Ramnath Potai presented on approaches to mitigate climate change through studying plant responses. The presentation discussed what climate change is, its causes like greenhouse gas emissions, and its impacts like rising temperatures and sea levels. It described how stresses from climate change like drought, heat, and salinity affect plant growth. The presentation also discussed physiological responses in plants to increased CO2, temperature changes, and altered precipitation patterns. Finally, it proposed mitigation approaches like breeding stress-tolerant crops, agroforestry, and improved water management.
impact of climate change on disease developement and managementprakash mani kumar
climate play an important role in the disease developement in plant. the effects of changes in temperature, CO2 and ozone concentrations, precipitation, and drought on the biology of pathogens and their ability to infect plants and survive in natural and agricultural environments. The climate influences the incidence as well as temporal and spatial distribution of plant diseases. Climate affects all life stages of the pathogen and host and clearly poses a challenge to many pathosystems.
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Impact of climate change on crop growth and productivity.pptMadhanaKeerthanaS
Climate change is a significant and lanting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to million of years.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that plays a major part in shaping the earth’s climate.
Introduction
Causes of Climate Change
Global warming
GHG concentrations
Future Projections of Climate Change
Physical Impact
Biological Impact
Agrobiological Impact
Impact of Climate change on soil
Effect of elevated CO2 in plant growth and development
Effect of high temperature on crop growth and development
Interaction effect of high temperature and CO2 on crop yield
Impact of drought stress on crop growth and yield
Technologies related to adaptation to climate change
Case study
impact of climate change on disease developement and managementprakash mani kumar
climate play an important role in the disease developement in plant. the effects of changes in temperature, CO2 and ozone concentrations, precipitation, and drought on the biology of pathogens and their ability to infect plants and survive in natural and agricultural environments. The climate influences the incidence as well as temporal and spatial distribution of plant diseases. Climate affects all life stages of the pathogen and host and clearly poses a challenge to many pathosystems.
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Impact of climate change on crop growth and productivity.pptMadhanaKeerthanaS
Climate change is a significant and lanting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to million of years.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that plays a major part in shaping the earth’s climate.
Introduction
Causes of Climate Change
Global warming
GHG concentrations
Future Projections of Climate Change
Physical Impact
Biological Impact
Agrobiological Impact
Impact of Climate change on soil
Effect of elevated CO2 in plant growth and development
Effect of high temperature on crop growth and development
Interaction effect of high temperature and CO2 on crop yield
Impact of drought stress on crop growth and yield
Technologies related to adaptation to climate change
Case study
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
different stress effects on the plant and plant's adaption to the stress to manage it,all these discussed in detail in this presentation, what happens to the plants when stress happen is in presentation in details
Seed is the basic and most vital input of agriculture and food security. The seed industry is the cornerstone of global food security; food security depends on seed securityBut seed industries are facing a basket of emerging problems has narrowed down the smooth pursuance of enhanced productivity and quality. Among these, the burning issue of climate change and its possible consequences on agricultural production has received importance late, but the problem is very real. So, Climate change presents a profound challenge to food security and development.
Climate Change is major thing of Environment, which we should know about it. It's effect is dangerous that many people don't think about it. I upload this PDF for encourage the students and their knowledge.
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
different stress effects on the plant and plant's adaption to the stress to manage it,all these discussed in detail in this presentation, what happens to the plants when stress happen is in presentation in details
Seed is the basic and most vital input of agriculture and food security. The seed industry is the cornerstone of global food security; food security depends on seed securityBut seed industries are facing a basket of emerging problems has narrowed down the smooth pursuance of enhanced productivity and quality. Among these, the burning issue of climate change and its possible consequences on agricultural production has received importance late, but the problem is very real. So, Climate change presents a profound challenge to food security and development.
Climate Change is major thing of Environment, which we should know about it. It's effect is dangerous that many people don't think about it. I upload this PDF for encourage the students and their knowledge.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
1. Presented By,
Ramnath Potai
Ph.D 1st year
Department of
Agronomy
Approaches to mitigate climate change
through studies on plant responses
College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.)
PRESENTATION
ON
2. What is Climate Change?
Climate change occurs when changes in Earth’s
climate system result in new weather patterns
that remain in place for an extended period of
time.
As per the reports climate change may be due to
natural internal processes or external forcing
such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic
eruptions, and anthropogenic changes in the
composition of the atmosphere or in land use
(IPCC, 2014).
3. Cont...
The main human influence on global climate is likely
to be emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) such
as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4),
Nitrous oxide, Hydro flurocarbons (HFCs), Per
flurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
The global increase in carbon dioxide concentration
are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use
change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide
are primarily due to agriculture.
4. WHY CLIMATE CHANGE A
CONCERN ?
In the 21st century, the Earth’s average temperature
is expected to increase from 2 to 4.5 ◦C. (According
to IPCC-2014)
Sea levels to rise 7-23 inches by the year 21st
century.
Annual river run off and water availability will
increase at high latitudes and decrease in some dry
regions at mid-latitudes and in the tropics.
Changes in rainfall and the disappearance of
glaciers.
The ability of ecosystems to naturally adapt to
changes in climate is likely to be severely reduced.
5. Adaptation and Mitigation
Adaptation – Adaptation addresses the impact of
climate change. Adaptation will not be able to
eliminate all negative impacts because its an
adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual climatic stimuli.
Mitigation : Mitigation addresses the cause of
climate change. It is an intervention to reduce the
emission sources or enhance the sinks of
greenhouse gases. It has a long term effect
because of the inertia of the climatic system.
6. Stress & Crops
Stresses (Biotic and abiotic) can reduce average
plant productivity by 65 to 87% (Sade et al., 2011)
depending on the crop.
Climate change have a severe impact on the
abiotic stresses which ultimately affects the
growth and development.
Proper use of breeding approaches to abiotic
stresses can reduce the losses in productivity and
cost of cultivation.
7. Environmental conditions that can
cause stress
Water-logging & drought
High or low temperatures
Excessive soil salinity
Low oxygen
Phytotoxic compounds
Inadequate mineral in the soil
Too much or too little light
8. PLANT RESPONSE TO STRESS
Stresses trigger a wide range of plant responses.
Altered gene expression
Cellular metabolism
Changes in growth rates and crop yields
Changes in gene expression to
stress
A stress response is initiated when plants
recognizes stress at the cellular level.
Stress recognition activates signal transduction
pathways that transmit information within the
individual cell and throughout the plant .
Changes in gene expression may modify growth
and development and even influence
9. Tolerance Mechanism
1. Anti freeze proteins (AFP)
Declines rate of ice crystal growth
Lowers the efficiency of ice nucleation sites
Lowers temp. at which ice forms
2. Osmoprotectants
Osmolytes- quarternary amines, amino acids, sugar
alcohols
Balances the osmotic potential of externally increased
osmotic pressure
3. Cell wall/membrane porosity : water should remain in
Apoplast.
4. Increase in unsaturated fatty acid in membrane
5. Short stature : plant absorbs ground radiation
6. Low leaf area and higher leaf thickness
7. Higher root to shoot percent
8. Dormancy
10. Physiological Responses to
Climate Change
Climate change significantly affect plant function
and via four main impacts:
1. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations
2. Changes in air temperature
3. Changes in water supply
4. Changes to the radiation regime
11. Increased C02 Level
Increased CO2 affect the transpiration.
The level of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
determines the degree of stomatal opening and
hence transpiration rate. Specifically, if CO2
levels increase, fewer stomata open and the rate
of transpiration decreases.
The pronounce effect of the increased CO2 will
be on C3 plants and that too will be the positive
one. But the effect of elevated CO2 will not be too
profound for the C4 and CAM plant species,
almost due to their efficiency in utilization of CO2
in low CO2 levels, hence will not be much
benefited.
12. Mitigation Approaches
Practicing agro-forestry can promote soil carbon
sequestration while also improving agro-
ecosystem function and resilience to climate
extremes by enriching soil fertility and soil water
retention.
Producing bio-energy can lead to reduced
greenhouse gas emissions via substitution of
fossil fuels.
13. Increased atmospheric
temperature
The increased temperature coupled with the
elevated CO2 will be reduced stomatal aperture
which will transpire less water but the
transpiration will be less, which cannot
compensate rate of cooling over the increasing
leaf temperature and the leaves starts
senescence.
The overall crop duration will be reduced and
hence plants cannot sink the matter what we can
call it as yield.
All the plant growth stages are more prone to the
temperature and in all the flowering and the grain
filling stages.
14. Mitigation approaches
For breeding approaches such as introducing the
heat tolerance genes that are more present in the
wild relatives of the various crop species.
The same may be either easily transferred in to
the cultivated species or if not, by use of
biotechnology it is possible.
To introduce the C4 cycle in to the C3 crop plants
to harness the potential to with stand the wider
temperature range and more source to sink
relation.
Introduction of heat shock proteins in the
chloroplast will provide the protection to some
extent.
15. Changed pattern of
precipitation
The effect of climate change will increase
precipitation in future, its distribution will be erratic
and less predictive lead to flooding in one region
and stress on the other.
The theoretical assumption on plant response
indicate that the water use efficiency of the crop
plants will increased may be due to the reduced
stomatal aperture and the transpiration losses will
be reduced.
At the same time affecting plant productivity will
be linked to simultaneous temperature and
precipitation changes that influence soil water
status and the ratio of evaporative demands to
precipitation.
16. Mitigation approaches
In severe stress areas shift to the adapting
drought tolerant crops species e.g. like Bajra,
Sorghum.
By genetic manipulation of the genetic make of
the crop plants either introduction of some novel
genes for drought resistance or tolerance from
the wild relatives as well as that is present in vast
germplasm resources by conventional breeding
or with use of biotechnological tools or by genetic
engineering.
The problem with some extend can be resolved
by proper water conservation practices both on
field basis as well as planning basis.
17. Salinity Stress
Due to increased sea level in coastal area,
increase in salinity will be the major problem.
Physiologically, salinity imposes an initial water
deficit that results ion-specific stresses resulting
from altered K+/Na+ ratios, and leads to a build
up in Na + and Cl - concentrations that harms the
plants.
Salt stress reflected in loss of turgor, growth
reduction, wilting, leaf curling, leaf abscission,
decreased photosynthesis, respiratory changes,
loss of cellular integrity, tissue necrosis, and
potentially death of the plant.
18. Mitigation approaches
The accumulation of polyols ( manitol , sorbitol ,
inositol) related to drought and salinity stress
tolerance in many plant species .
Tobacco transformed to express mt1D into
chloroplasts showed oxidative stress tolerance .
Proline, in abiotic stress conditions it increases in
plants E.g. Solanaceae species an increase their
proline pool by more than two magnitude in stress
condition.
Glycinebetaine quaternary ammonium compound in
plants, its accumulation in abiotic stress response and
acts as osmoprotectant by stabilizing both the
quaternary structure of proteins and the highly
ordered structure of membranes.