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Immune response 2012
- 1. How does the body protect itself from the invasion of pathogens? What are pathogens?
- 2. bacteria viruses Pathogens “Germs” fungi protists
- 4. Pathogen - an infectious agent that can cause disease in its host
- 5. How does the body defend itself ?
- 7. How does the body prevent pathogens from entering? First Line of Defense Physical Barriers Chemical Barriers
- 8. Where can pathogens enter the body?
- 12. What happens if the pathogens get through the first line of defense? Second Line Of Defense Inflammation
- 13. phagocytosis
- 15. What happens if the first and second lines of defense are not enough to stop the pathogens?
- 16. The third (and last) line of defense: The Immune Response
- 17. Antigen - any substance that is recognized as foreign to the body and stimulates an immune response
- 18. Lymphatic system
- 19. Lymphatic System • absorbs and transports digested fat from the small intestine • transports lymph - a tissue- cleaning fluid • transports white blood cells villus
- 20. A Lymph Node Paul Revere
- 21. How is a lymph node like a police station?
- 22. Antigen Receptor r Phagocyte Helper T cell
- 23. -Why? Phagocyte Helper T cell Helper T cell - Sounds the alarm What does a helper T-cell “say”?
- 24. Help!!! The helper T-cell activates the rest of the immune system
- 25. Antibodie Y sY Y YY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y B Cells Killer T Cells
- 26. Antibody B Cell Helper T cell
- 27. B cell Antibodies Memory B Cell B Cell What does a memory B cell say?
- 28. NEVER FORGET!!! Memory B Cell
- 29. What is Immunity? the ability of the body to resist a disease
- 33. Memory cells remain ready JIC… Macrophages “clean up” debris “Army” of B and T cells attack antigen & infected cells (B cells make antibodies etc…) Activated B cells and T cells divide; form more B and T cells and memory cells Helper T cells activate B cells and Killer T cells Helper T cell activated Macrophage displays antigen to Helper T cell Macrophages engulf, destroy antigen Antigen enters body
- 34. What is the first line of defense? Physical and chemical barriers What is the second line of defense? Inflammation What is the third line of defense? The Immune Response
- 35. If you have the chicken pox once why don’t you (usually) get it again?
- 36. NEVER FORGET!!! Memory B Cell
- 37. How is the secondary response different from the primary response?
- 39. How is the secondary response different from the primary response? Secondary immune response is stronger, faster, and longer than the primary response.
- 40. What is a vaccine? A weakened or dead pathogen put into the body to stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells (immune response)
- 41. How is a vaccine like sparring?
- 42. How do vaccines protect us from disease? Vaccines activate the primary immune response (stimulate the body to produce antibodies and memory cells)
- 43. A boy became ill with the chicken pox and recovered. A year later, he was exposed to the same disease again but did not become ill. Why didn’t he develop chicken pox after the second exposure? Explain using the following terms: primary immune response, secondary immune response, memory cells, antibodies, antigen
- 44. When the boy got infected the first time his primary immune response was activated and he made antibodies to attack the antigen. His immune cells divided and left behind memory cells. When he got infected the second time his memory cells made the secondary immune response fight the disease faster and stronger, so he didn’t even get sick..
- 47. For each kind of pathogen the body makes specific antibodies (and cells of the immune system) that recognize it
- 48. Active Immunity Passive Immunity You make You don’t make the antibodies the antibodies Exposure to - injection antigen - breastfeeding - vaccine - infection
- 50. The Immune Response 1. Antigen enters body 2. Macrophages engulf and destroy antigen or cell infected with antigen
- 51. The Immune Response 3. Macrophage displays antigen to helper T cells (activating them) 4. Activated Helper T cell activates B cells and Killer T cells
- 52. The Immune Response 5. Activated B cells form memory B cells and plasma cells (which make antibodies) Activated T cells form memory T cells and killer T cells
- 53. The Immune Response 6. Antibodies bind to free antigen and target them for destruction by macrophages Killer T cells destroy infected cells
- 54. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ How viruses infect cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2h0ECyMWhE HIV destroying Helper T cells