The document discusses imagination and memory. It defines imagination as the mental power to reproduce and recombine past sensory experiences into new forms without the actual presence of an object. There are three stages of the imaginative process: reproduction, construction, and modification. Memory is defined as the ability to encode, store, and retrieve information and comes in three forms: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The document also discusses the basic operations and types of memory as well as the role of association in memory.

2. IMAGINATION
• Described as the mental power of
reproducing past sensory
experiences of objects not actually
present to the senses and
recombining elements of past
sensory experiences into new
forms.
• In another words, the mental power
of forming representations of
material objects which are not
actually present to the sense.
• The mental representation so
formed is designated the image,
which term is derived from Latin
word meaning a likeness or picture.
• In the popular meaning of the term,
imagination is often considered to
deal only with the fanciful or to
consist wholly of daydreams or
reverie.
• In the more technical & scientific
meaning, imagination signifies the
mental power by which man
reproduces and constructs images.

3. THE STAGES OF THE IMAGINATIVE PROCESS
Reproduction or
Revival in part
Construction
Modification or
Transformation

4. MEMORY
Etymologically, the modern
English word “memory” comes to
us from the Middle English
memorie, which in turn comes
from the Anglo-French memoire
or memorie, and ultimately from
the Latin memoria and memor,
meaning "mindful" or
"remembering".
• Memory helps make individuals
who they are. Without the help
of memories, someone would
struggle to learn new
information, form lasting
relationships, or function in daily
life. Memory allows the brain to
encode, store, and retrieve
information in three basic forms.

5. • Sensory memory is the shortest-term
element of memory.
• It is the ability to retain impressions
of sensory information after the
original stimuli have ended. It acts as
a kind of buffer for stimuli received
through the five senses of sight,
hearing, smell, taste and touch, which
are retained accurately, but very
briefly.

6. • Short-term memory acts as a kind of
scratch-pad or temporary recall of the
information which is being processed
at any point in time, and has been
referred to as "the brain's Post-it note".
• It can be thought of as the ability to
remember and process information at
the same time. It holds a small amount
of information (typically around 7
items or even less) in mind in an active,
readily-available state for a short
period of time (typically from 10 to 15
seconds, or sometimes up to a
minute).

7. • Long-term memory refers to the
storage of information over an
extended period. If you can
remember something that
happened more than just a few
moments ago whether it
occurred just hours ago or
decades earlier, then it is a long-
term memory.

8. THREE BASIC OPERATIONS OF
MEMORY
RETENTION
• Based on the theory that experiences, both
sense and intellective, persist in some form,
while not realized in consciousness.
• The improvement of retention may be
accomplished by meaningful repetition, and
by multiple sense appeal, by interest and by
concentration of attention.
RECALL
• The actual reproduction or revival of past
experiences in consciousness.
• The action or faculty of remembering something
learned or experienced.
• Memory not only retains sensory impressions
and ideas, but it also brings them back to
consciousness
VOLUNTARY
2 KINDS OF
RECALL
SPONTANEOUS

10. RECOGNITION
• Reference of the present recalled
experience to the past.
• It involves the recollection and
placing of recalled experiences
and requires a background of
meaning and a familiar setting.
TWO TYPES OF RECOGNITION
DEFINITE
RECOGNITION
VAGUE
RECOGNI
TION

11. It is called mechanical memory which
describe as learning by heart.
It refers to the ability to repeat verbatim
materials previously learned or mastered
TWO GENERAL
TYPES OF
MEMORY
ROTE
MEMORY
LOGICAL
MEMORY
Implies understanding.
It involves an analysis of the material, a
recognition of significant features and their
relation to one another as well as to wider
experience.

12. • Memory cannot exist without association which is the mental process in
which past ideas and experiences are brought into consciousness by
means of their connections with others in it.
• It is the mental process of relating two or more experiences to each
other.
• When two or more ideas or experiences have occurred together in
consciousness in the past, the recurrence of one idea or experience will
tend to suggest or to revive the other or several others.
• There are two kinds of association namely: Primary laws of association
and Secondary laws of association