly affect water quality and can be found in
lakes, rivers, wetlands, estuaries, and groundwater.
• Air pollution caused by agriculture through land use changes and animal
agriculture practices have an outsized impact on climate change.
19. SOIL DEGRADATION
19
• Soil degradation is the decline in
soil quality that can be a result
of many factors, especially from
agriculture.
• Common attributes of soil
degradation can be salting,
waterlogging, and compaction
and pesticide contamination.
• Soil erosion is the wearing away
of topsoil by water, wind, or
farming activities
20. TILLAGE EROSION
• There is growing evidence that
tillage erosion is a major soil
erosion process in agricultural
lands.
• Tillage erosion surpasses water
and wind erosion in many fields all
around the world.
• It can lead to significant reduction
in crop yield and, therefore,
economic losses for the farm.
21. AGRICULTURAL
WASTE
• The application of insecticides with
plasticulture facilitates pesticide
transfer in surface runoff towards
wetlands or tidal creeks.
• Pesticide and chemical runoff from
plastic can cause significant
deformations and death in shellfish
because the runoff transports the
pollutants to the seas.
22. BRIEF KNOWLEDGE ON CLIMATE SMART
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
• CSA is a concept that calls for integration
of the need for adaptation and the
possibility of mitigation in agricultural
growth strategies to support food
security.
• Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an
integrated approach to managing
landscapes—cropland, livestock, forests
and fisheries—that addresses the
interlinked challenges of food security
and accelerating climate change
23. THEMATIC AREAS
1. Soil and land Management
2. Nutrient management
3. Water Management
4. Crop Management
5. Conservation and Management of genetic resource
6. Climate information and forecasting development
7. Institutional and social development
8. Agriculture marketing and value addition
9. Social development measure
10. Energy Management
11. Mechanization
12. Post-harvest operations