After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe: The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation. The anatomy of displacement or deformity. Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines. Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment. Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.

1. Dr.AkramJaffar
Imaging Anatomy of Fractures and Dislocations inImaging Anatomy of Fractures and Dislocations in
the Upper Limbthe Upper Limb
Mallet fingerMallet finger
Akram Jaffar, Ph.D.
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2. Dr.AkramJaffar
References and suggested reading
• Ellis H (2006): Clinical anatomy, A revision and applied anatomy for clinical students.
11th
Ed. Blackwell Publishing. Massachusetts.
• Moore KL et al. (2013): Clinically Orientated Anatomy. 7th Ed. Lippincott, Williams &
Wilkins. Philadelphia.
• Hamblen DL & Simpson HRW (2007): Adam’s outline of fractures including joint
injuries. 12th
ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Edinburgh.
• Solomon L, Warwick DJ & Nayagam S (2001): Apley's System of Orthopedics and
Fractures. 8th ed. Arnold Publishing.

3. Dr.AkramJaffar
Objectives
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
• The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
• The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
• Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
• Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
• Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.

4. Dr.AkramJaffar
Carpal bones ossification
• All are cartilaginous at birth
• Each carpal bone ossifies from one center.
• The largest bone (capitate) ossifies first (1st
year)
and The others ossify in sequence according to
size.
2 years At birth
C H

5. Dr.AkramJaffar
Metacarpals & phalanges ossification
• At birth the epiphyses are cartilaginous
• The epiphyses ossify at the 2nd
year and fuse at 20
years
• The epiphyseal plates are located at the proximal
ends of the phalanges
• The epiphyseal plates are located at the distal ends
of the metacarpals EXCEPT the thumb
2 years At birth

6. Dr.AkramJaffar
Mallet finger
• Rupture of the extensor tendon near its
insertion with or without avulsion fracture of
the base of the distal phalanx.

7. Dr.AkramJaffar
Mallet finger
• Rupture of the extensor tendon near its
insertion with or without avulsion fracture of
the base of the distal phalanx.