This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the lower limb. It describes the bones, joints, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and surface landmarks. The key bones discussed are the femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Major joints include the hip, knee, ankle. Muscle groups are organized by location such as gluteal, thigh, leg compartments. The lumbar and sacral plexuses and their branches are outlined. Arterial supply originates from the common iliac artery.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper extremity. It describes the 32 bones that make up the skeleton of the upper limb, including the scapula and clavicle that form the pectoral girdle and the 30 bones that comprise the free part of the upper limb. It also details the major joints of the upper extremity, including the glenohumeral joint, elbow joint, and wrist joints. Additionally, it outlines the muscles of the upper limb, their origins, insertions, and innervation by the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus and its formation from spinal nerve roots C5-T1 is also summarized.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
This is a presentation for 1st year medical students, Anatomy course, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine,Mansoura University,Mansoura,Egypt.
We are talking about the upper limb skeleton, starting with general features of three bones which are:
Clavicle, Scapula & Humerus.
I hope you can get benefit of it.
Enjoy my friends.....
This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
This document discusses knee joint injuries, including:
- The medial collateral ligament is most commonly torn from lateral impacts on the knee. Tears often involve the anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus as well.
- The lateral meniscus is less commonly injured than the medial meniscus due to its increased mobility.
- MRI is useful for assessing potential tears to ligaments and menisci.
- Dislocations of the knee can cause injuries to the popliteal artery and common peroneal nerve.
Imaging anatomy injuries of the leg and footAkram Jaffar
Ā
This document discusses injuries to the lower limb, including fractures and dislocations. It describes the anatomy of bones in the leg such as the fibula and tibia. Specific fracture locations are examined, including the neck of the fibula which can injure the common peroneal nerve. Ossification patterns of bones in the leg and foot from birth through adulthood are also outlined. Ligament injuries that can occur from ankle twisting are explained.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper extremity. It describes the 32 bones that make up the skeleton of the upper limb, including the scapula and clavicle that form the pectoral girdle and the 30 bones that comprise the free part of the upper limb. It also details the major joints of the upper extremity, including the glenohumeral joint, elbow joint, and wrist joints. Additionally, it outlines the muscles of the upper limb, their origins, insertions, and innervation by the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus and its formation from spinal nerve roots C5-T1 is also summarized.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
This is a presentation for 1st year medical students, Anatomy course, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine,Mansoura University,Mansoura,Egypt.
We are talking about the upper limb skeleton, starting with general features of three bones which are:
Clavicle, Scapula & Humerus.
I hope you can get benefit of it.
Enjoy my friends.....
This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
This document discusses knee joint injuries, including:
- The medial collateral ligament is most commonly torn from lateral impacts on the knee. Tears often involve the anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus as well.
- The lateral meniscus is less commonly injured than the medial meniscus due to its increased mobility.
- MRI is useful for assessing potential tears to ligaments and menisci.
- Dislocations of the knee can cause injuries to the popliteal artery and common peroneal nerve.
Imaging anatomy injuries of the leg and footAkram Jaffar
Ā
This document discusses injuries to the lower limb, including fractures and dislocations. It describes the anatomy of bones in the leg such as the fibula and tibia. Specific fracture locations are examined, including the neck of the fibula which can injure the common peroneal nerve. Ossification patterns of bones in the leg and foot from birth through adulthood are also outlined. Ligament injuries that can occur from ankle twisting are explained.
Imaging anatomy dislocation of the hip jointAkram Jaffar
Ā
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
Applied anatomy common peroneal nerve injuryAkram Jaffar
Ā
The common peroneal nerve is most commonly injured in the lower limb because it winds superficially around the neck of the fibula. Injury to this nerve can result in foot drop and foot inversion due to paralysis of the muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg. This causes the patient to have an abnormal "steppage gait" and sensory loss on the front and sides of the leg and foot. Surgical treatment may involve rerouting the tibialis posterior muscle, which is innervated by the intact tibial nerve, to the dorsal foot to help correct deformities caused by common peroneal nerve injury.
This document provides an overview of the muscular anatomy of the upper limb. It begins by outlining the parts of the upper limb and then describes the individual muscles within the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. The document also discusses the muscular spaces in the upper limb like the axilla, cubital fossa, and anatomical snuff box. It concludes with some examples of how knowledge of muscular anatomy relates to radiological imaging and diagnosis, and provides multiple choice questions to test comprehension.
Imaging anatomy fracture of the clavicleAkram Jaffar
Ā
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
The document discusses lumbosacral plexus surgery. It describes the lumbosacral plexus anatomy and its innervation. It notes that lumbosacral plexus injuries are rare and difficult to diagnose due to their location and variable patient presentations. Surgical treatment of these injuries is also challenging due to the complex anatomy. The document outlines various surgical techniques for treating lumbosacral plexus injuries or tumors, including neurolysis, nerve grafting, and tumor resection. Post-operative results are provided for several cases with most patients experiencing good functional recovery.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the knee joint, including the bones (femur, tibia, fibula, patella), muscles, ligaments, meniscus, nerves, arteries and veins. It describes range of motion and various neurological, reflex and specific tests. It also lists several knee disorders such as patellar issues, ligament injuries, and genu conditions.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb. It begins with the surface anatomy and skeleton, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. It then details the major joints of the upper limb. The bulk of the document describes the muscles of the upper limb grouped by region, including the muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and movements they enable at the elbow and wrist. For each muscle, the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply are specified. Clinical notes on related bone injuries are also provided.
bones of lower limb and anatomy of lower limbsadhamhussain52
Ā
comment your suggestions ,
specially prepared for AHS students ,
its very easy to understand ,
keep learning ,
all the best ,
see you later .
contact : 7094228366.
The document provides a detailed overview of the radiographic anatomy of the upper limb, including the bones and joints. It describes the key anatomical features of the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. It also discusses the shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint, and hand. Evaluation criteria for obtaining proper radiographs of these structures in different projections are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of the surface anatomy of the upper limb. It begins by outlining the objectives of being able to palpate bony prominences, muscles, tendons, arteries, and veins. Surface anatomy is then defined as examining external body shapes and markings as they relate to deeper structures. The document then describes in detail the surface landmarks that can be palpated in the clavicle, shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, axilla, and arterial patterns.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
Upper Limb Anatomy (Brachium, Antibrachium & Hand)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
Imaging anatomy fractures of the humerusAkram Jaffar
Ā
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
1. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally and has no medullary cavity. It is the first bone to start ossifying in the fetus and the last bone to finish ossifying at age 25.
2. The clavicle has two ends - the lateral end articulates with the acromion at the acromioclavicular joint, while the medial end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
3. Fractures of the clavicle most commonly occur just lateral to the midpoint, where the two curves of the bone meet.
The radius is the lateral bone of the forearm. Its proximal end articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint, while its distal end articulates with carpal bones at the wrist joint. The radius has four joints - the elbow joint, superior radioulnar joint, inferior radioulnar joint, and wrist joint. Fractures of the radius can occur in the head, neck, or shaft of the bone.
The tibia is the main bone of the leg located on the medial side. It has an upper end with medial and lateral condyles that form the tibial plateau and articulate with the femur. The shaft is triangular in shape with borders and surfaces. The lower end widens and has a medial malleolus and fibular notch. Muscles and ligaments attach along borders and surfaces to allow for movement and stability of the knee and ankle joints.
This document summarizes a lecture on lower limb anatomy presented by Dr. Yasir Jameel. It discusses the anatomy of the knee, including osteology, ligaments, and radiographic views. It also covers the anatomy of the leg, including muscle compartments, specific muscles, nerves like the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and arteries like the tibial posterior artery. The presentation provides detailed diagrams to illustrate the topographic, osteological, and structural anatomy of the knee and leg regions.
The lower limb muscles are larger and stronger than the upper limb muscles. They function in stability, locomotion, and posture. The lower limb muscles can be divided into muscles of the hip, thigh, leg, and foot. The major muscle groups that move the thigh are the gluteals and adductors, which originate on the pelvic girdle and insert on the femur. The muscles of the leg are divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments by deep fascia. The intrinsic muscles of the foot originate and insert within the foot and are responsible for toe movements and supporting the arches.
This document summarizes congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) including its epidemiology, classifications, clinical assessment methods, and treatment approaches. Clubfoot is more common in boys and often bilateral. It involves four main deformities: equinus, varus, adduction, and cavus. Treatment options include serial casting using the Ponseti method (non-operative) or soft tissue release surgery. The Ponseti method involves weekly cast changes to gradually correct the deformities followed by a percutaneous Achilles tenotomy in resistant cases. Bracing is then used to maintain the correction. Surgery is reserved for resistant or recurrent clubfeet.
Imaging anatomy dislocation of the hip jointAkram Jaffar
Ā
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
Applied anatomy common peroneal nerve injuryAkram Jaffar
Ā
The common peroneal nerve is most commonly injured in the lower limb because it winds superficially around the neck of the fibula. Injury to this nerve can result in foot drop and foot inversion due to paralysis of the muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg. This causes the patient to have an abnormal "steppage gait" and sensory loss on the front and sides of the leg and foot. Surgical treatment may involve rerouting the tibialis posterior muscle, which is innervated by the intact tibial nerve, to the dorsal foot to help correct deformities caused by common peroneal nerve injury.
This document provides an overview of the muscular anatomy of the upper limb. It begins by outlining the parts of the upper limb and then describes the individual muscles within the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. The document also discusses the muscular spaces in the upper limb like the axilla, cubital fossa, and anatomical snuff box. It concludes with some examples of how knowledge of muscular anatomy relates to radiological imaging and diagnosis, and provides multiple choice questions to test comprehension.
Imaging anatomy fracture of the clavicleAkram Jaffar
Ā
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
The document discusses lumbosacral plexus surgery. It describes the lumbosacral plexus anatomy and its innervation. It notes that lumbosacral plexus injuries are rare and difficult to diagnose due to their location and variable patient presentations. Surgical treatment of these injuries is also challenging due to the complex anatomy. The document outlines various surgical techniques for treating lumbosacral plexus injuries or tumors, including neurolysis, nerve grafting, and tumor resection. Post-operative results are provided for several cases with most patients experiencing good functional recovery.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the knee joint, including the bones (femur, tibia, fibula, patella), muscles, ligaments, meniscus, nerves, arteries and veins. It describes range of motion and various neurological, reflex and specific tests. It also lists several knee disorders such as patellar issues, ligament injuries, and genu conditions.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb. It begins with the surface anatomy and skeleton, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. It then details the major joints of the upper limb. The bulk of the document describes the muscles of the upper limb grouped by region, including the muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and movements they enable at the elbow and wrist. For each muscle, the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply are specified. Clinical notes on related bone injuries are also provided.
bones of lower limb and anatomy of lower limbsadhamhussain52
Ā
comment your suggestions ,
specially prepared for AHS students ,
its very easy to understand ,
keep learning ,
all the best ,
see you later .
contact : 7094228366.
The document provides a detailed overview of the radiographic anatomy of the upper limb, including the bones and joints. It describes the key anatomical features of the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. It also discusses the shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint, and hand. Evaluation criteria for obtaining proper radiographs of these structures in different projections are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of the surface anatomy of the upper limb. It begins by outlining the objectives of being able to palpate bony prominences, muscles, tendons, arteries, and veins. Surface anatomy is then defined as examining external body shapes and markings as they relate to deeper structures. The document then describes in detail the surface landmarks that can be palpated in the clavicle, shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, axilla, and arterial patterns.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
Upper Limb Anatomy (Brachium, Antibrachium & Hand)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
Imaging anatomy fractures of the humerusAkram Jaffar
Ā
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to the etiology of a fracture or dislocation.
The anatomy of displacement or deformity.
Imaging anatomy features and how to differentiate from epiphyseal lines.
Anatomy related to correct relocation and alignment.
Anatomical complications of a fracture or dislocation.
1. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally and has no medullary cavity. It is the first bone to start ossifying in the fetus and the last bone to finish ossifying at age 25.
2. The clavicle has two ends - the lateral end articulates with the acromion at the acromioclavicular joint, while the medial end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
3. Fractures of the clavicle most commonly occur just lateral to the midpoint, where the two curves of the bone meet.
The radius is the lateral bone of the forearm. Its proximal end articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint, while its distal end articulates with carpal bones at the wrist joint. The radius has four joints - the elbow joint, superior radioulnar joint, inferior radioulnar joint, and wrist joint. Fractures of the radius can occur in the head, neck, or shaft of the bone.
The tibia is the main bone of the leg located on the medial side. It has an upper end with medial and lateral condyles that form the tibial plateau and articulate with the femur. The shaft is triangular in shape with borders and surfaces. The lower end widens and has a medial malleolus and fibular notch. Muscles and ligaments attach along borders and surfaces to allow for movement and stability of the knee and ankle joints.
This document summarizes a lecture on lower limb anatomy presented by Dr. Yasir Jameel. It discusses the anatomy of the knee, including osteology, ligaments, and radiographic views. It also covers the anatomy of the leg, including muscle compartments, specific muscles, nerves like the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and arteries like the tibial posterior artery. The presentation provides detailed diagrams to illustrate the topographic, osteological, and structural anatomy of the knee and leg regions.
The lower limb muscles are larger and stronger than the upper limb muscles. They function in stability, locomotion, and posture. The lower limb muscles can be divided into muscles of the hip, thigh, leg, and foot. The major muscle groups that move the thigh are the gluteals and adductors, which originate on the pelvic girdle and insert on the femur. The muscles of the leg are divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments by deep fascia. The intrinsic muscles of the foot originate and insert within the foot and are responsible for toe movements and supporting the arches.
This document summarizes congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) including its epidemiology, classifications, clinical assessment methods, and treatment approaches. Clubfoot is more common in boys and often bilateral. It involves four main deformities: equinus, varus, adduction, and cavus. Treatment options include serial casting using the Ponseti method (non-operative) or soft tissue release surgery. The Ponseti method involves weekly cast changes to gradually correct the deformities followed by a percutaneous Achilles tenotomy in resistant cases. Bracing is then used to maintain the correction. Surgery is reserved for resistant or recurrent clubfeet.
The document summarizes several muscles of the upper limb. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of key muscles that act on the shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist and hand. Some of the major muscles discussed include:
- Pectoralis major, which flexes, adducts and rotates the arm medially at the shoulder.
- Latissimus dorsi, which extends, adducts and rotates the humerus medially, retracting the shoulder.
- Deltoid, which flexes and medially rotates the arm, abducts the arm, and extends and laterally rotates the arm.
- Triceps bra
1. The document discusses various deformities that can result from polio, including flexion-abduction deformities of the hip and paralysis of specific muscles like the gluteals.
2. Surgical procedures to correct deformities are described, such as the Ober-Yount procedure for hip flexion-abduction contractures and the Sharrard/Mustard procedures to transfer the iliopsoas muscle for gluteal paralysis.
3. Paralytic dislocation of the hip and treatment methods including reduction, muscle transfers, and osteotomies are also summarized.
This document provides information on various muscles including their action, origin, insertion, and innervation. It describes muscles of the head, neck, eye, face, trunk, shoulder, arm, forearm, gluteal region, thigh, leg, and foot. For each muscle it lists its action, origin attachment point, insertion attachment point, and the nerve that innervates it. There are over 30 muscles described.
This document provides an overview of clubfoot including terminology, epidemiology, classification, deformities, pathoanatomy, treatment approaches, and surgical management. Some key points:
- Clubfoot is a congenital foot deformity affecting 1-2 in 1000 live births. It involves four primary deformities - cavus, adduction, varus, and equinus.
- Non-operative treatment involves serial casting using the Ponseti method to gradually correct the deformities. This is followed by bracing to maintain correction.
- Surgical options are considered for resistant or recurrent cases. Procedures include soft tissue releases and osteotomies to realign the bones. The goal is to achieve
The document provides information on the anatomy and function of the pelvis, hip, knee, ankle, and foot. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Key points covered include the bones and joints of the pelvis, hip muscles and their actions, knee ligaments and movements, ankle and foot arches, and common injuries or conditions that affect the lower extremities.
This document provides an overview of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and nerves of the pelvis, hip, knee, and leg. It describes the structures and functions of the sacrum, sacroiliac joint, pelvic muscles including the gluteals, hip rotators, hip flexors and extensors, hip ligaments, and hip movements. It also covers the knee including bones, ligaments, menisci, quadriceps and hamstrings, and knee movements. Finally, it briefly discusses common knee problems such as osteoarthritis and ligament injuries.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the gluteal region. It describes the bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves, vessels, and other structures located in the gluteal region. The major muscles discussed include the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus. Their origins, insertions, nerve supplies, and actions are outlined. Common clinical conditions involving the gluteal region like piriformis syndrome, trochanteric bursitis, and post-injection paralysis are also summarized. The document aims to inform healthcare practitioners about the important anatomical structures of the gluteal region.
Pes cavus and pes planus are foot deformities characterized by high and low arches, respectively. Pes cavus, or a high arched foot, can be congenital or acquired and results in clawing of the toes. Pes planus, or a flat foot, is caused by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Both conditions can cause foot, ankle, and leg pain and abnormal shoe wear. Treatment involves orthotics, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery to correct muscle imbalances and bony deformities.
Presentation slides from our Introduction to Spinal Mobilisations workshop. This was delivered on the 20th January 2018 in our St John Street Clinic, Manchester.
- The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the front of the thigh, including its compartments, contents, muscles, vessels and nerves.
- The key structures in the front of the thigh include the quadriceps femoris muscles, the femoral artery and vein, and the femoral nerve.
- The femoral triangle is a depression in the upper front thigh bounded by muscles and ligaments that contains the femoral vessels and nerve. The adductor canal is a subsartorial canal in the middle thigh that also contains these structures.
This document summarizes the key joints and structures of the lower limb, including the hip, knee, ankle, and foot joints. It describes the bones, ligaments, muscles, blood supply and nerve innervation of each joint. The synovial joints of the lower limb allow for movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and inversion/eversion. Lymphatic drainage from the lower limb travels to either the superficial inguinal nodes or deep iliac nodes.
The anterior approach to the hip provides access to the hip joint and ilium through an incision along the anterior half of the iliac crest down to the ASIS, developing the internervous plane between the sartorius and TFL superficially and between the rectus femoris and gluteus medius deeply to expose the hip joint capsule for procedures like THA, pelvic osteotomies, and tumor excisions while avoiding injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and ligating branches of the lateral femoral circumflex artery.
USMLE MSK L006 Lower 04 Muscles of leg anatomy medical .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
Ā
The muscles of the leg are responsible for various movements, including flexion, extension, inversion, and eversion, as well as providing support during activities such as walking and running.
The muscles of the leg can be categorized into several groups based on their functions.
Understanding the actions and functions of these leg muscles is crucial for assessing and treating conditions affecting the lower extremity, such as injuries, imbalances, or musculoskeletal disorders.
arches of foot of lower limb easy for mbbs and dpt student.pptxTaroTari
Ā
This document discusses the anatomy of the foot, including fibrous sheaths, extensor hoods, arches, and small joints. It describes the medial and lateral longitudinal arches, the transverse arch, and ligament and muscle support. Small joints like the subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints are synovial joints that allow gliding and rotatory movements. The arches distribute weight and act as shock absorbers during walking and running.
Dr. Manoj Das provides an overview of examining the foot and ankle. The objectives are to assess, diagnose, and treat conditions. The anatomy is complex with 28 bones and 55 joints. The examination involves taking history, observing gait and appearance, palpating for tenderness, and assessing range of motion, neurovascular status, and performing special tests. Key areas to examine include the ankle, subtalar, and first MTP joints as well as the ligaments, tendons and bones of the foot and ankle. A thorough examination is important for accurately diagnosing and treating foot and ankle conditions.
Dr. Manoj Das' document provides an overview of examining the foot and ankle. It discusses the anatomy of the foot and ankle including bones, joints, ligaments and muscles. The examination involves taking a history, observing gait, posture and deformities, palpating for tenderness, and assessing range of motion, neurovascular status, and performing special tests. The goal is to assess, diagnose and treat conditions of the foot and ankle.
HipJoint attachment and action of musclesHarmanSaini54
Ā
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the hip joint, including its type as a ball and socket synovial joint, articular surfaces, ligaments, blood supply, nerve supply, movements, and common injuries and diseases. Key points include that it is a multiaxial joint allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The hip joint is stabilized by strong ligaments like the iliofemoral ligament and is supplied by arteries like the obturator and circumflex femoral arteries. Common conditions affecting the hip include congenital dislocation, Perthes' disease, osteoarthritis, and fractures of the femoral neck.
This document summarizes key aspects of brain anatomy and development from Chapter 14 of a 2009 John Wiley & Sons textbook. It describes the embryonic development of the brain, its major parts including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and more. It also outlines the protective coverings, blood supply, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and ventricles of the brain. Finally, it provides an overview of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and their functions.
This document discusses how to formulate clinical questions to guide searches of the medical literature. It introduces the PICO framework for structuring questions around patients, interventions, comparisons, and outcomes. Five common types of clinical questions are identified: therapy, harm, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Each question type lends itself to different study designs that provide the best evidence. Examples are provided to demonstrate how unstructured questions can be clarified using PICO. The goal is to construct answerable clinical questions that facilitate efficient literature searches.
The document discusses the anatomy of the neck region. It describes the neck as being bounded by the mandible above and clavicle below, and divided into four compartments - visceral, vertebral, and two vascular compartments. The neck contains many structures including blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes, the thyroid and parathyroid glands, and parts of the respiratory and digestive systems. The neck is further divided into triangles by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which helps to organize the various structures contained within the neck.
Head and neck anatomy 3 meningese & the brainEmad Abu Alrub
Ā
The document discusses the anatomy of the meninges and brain. It describes the three meningeal layers - dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater - that surround and protect the brain. It then covers the structures of the brainstem, diencephalon, cerebrum, cerebellum, and cranial nerves. Blood supply to the brain is discussed, along with the dural venous sinuses that drain blood from the head.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the head and neck region, including the scalp, face, and related structures. It describes the layers of the scalp, muscles such as the occipitofrontalis, innervation by nerves including the trigeminal nerve, and blood supply from arteries like the external carotid. For the face, it outlines the muscles involved in facial expressions, innervation by the trigeminal and facial nerves, and lymphatic and vascular structures. Other sections cover anatomical areas like the temporal and infratemporal fossae and related structures.
Head and neck anatomy 1 skull & neck bonesEmad Abu Alrub
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The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the head and neck region. It discusses the bones that make up the skull, including the cranium and facial skeleton. It describes the sutures that join the skull bones and details the anatomy of the skull when viewed from different angles. It also discusses the cervical vertebrae and joints of the head and neck such as the temporomandibular joint. In summary, the document is a comprehensive review of the osteology and articulations of the skull and structures of the neck.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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Letās explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Associationās Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
7. Thigh
ā¢ Femur
ā¢ Largest, longest,
strongest bone in the
body!!
ā¢ Receives a lot of stress
ā¢ Courses medially
ā¢ More in women!
ā¢ Articulates with
acetabulum proximally
ā¢ Articulates with tibia and
patella distally
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8. Patella
ā¢ Triangular sesamoid bone
ā¢ Protects knee joint
ā¢ Improves leverage of thigh
muscles acting across the knee
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3/4/2022 Dr. Emad Abu Alrub MD PhD
9. Leg bones
ā¢ Tibia
ā¢ Receives the weight of body from femur and transmits to foot
ā¢ Second to femur in size and weight
ā¢ Articulates with fibula proximally and distally
ā¢ Interosseous membrane
ā¢ Fibula
ā¢ Does NOT bear weight
ā¢ Muscle attachment
ā¢ Not part of knee joint
ā¢ Stabilize ankle joint
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10. ā¢ Anterior leg bones
ā¢ Tibia
ā¢ Tibial tuberosity
ā¢ Anterior crest
ā¢ Medial surface
ā¢ Medial malleolus
ā¢ Fibula
ā¢ Lateral malleolus
Osteology/ Bones of the Lower Limb
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11. Foot
ā¢ Function:
ā¢ Supports the weight of the
body
ā¢ Act as a lever to propel the
body forward
ā¢ Parts:
ā¢ Tarsals
ā¢ Talus = ankle
ā¢ Between tibia and fibula
ā¢ Articulates with both
ā¢ Calcaneus = heel
ā¢ Attachment for Calcaneal
tendon
ā¢ Carries talus
ā¢ Metatarsals
ā¢ Phalanges
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12. Foot
ā¢ 3 arches
ā¢ Medial
ā¢ Lateral
ā¢ Transverse
ā¢ Has tendons that run inferior to foot bones
ā¢ Help support arches of foot
Longitudinal
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13. Joints of Lower Limb
ā¢ Hip (femur + acetabulum)
ā¢ Ball + socket
ā¢ Multiaxial
ā¢ Synovial
ā¢ Knee (femur + tibia)
ā¢ Hinge (modified)
ā¢ Biaxial
ā¢ Synovial
ā¢ Contains menisci, bursa,
many ligaments
ā¢ Knee (femur + patella)
ā¢ Plane
ā¢ Gliding of patella
ā¢ Synovial
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17. Muscles of Hip and Thigh
ā¢ Gluteus
ā¢ Posterior pelvis
ā¢ Extend thigh
ā¢ Rotate thigh
ā¢ Abducts thigh
ā¢ Anterior Compartment Thigh
ā¢ Flexes thigh at hip
ā¢ Extends leg at knee
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18. ā¢ Medial/Adductor
Compartment of the thigh
ā¢ Adducts thigh
ā¢ Medially rotates thigh
ā¢ Posterior Compartment Thigh
ā¢ Extends thigh
ā¢ Flexes leg
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19. ā¢ Gluteus maximus
ā¢ Origin - Ilium, sacrum and coccyx
ā¢ Insertion - Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
ā¢ Action - Extends thigh, lateral rotation & abduction
ā¢ Innervation - Inferior gluteal nerve
ā¢ Gluteus medius & Gluteus minimus
ā¢ Origin ā posterior Ilium
ā¢ Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
ā¢ Action - Abduction, medial rotation
ā¢ Innervation - Superior gluteal nerve
ā¢ Lesser Gluteals help stabilize hip to allow fluent bipedal walking
ā¢ Tensor fasciae latae
ā¢ Origin ā iliac crest and ASIS
ā¢ Insertion ā iliotibial tract
ā¢ Action - Flex thigh, abduct thigh, medial rotation of thigh
ā¢ Innervation ā Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteals
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20. Anterior Compartment Thigh
ā¢ Quadriceps femoris
ā¢ Rectus femoris
ā¢ Origin ā anterior inferior iliac spine,
margin of acetabulum
ā¢ Insertion ā patella and tibial
tuberosity via the patellar ligament
ā¢ Action ā extends knee, flexes thigh
ā¢ Vastus lateralis
ā¢ Origin-lateral proximal femur, linea
aspera
ā¢ Vastus medialis
ā¢ Origin-medial proximal femur, linea
aspera
ā¢ Vastus intermedius
ā¢ Origin ā ant & lateral femur
ā¢ Insertion for allā patella and tibial
tuberosity via the patellar ligament
ā¢ Action ā extends knee
All above innervated by the femoral nerve!!!
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22. Adductors
ā¢ Adductor longus
ā¢ Adductor brevis
ā¢ Adductor magnus
ā¢ Origin ā inferior pelvis
ā¢ Insertion ā linea aspera of femur
ā¢ Action ā adducts and medial rotates
ā¢ Innervation ā Obturator nerve
ā¢ Pectineus
ā¢ Origin ā pectineal line of pubis
ā¢ Insertion ā lesser trochanter of femur
ā¢ Action ā adducts, medial rotates
ā¢ Innervation ā femoral, sometimes
obturator
ā¢ Gracilis
ā¢ Origin ā inferior pubic ramus
ā¢ Insertion ā medial tibia
ā¢ Action ā adducts thigh, flex, medial,
rotates leg
ā¢ Innervation ā Obturator nerve
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23. Posterior Compartment - Hamstring
ā¢ Biceps femoris (2 heads)
ā¢ Origin ā ischial tuberosity
(long) linea aspera of femur
(short)
ā¢ Insertion - lateral tibia, head
fibula
ā¢ Action - thigh extension, knee
flexion, lateral rotation
ā¢ Semitendinosus
ā¢ Semimembranosus
ā¢ Origin - ischial tuberosity
ā¢ Insertion āproximal, medial
tibia
ā¢ Action - thigh extension, knee
flexion, medial rotation
Sciatic nerve innervates all of the above muscles!!!
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24. Muscles of the Leg
ā¢ Anterior Compartment
ā¢ Dorsiflex ankle, invert foot,
extend toes
ā¢ Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
ā¢ Lateral Compartment
ā¢ Plantarflex, evert foot
ā¢ Innervation: Superficial Fibular
nerve
ā¢ Posterior Compartment
ā¢ Superficial and deep layers
ā¢ Plantarflex foot, flex toes
ā¢ Innervation: Tibial nerve
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25. Anterior Compartment
ā¢ Tibialis anterior
ā¢ Origin - tibia
ā¢ Insertion - tarsals
ā¢ Action - dorsiflexion, foot inversion
ā¢ Extensor digitorum longus
ā¢ Origin ā tibia and fibula
ā¢ Insertion - phalanges
ā¢ Action ā toe extension
ā¢ Extensor hallucis longus
ā¢ Origin ā fibula, interosseous
membrane
ā¢ Insertion ā big toe
ā¢ Action - extend big toe, dorsiflex
foot
All innervated by deep fibular nerve
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3/4/2022 Dr. Emad Abu Alrub MD PhD
26. Lateral Compartment
ā¢ Fibularis (peroneus) longus
ā¢ Origin ā lateral fibula
ā¢ Insertion ā 5th metatarsal, tarsal
ā¢ Action - plantarflex, evert foot
ā¢ Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
ā¢ Origin ā distal fibula
ā¢ Insertion - proximal fifth
metatarsal
ā¢ Action ā same as above!!
All innervated by the superficial fibular nerve
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27. Superficial Posterior
Compartment
ā¢ Triceps surae
ā¢ Gastrocnemius (2 heads)
ā¢ Origin - medial and lateral
condyles of femur
ā¢ Insertion - posterior
calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
ā¢ Soleus
ā¢ Origin ā tibia and fibula
ā¢ Insertion ā same as above
ā¢ Action of both ā plantarflex
foot
ā¢ Plantaris
ā¢ Origin ā posterior femur
ā¢ Insertion ā same as above!
ā¢ Action ā plantarflex foot,
week knee flexion
All innervated by the tibial nerve 27
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28. Deep Posterior Compartment
ā¢ Popliteus
ā¢ Origin - lateral condyle femur
and lateral meniscus
ā¢ Insertion ā proximal tibia
ā¢ Action ā flex and medially rotate leg
ā¢ Flexor digitorum longus
ā¢ Origin - tibia
ā¢ Insertion - distal phalanges of toe 2-5
ā¢ Action ā plantarflex and invert foot,
flex toe
ā¢ Flexor hallucis longus
ā¢ Origin - fibula
ā¢ Insertion - distal phalanx of hallux
ā¢ Action - plantarflex and invert foot,
flex toe
ā¢ Tibialis posterior
ā¢ Origin ā tibia, fibula, and interosseous
membrane
ā¢ Insertion - tarsals and metatarsals
ā¢ Action - plantarflex and invert foot
All innervated by the tibial nerve 28
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29. Muscles of the Foot
ā¢Dorsum of Foot
ā¢ Extensor digitorum brevis
ā¢ O: calcaneus, I: prox phalanx of hallux
ā¢ Action: extend MT-P joint
ā¢ Innervation = Deep Peroneal (Fibular) n.
ā¢Plantar Surface of Foot (= sole): 4
layers
ā¢ O: Tarsals and/or Metatarsals, I:
Phalanges
ā¢ Action: Flex, Ext, ABduct, ADduct
ā¢ Innervation: Medial + Lateral Plantar n.
(from Tibial n.)
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30. Plexuses of the Lower Limb
ā¢ āLumbosacral plexusā
ā¢ Lumbar Plexus
ā¢ Arises from L1-L4
ā¢ Lies within the psoas major
muscle
ā¢ Sacral Plexus
ā¢ Arises from spinal nerve L4-S4
ā¢ Lies caudal to the lumbar
plexus
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42. DVT : Deep Venous Thrombosis
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3/4/2022 Dr. Emad Abu Alrub MD PhD
Deep vein thrombosis
can cause leg pain or
swelling but also can
occur with no symptoms.