Climate change is a significant and lanting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to million of years.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that plays a major part in shaping the earth’s climate.
Introduction
Causes of Climate Change
Global warming
GHG concentrations
Future Projections of Climate Change
Physical Impact
Biological Impact
Agrobiological Impact
Impact of Climate change on soil
Effect of elevated CO2 in plant growth and development
Effect of high temperature on crop growth and development
Interaction effect of high temperature and CO2 on crop yield
Impact of drought stress on crop growth and yield
Technologies related to adaptation to climate change
Case study
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long
run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal
temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate
change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.
different stress effects on the plant and plant's adaption to the stress to manage it,all these discussed in detail in this presentation, what happens to the plants when stress happen is in presentation in details
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long
run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal
temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate
change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.
different stress effects on the plant and plant's adaption to the stress to manage it,all these discussed in detail in this presentation, what happens to the plants when stress happen is in presentation in details
Seed is the basic and most vital input of agriculture and food security. The seed industry is the cornerstone of global food security; food security depends on seed securityBut seed industries are facing a basket of emerging problems has narrowed down the smooth pursuance of enhanced productivity and quality. Among these, the burning issue of climate change and its possible consequences on agricultural production has received importance late, but the problem is very real. So, Climate change presents a profound challenge to food security and development.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED.pptxSGowriShankar5
The Earth's climate has varied vastly in the history. Climate change is the change that can be attributed directly or laterally to mortal exertion that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over similar time ages. The climate sensitivity of agriculture is uncertain, as there is regional variation in rainfall, temperature, crops and cropping systems, soils and management practices. Increase in water and air pollution causing migration of birds and animals as well as decrease in drinking water availability. So, Changes occurred in flowering and fruiting time of crops causing scarcity of fodder in area was affected most impact on Climate Change. The crop losses may increase if the predicted climate change increases the climate variability. Climate change will have its impact on the particulars like Vulnerability to Extreme Events, Impacts on Coastal Areas, Impacts on Biodiversity, Impacts on Pest, Impact of Climate Change on Disease and Crop Loss. The intermittent famines hang seriously the livelihood of billions of people who depend on land for utmost of their requirements. Among the greenhouse effects, CO2 is the predominant gas leading to global warming as it traps long surge radiation and emits it back to the earth surface. The global warming is nothing but heating of surface atmosphere due to emission of greenhouse gases, thereby increasing global atmospheric temperature over a long period of time. There is strong evidence of increase in average global air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising of average global sea levels. The policies and the mission should ensure the Sustainability of the agricultural development. The need of the hour is strengthening the agricultural policies and programme to address the issues related to impact of climate change.
Keyword: Climate change, Global warming, Impact in Agriculture.
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Impact of climate change on crop growth and productivity.ppt
1. 1
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU KRISHI VISHWAVIDALAYA
Jabalpur (M.P)
CREDIT SEMINAR 2021-2022
PRESENTED BY
MADHANA KEERTHANA S
Ph.D(Ag.) II year
Roll No. 200130001
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE JABALPUR (M.P)
Impact of climate change on
crop growth and productivity
2. Outline
Introduction
Causes of Climate Change
Global warming
GHG concentrations
Future Projections of Climate Change
Physical Impact
Biological Impact
Agrobiological Impact
Impact of Climate change on soil
Effect of elevated CO2 in plant growth and development
Effect of high temperature on crop growth and development
Interaction effect of high temperature and CO2 on crop yield
Impact of drought stress on crop growth and yield
Technologies related to adaptation to climate change
Case study
3. What is the difference between weather
and climate?
4. Climate change
Climate change is a significant and lanting change
in the statistical distribution of weather patterns
over periods ranging from decades to million of
years.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that
plays a major part in shaping the earth’s climate.
5. Causes of climate change
Natural causes
Change in earth”s orbit
Solar variation
Volcanic eruptions
Ocean currents
Internal climate variability
Anthropogenic causes
Fossil fuels (Transport, Industries,
Urbanization)
Agriculture ( Fertilizers)
Land use changes ( Deforestation,
upsetting grasslands and croplands)
6. Global warming
Global warming is defined as the increase in the temperature
of globe due to transmission of increasing shortwave radiation
from the sun and the absorption of outgoing long wave
radiation from the earth by greenhouse gases.
Phenomenon is called Green house effect or Natural
Greenhouse effect.
It is most commonly measured as the average increase in
Earth’s global surface temperature.
GHG - CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), per-
fluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
10. Period CO2 Meth
ane
Nitrous
oxide
CFC HFC Perfluro-
methane
Pre-industrial
con.
288
ppm
848
ppb
288
ppb
0 0 40
ppt
Tropospheric
Concentration
389
ppm
1940
ppb
385
ppb
268
ppt
14
ppt
80
ppt
Global
warming
potential 1 21-25 310 0.4 0.55 1
Atmospheric
life time
50 to
200
years
12-77
years
114-120
years
102
years
260
Years
>50,000
years
Earth past and current levels in global greenhouse
gas concentrations, rates of change and atmospheric lifetime
11. • Carbon dioxide concentration 415
ppm
• Mean temperature increased by
~10C
• 5 warmest years from 2015 to
2019
• Seasons shifting
• Rainfall variability and intensity is
increasing
• Glaciers retreating
• Sea level rising
• New insects and diseases
emerging
11
IPCC- Assessment Report (2014)
Climate is Changing For Worse
12. Future Projections of Climate Change
• Global mean temperature to increase by 3.7 to 4.80C by 2100
• Sea level to rise 50 cm by 2100
• Cyclones are fiercer, more frequent: Amphan, Nisarga, Fani
• Biotic stresses are more aggressive: Locust
IPCC(2018), Pathak et al.(2019)
cyclone Heat wave Flood Drought
Frequency
14. 1928 2000
The South Cascade glacier retreated dramatically in the 20th century
Courtesy of the USGS glacier group
Physical Impact
Melting of Glaciers
Poleward expansion of arable land- Conversion of low
temperature limited area into agricultural land.
Glaciers are retreating all over the world
15. Occurrence of natural calamities
Source: CRED, 2020
Occurrence by disaster type: 2020 compared to 2000- 2019 annual
average.
18. Total sea level change between 1992 and 2014, based on data collected
from the U.S./European Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 satellites.
Credit: NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio
21. Loss of biodiversity/genetic erosion
As a result of climate change, species and ecosystems
are experiencing changes in:
ranges
growth rates
relative abundance of species
– cycling of water and nutrients
– the risk of disturbance from fire,
insects, and invasive species
22. Timing of Biological Activity
Some seasonal biological activities
are happening 15-20 days earlier
than several decades ago:
Trees blooming earlier
Migrating birds arriving earlier
Butterflies emerging earlier
Changes in timing differ from
species to species, so ecological
interactions are disrupted.
European pied
flycatcher chicks are
now born later than the
caterpillars they eat.
Images used under the
terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License.
23. Impacts in the Pacific Coastline (Geographical shifting )
Shifting Ranges of Checkerspot Butterflies
Edith’s checkerspot: range has shifted northward and to
higher elevations over 40+ years
Quino checkerspot: first endangered species for which
climate change is officially listed as a threat and as a factor
in the plan for its recovery
24. Range Shifts
Species are relocating to areas
with more tolerable climate
conditions.
Range shifts particularly
threaten species that:
cannot move fast enough
depend on conditions that are
becoming more rare (like sea ice)
Plant hardiness zone maps, 1990 and
2006. Most zones shifted northward in
this period.
Map courtesy of the National Arbor Day Foundation.
25. Spreading of Disease and pests
Response of Insect Pests to Increased Temperature
26. Agrobiological impact
Global
warming
Enhanced GHG
emission
Enhanced microbial
decomposition &
Nutrient volatilization
loss
Occurrence of
frequent climatic
extremes
Shortening of
cooling/prolonged
warm duration
Reduced water
availability
Loss of
biodiversity
Reduction in crop
physical & chemical
quality
Reduction in
biomass & yield of
crop
Change in
cropping pattern
Shortening of crop
growth/duration
Reduction in Pn,
Increase dark &
photorespiration
27. Impact of Climate change on soil
Increased
Mineralization &
volatilization loss
Greater
Evapotranspiration
Soil moisture
deficit
Increased
salinization
Greater microbial
decomposition
Soil health
28. Effect of elevated CO2 in plant growth and development
Decrease in
-Stomatal conductance
-Stomatal index
-Rubisco content/leaf area
- Crop quality – C:N
ratio, starch, protein,
lipid, scent, grain
density
Increase in
-LAI
-Seed yield
-TDM partitioning
-Photosynthesis
-No. of grains
-Grain weight per plant
-WUE
-Requirement of macro and micro
nutrients
- Crop quality -
Chalkiness
29. Contd…
C3 crops are benefited, C4 crops are unaffected.
More beneficial for fodder, sugarcane, potato (root
foliage crops).
Increase in CO2 con. increases photosynthesis.
C/N ratio of C3 plants increases depleting nutritional
quality.
30. Effect of high temperature on crop growth and
development
Decreased ration of photosynthesis to photorespiration
Decreased ration of gross photosynthesis to dark respiration in
warmer condition
Increased temperature reduced solubility of CO2 compared with
O2 and reduced specificity of Rubisco at higher temperature
High temperature coincide with flowering and grain filling lead to
spikelet sterility and distorted seed set.
High temperature stress is accompanied by water deficit stress
Cell membrane stability decrease
Leaf senescence increase
Grain number and grain size decrease
Starch synthesis decrease
Grain filling rate decrease and grain filling duration decrease
Grain quality decrease (starch decrease, protein content
decrease, Zinc and Fe content decreases).
31. Positive effect of
rising atmospheric
CO2 level on crop
productivity
Net gain in crop
productivity
Negative effect of
rising atmospheric
temperature on crop
productivity
25%
20%
(5%)
IPCC, 2007 (AR4)
Interaction effect of high temperature and CO2 on crop
yield
32. REDUCED PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is an integrated process that is being altered
by both environmental and genetic control.
Both stomatal and non stomatal limitation are seen.
In Stomatal Limitation,
a) CO2 availability at the site of Rubisco is reduced.
b) Due to this further production of sucrose is hindered .
In Non Stomatal Limitation,
a)Co2 is available but the RuBP regeneration is affected .
b) It is due to Reduced ATP synthesis and reduced NADPH
level.
Impact of drought stress on crop growth and yield
34. Conventional Technologies related to adaptation to climate
change
Agro-biodiversity
Planting of drought resistant varieties of crops
Crop diversification and new varieties
Change in cropping pattern and calendar of planting
Mixed cropping
Improved irrigation efficiency
Adopting soil conservation measures that conserve
soil moisture
Cover crops
Adaptive crops
Planting of trees (afforestation) and agroforestry
35. Modern Technologies related to adaptation to climate
change
Use of Plant growth promoting Rhizo-bacteria
Use of Plant growth regulators
Breeding for abiotic stress resistance
Breeding for climate resilient ideotype
Use of Anti-transpirants
Application of bio-stimulants
Transgenics for climate resilience
Nanotechnology
Precision Farming
Phenomics (Non-destructive phenotyping)
36. Case study I
Objective:
To investigate the potential of salicylic acid in alleviating the adverse
effects of heat stress on photosynthesis in wheat.
Methodology
Plants were grown with/without heat stress and treated with foliar 0.5
mM SA at 15 DAS .
38. Result
Proline accumulation increased significantly on
application of SA as well as with heat stress treatment.
Heat stress induced proline biosynthesis and increased
proline content by 84.7% in comparison to control.
Application of 0.5 mM SA increased 120.0% glutamyl
kinase activity of heat-stressed plants compared with
control.
Activity of PROX reduced in no-stress and heat-
stressed plants with SA treatment. Application of 0.5
mM SA reduced PROX activity by 65.8% in stressed
plants.
