1. The document describes the design, analysis, and fabrication of a pneumatic material handling system. It discusses various components of the system including feeders, blowers, conveying pipes, and filtration units.
2. Key factors in designing pneumatic conveying systems are discussed such as material properties, carrier medium properties, pipe material properties, and system geometry. Care must be taken to account for these parameters.
3. The working of pneumatic conveying systems is explained. Air movers supply air to move material through venturi feeders, pipes, and cyclones for filtration before being deposited. Different system types like induction, pressure, closed-loop, and vacuum are described.
This document discusses storage bins, silos, and hoppers used to store bulk solids. It covers various design considerations for hopper discharge including throttling material flow. Mass flow and core flow hoppers are described. Recommended proportions for hopper dimensions to store a given volume are provided. Caking issues and common causes of silo failure are also summarized. Different types of mechanical feeders used to regulate discharge from hoppers are introduced, including belt, apron, rotary table, and screw feeders. Pneumatic and vibrational methods for discharging material are briefly outlined.
Started to create milestones, we Leak - End Engineers marked our presence in the year 2011 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of Dry Running Seal,Teflon Mechanical Seal For Pumps,Viton Bellow Seals,Conical Spring Seal,Single Rubber Bellows since 1 years.Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of Dry Running Seal,Teflon Mechanical Seal For Pumps,Viton Bellow Seals,Conical Spring Seal,Single Rubber Bellows, Industrial Mechanical Seal that has made us to deepen our roots in the market.We Leak - End Engineers breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services.We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
ribbon blender for large scale powder blending, paste mixing, vacuum dryingWang Wang
Vortex Industrial Technology produces large-scale ribbon blenders with capacities up to 10,000L for high-volume powder blending, paste mixing, and vacuum drying. The document describes a 1,000L jacketed ribbon blender with a 15kW motor, double ribbon agitator for center discharge, and safety features like switches to prevent operation with the cover open. Customers can choose between standard or sanitary models from inventory or customizations like heating/cooling capabilities.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of mechanical seals including:
- Historical development showing how mechanical seals replaced packing seals.
- Definitions and basic components of mechanical seals such as stationary and rotary faces.
- Classification of mechanical seals by arrangement (single, dual) and design (pusher, non-pusher).
- Factors to consider when applying mechanical seals such as pressure, temperature and fluid properties.
Mechanical seals are used in plumbing systems to prevent fluid leakage by maintaining pressure. There are different types of mechanical seals suitable for various applications. The main types discussed are pusher seals, non-pusher seals, unbalanced seals, balanced seals, and cartridge seals. Pusher seals are inexpensive and widely available but rely on a secondary seal. Non-pusher seals do not require a moving secondary seal. Cartridge seals are pre-installed but are more expensive and may not always fit existing settings. Buyers should understand the application and liquid to select the appropriate seal type and quality.
This presentation provides quite a comprehensive overview on our range of EMS Series Piling Vibrators as represented in the UK by THE Hammerman. The range includes the worlds smallest piling vibrator the ESF03 which weighs 160 kgs and provides a 3 tonne for is ideally suited to installing trench sheeting, plastic piling and of course pile cages. For more information call us on 01543 677290
This document discusses different types of mechanical seals used in pumps:
Pusher seals have secondary seals that move along the shaft to maintain contact but are prone to hang-ups. Unbalanced seals are inexpensive but have a lower pressure limit. Conventional seals require setting and alignment but installation is relatively simple. Non-pusher seals do not move along the shaft, can handle various temperatures, and do not require a secondary seal. Balanced seals have higher pressure limits and generate less heat, making them suitable for liquids with poor lubricity. Cartridge seals have the seal premounted and directly fit over the shaft, lowering maintenance costs and reducing errors.
This document discusses storage bins, silos, and hoppers used to store bulk solids. It covers various design considerations for hopper discharge including throttling material flow. Mass flow and core flow hoppers are described. Recommended proportions for hopper dimensions to store a given volume are provided. Caking issues and common causes of silo failure are also summarized. Different types of mechanical feeders used to regulate discharge from hoppers are introduced, including belt, apron, rotary table, and screw feeders. Pneumatic and vibrational methods for discharging material are briefly outlined.
Started to create milestones, we Leak - End Engineers marked our presence in the year 2011 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of Dry Running Seal,Teflon Mechanical Seal For Pumps,Viton Bellow Seals,Conical Spring Seal,Single Rubber Bellows since 1 years.Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of Dry Running Seal,Teflon Mechanical Seal For Pumps,Viton Bellow Seals,Conical Spring Seal,Single Rubber Bellows, Industrial Mechanical Seal that has made us to deepen our roots in the market.We Leak - End Engineers breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services.We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
ribbon blender for large scale powder blending, paste mixing, vacuum dryingWang Wang
Vortex Industrial Technology produces large-scale ribbon blenders with capacities up to 10,000L for high-volume powder blending, paste mixing, and vacuum drying. The document describes a 1,000L jacketed ribbon blender with a 15kW motor, double ribbon agitator for center discharge, and safety features like switches to prevent operation with the cover open. Customers can choose between standard or sanitary models from inventory or customizations like heating/cooling capabilities.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of mechanical seals including:
- Historical development showing how mechanical seals replaced packing seals.
- Definitions and basic components of mechanical seals such as stationary and rotary faces.
- Classification of mechanical seals by arrangement (single, dual) and design (pusher, non-pusher).
- Factors to consider when applying mechanical seals such as pressure, temperature and fluid properties.
Mechanical seals are used in plumbing systems to prevent fluid leakage by maintaining pressure. There are different types of mechanical seals suitable for various applications. The main types discussed are pusher seals, non-pusher seals, unbalanced seals, balanced seals, and cartridge seals. Pusher seals are inexpensive and widely available but rely on a secondary seal. Non-pusher seals do not require a moving secondary seal. Cartridge seals are pre-installed but are more expensive and may not always fit existing settings. Buyers should understand the application and liquid to select the appropriate seal type and quality.
This presentation provides quite a comprehensive overview on our range of EMS Series Piling Vibrators as represented in the UK by THE Hammerman. The range includes the worlds smallest piling vibrator the ESF03 which weighs 160 kgs and provides a 3 tonne for is ideally suited to installing trench sheeting, plastic piling and of course pile cages. For more information call us on 01543 677290
This document discusses different types of mechanical seals used in pumps:
Pusher seals have secondary seals that move along the shaft to maintain contact but are prone to hang-ups. Unbalanced seals are inexpensive but have a lower pressure limit. Conventional seals require setting and alignment but installation is relatively simple. Non-pusher seals do not move along the shaft, can handle various temperatures, and do not require a secondary seal. Balanced seals have higher pressure limits and generate less heat, making them suitable for liquids with poor lubricity. Cartridge seals have the seal premounted and directly fit over the shaft, lowering maintenance costs and reducing errors.
The Adaptation of Clay-Bath and hydro-cyclones in Palm Nut Cracked-Mixture Se...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
sealing system for rotating shafts ( mechanical seals and packing )elkeik
This document provides an overview of mechanical seals and packing seals used to seal rotating shafts. It discusses the basic components and functioning of packing seals, including stuffing boxes, packing rings, and gland packings. It then summarizes the components and lubrication of mechanical seals, including primary and secondary seals. Various types of mechanical seals are classified by arrangement, including single seals, dual seals, and configurations such as inside versus outside mounted seals.
This document provides an overview of rubber dams, including their construction, operation, uses, advantages, and future developments. Rubber dams are constructed from reinforced rubber membranes anchored to concrete foundations. They can be inflated or deflated to control water levels and are used for purposes like irrigation, water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation. Advantages include lower costs than conventional dams and better control of water levels. The document discusses site selection, new types of rubber dams, examples of rubber dam projects internationally, and manufacturers. It concludes that rubber dams provide a flexible way to manage water resources.
Mechanical seals provide a running seal between rotating and stationary parts in pumps. They have advantages over conventional packing such as reduced leakage to meet environmental standards, lower maintenance costs, and ability to seal higher pressures. The basic components of a mechanical seal are the primary seal faces (one stationary, one rotating), secondary seals, and hardware. Seals work by creating a tight sealing contact between flat faces, and can be classified by type (pusher, unbalanced, etc.) and arrangement (single, double, cartridge). Proper seal selection requires considering the liquid, pressure, temperature, liquid characteristics, and reliability/emission needs.
What is the difference between Mechanical Seal and Gland Packing? | LEAK-PACKLEAK-PACK
Here you know the difference between mechanical seal and gland packing. Both gland packing and mechanical seals are effective and useful. It depends on economic viability, personal preference and requirement specification for which one will be preferred.
This document is from the website of Hebei Muyuan Pump Industry Co., Ltd. It summarizes their high head slurry pump model called the MH pump. Some key details include:
- The MH pump is a horizontal, centrifugal slurry pump designed for high head applications requiring heads from 12 to 95 meters.
- It can be adopted as a single pump rather than requiring series pumping, reducing capital costs while maintaining efficiency and wear life.
- The document provides specifications for flow rates from 16 to 1125 cubic meters per hour and discharge sizes from 1 to 6 inches.
- It describes seal options, wear resistant liner materials, and includes a selection chart and specifications for different M
Great article on 12 common questions about horizontal-motion conveyors or horizontal differential- motion conveyors.
Read about online reversing, load carrying capacity, open or enclosed and metering product. Get all your food and industrial horizontal conveying answers answered in one article.
(1) ChengLi special Automobile Co.,Ltd is providing a quotation for a 6x4 Isuzu brand combined jetting sewage suction truck. (2) The truck specifications include a gross vehicle weight of 26,000kg, 13,005kg curb weight, 15,800kg loading weight, and dimensions of 10,200mm x 2,500mm x 3,800mm. (3) Standard configurations include a Tianjin Tongjie 250 high pressure pump, 60 meters of PVC double layer high pressure pipe, and a sewage tank volume between 15,000-18,000L.
mechanical seals are an integral part on all fluid pumps and are a viable alternative for lip seals as well as packed glands. In practical applications, using these seals has been proven to increase pump longevity and make them usable for extended periods of time. http://www.sealsales.com/
This document discusses different methods for storing particulate solids, including outdoor storage in piles and confined storage in structures like silos, bins, and hoppers. It describes two main types of storage - outdoor storage, where coarse solids are stored in large piles, and confined storage of more valuable solids in structures to protect from environmental factors. Specific structures discussed include silos for storing materials like grain, cement, and woodchips; bins for storing dry materials like concrete; and hoppers for temporary storage before processing. Key considerations for selecting a storage method include the properties of the particulate solid and preventing issues like dusting, caking, or degradation.
This two-day workshop on mechanical seals will provide participants with knowledge and skills in seal selection, maintenance, troubleshooting and maximizing seal life. The workshop covers seal fundamentals, design, materials, failure analysis, environmental factors and repair. Participants will learn how to classify seals, understand repair methods, troubleshoot issues, and implement best practices to extend seal performance and reduce costs through seal life optimization.
A mechanical seal is a sealing device which forms a running seal between rotating and stationary parts. They were developed to overcome the disadvantages of compression packing. Leakage can be reduced to a level meeting environmental standards of government regulating agencies and maintenance costs can be lower.
New ways to improve ribbon mixer efficiencyNick Chang
ribbon blender – this versatile and highly ubiquitous mixing equipment are available from spice blends, beverage mixer, seasonings blends, drink mixes, and multivitamins to cosmetic powder, polymer blends, chemical additives, plastic, and agricultural powders
Balanced mechanical seals help maintain seal face closure under high pressure by locating the seal faces such that stuffing box pressure has less effect on closure. Mechanical seal failures typically occur when the seal's motion is restricted, heat causes O-rings to deteriorate, incompatible materials are used, or incorrect installation. Balanced seals and proper material selection can help minimize failures from heat and materials issues, while correct installation prevents problems from restricted motion.
Megaroller is a world leader in conveyor idlers that offers proven, patented technologies for load bearing and high impact rollers. Their key technologies include an advanced sealing arrangement and a high-impact bearing and seal housing that effectively seals rollers and absorbs impacts. Megaroller's impact and rubber disc return rollers utilize these technologies to deliver strength and durability for handling large loads of falling materials in conveyor systems.
Cement Australia Rapid Set Concrete is manufactured using cement, sand and selected aggregates and additives and is formulated to harden rapidly without mixing. Part of the 'Just Add Water' range, Rapid Set Concrete product is suitable for fixing fence and pergola posts, clothes lines and letterboxes.
For more information visit: www.cementaustralia.com.au
Seals are used to prevent fluid leakage. Mechanical seals specifically use two flat faces in contact that rotate to create a tight seal against leakage. They have primary sealing faces and secondary seals. Selection depends on factors like liquid properties, pressure, and temperature. Proper installation, material selection, and maintenance are important to prevent failures.
new ways to improve ribbon mixer efficiency Wang Wang
This document discusses ways to improve the efficiency of ribbon blenders. It describes ribbon blenders as versatile mixing equipment used for blending powders in many industries. It then lists four new features that can maximize ribbon blender efficiency: 1) scrapers that reduce material packing, 2) a clear view cover for safe monitoring and additions, 3) air-purged shaft seals that prevent leaks, and 4) a pneumatic discharge valve that minimizes dead space.
This document summarizes a proposed project exploring alternate lime conveying systems from a lime mill to a boiler at Shree Cement Ltd. in Beawar, India. It provides details of the current pneumatic conveying system and proposes several alternate systems including a Liftube system, belt sealing system, air slider gravity conveyor, pipe belt conveyor, and EBS conveyor. It analyzes the feasibility of using existing belt conveyors with added sealing or a new air slide system. The document estimates power requirements and costs for each option and calculates payback periods of less than one year for retrofitting existing systems with sealing.
20 economical ways to improve baghouse performancemkpq pasha
The document discusses 20 cost-effective ways to improve the performance of baghouse dust collectors. It outlines solutions that can provide immediate impact to performance without requiring a full rebuild. These include optimizing differential pressure through proper use of gauges, utilizing clean-on-demand systems, improving inlet design through baffling to reduce turbulence, and avoiding using the hopper for material storage which can cause re-entrainment issues negatively impacting filter bag life. Understanding these affordable modification options can help decision makers maximize performance at low cost.
Techniques for preventing wear & abrasionVortex
Generally speaking, a manufacturing process will likely realize its highest degree of wear in areas where material flow pattern or air pressure are subjected to dramatic change or disruption. This includes elbows in system ductwork, directional changes from diverting or converging, sudden halt in material flow, aspiration of displaced air, and many other variables in system design.
Depending on application parameters, several techniques can be utilized to protect a system from rapid wear and abrasion.
The Adaptation of Clay-Bath and hydro-cyclones in Palm Nut Cracked-Mixture Se...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
sealing system for rotating shafts ( mechanical seals and packing )elkeik
This document provides an overview of mechanical seals and packing seals used to seal rotating shafts. It discusses the basic components and functioning of packing seals, including stuffing boxes, packing rings, and gland packings. It then summarizes the components and lubrication of mechanical seals, including primary and secondary seals. Various types of mechanical seals are classified by arrangement, including single seals, dual seals, and configurations such as inside versus outside mounted seals.
This document provides an overview of rubber dams, including their construction, operation, uses, advantages, and future developments. Rubber dams are constructed from reinforced rubber membranes anchored to concrete foundations. They can be inflated or deflated to control water levels and are used for purposes like irrigation, water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation. Advantages include lower costs than conventional dams and better control of water levels. The document discusses site selection, new types of rubber dams, examples of rubber dam projects internationally, and manufacturers. It concludes that rubber dams provide a flexible way to manage water resources.
Mechanical seals provide a running seal between rotating and stationary parts in pumps. They have advantages over conventional packing such as reduced leakage to meet environmental standards, lower maintenance costs, and ability to seal higher pressures. The basic components of a mechanical seal are the primary seal faces (one stationary, one rotating), secondary seals, and hardware. Seals work by creating a tight sealing contact between flat faces, and can be classified by type (pusher, unbalanced, etc.) and arrangement (single, double, cartridge). Proper seal selection requires considering the liquid, pressure, temperature, liquid characteristics, and reliability/emission needs.
What is the difference between Mechanical Seal and Gland Packing? | LEAK-PACKLEAK-PACK
Here you know the difference between mechanical seal and gland packing. Both gland packing and mechanical seals are effective and useful. It depends on economic viability, personal preference and requirement specification for which one will be preferred.
This document is from the website of Hebei Muyuan Pump Industry Co., Ltd. It summarizes their high head slurry pump model called the MH pump. Some key details include:
- The MH pump is a horizontal, centrifugal slurry pump designed for high head applications requiring heads from 12 to 95 meters.
- It can be adopted as a single pump rather than requiring series pumping, reducing capital costs while maintaining efficiency and wear life.
- The document provides specifications for flow rates from 16 to 1125 cubic meters per hour and discharge sizes from 1 to 6 inches.
- It describes seal options, wear resistant liner materials, and includes a selection chart and specifications for different M
Great article on 12 common questions about horizontal-motion conveyors or horizontal differential- motion conveyors.
Read about online reversing, load carrying capacity, open or enclosed and metering product. Get all your food and industrial horizontal conveying answers answered in one article.
(1) ChengLi special Automobile Co.,Ltd is providing a quotation for a 6x4 Isuzu brand combined jetting sewage suction truck. (2) The truck specifications include a gross vehicle weight of 26,000kg, 13,005kg curb weight, 15,800kg loading weight, and dimensions of 10,200mm x 2,500mm x 3,800mm. (3) Standard configurations include a Tianjin Tongjie 250 high pressure pump, 60 meters of PVC double layer high pressure pipe, and a sewage tank volume between 15,000-18,000L.
mechanical seals are an integral part on all fluid pumps and are a viable alternative for lip seals as well as packed glands. In practical applications, using these seals has been proven to increase pump longevity and make them usable for extended periods of time. http://www.sealsales.com/
This document discusses different methods for storing particulate solids, including outdoor storage in piles and confined storage in structures like silos, bins, and hoppers. It describes two main types of storage - outdoor storage, where coarse solids are stored in large piles, and confined storage of more valuable solids in structures to protect from environmental factors. Specific structures discussed include silos for storing materials like grain, cement, and woodchips; bins for storing dry materials like concrete; and hoppers for temporary storage before processing. Key considerations for selecting a storage method include the properties of the particulate solid and preventing issues like dusting, caking, or degradation.
This two-day workshop on mechanical seals will provide participants with knowledge and skills in seal selection, maintenance, troubleshooting and maximizing seal life. The workshop covers seal fundamentals, design, materials, failure analysis, environmental factors and repair. Participants will learn how to classify seals, understand repair methods, troubleshoot issues, and implement best practices to extend seal performance and reduce costs through seal life optimization.
A mechanical seal is a sealing device which forms a running seal between rotating and stationary parts. They were developed to overcome the disadvantages of compression packing. Leakage can be reduced to a level meeting environmental standards of government regulating agencies and maintenance costs can be lower.
New ways to improve ribbon mixer efficiencyNick Chang
ribbon blender – this versatile and highly ubiquitous mixing equipment are available from spice blends, beverage mixer, seasonings blends, drink mixes, and multivitamins to cosmetic powder, polymer blends, chemical additives, plastic, and agricultural powders
Balanced mechanical seals help maintain seal face closure under high pressure by locating the seal faces such that stuffing box pressure has less effect on closure. Mechanical seal failures typically occur when the seal's motion is restricted, heat causes O-rings to deteriorate, incompatible materials are used, or incorrect installation. Balanced seals and proper material selection can help minimize failures from heat and materials issues, while correct installation prevents problems from restricted motion.
Megaroller is a world leader in conveyor idlers that offers proven, patented technologies for load bearing and high impact rollers. Their key technologies include an advanced sealing arrangement and a high-impact bearing and seal housing that effectively seals rollers and absorbs impacts. Megaroller's impact and rubber disc return rollers utilize these technologies to deliver strength and durability for handling large loads of falling materials in conveyor systems.
Cement Australia Rapid Set Concrete is manufactured using cement, sand and selected aggregates and additives and is formulated to harden rapidly without mixing. Part of the 'Just Add Water' range, Rapid Set Concrete product is suitable for fixing fence and pergola posts, clothes lines and letterboxes.
For more information visit: www.cementaustralia.com.au
Seals are used to prevent fluid leakage. Mechanical seals specifically use two flat faces in contact that rotate to create a tight seal against leakage. They have primary sealing faces and secondary seals. Selection depends on factors like liquid properties, pressure, and temperature. Proper installation, material selection, and maintenance are important to prevent failures.
new ways to improve ribbon mixer efficiency Wang Wang
This document discusses ways to improve the efficiency of ribbon blenders. It describes ribbon blenders as versatile mixing equipment used for blending powders in many industries. It then lists four new features that can maximize ribbon blender efficiency: 1) scrapers that reduce material packing, 2) a clear view cover for safe monitoring and additions, 3) air-purged shaft seals that prevent leaks, and 4) a pneumatic discharge valve that minimizes dead space.
This document summarizes a proposed project exploring alternate lime conveying systems from a lime mill to a boiler at Shree Cement Ltd. in Beawar, India. It provides details of the current pneumatic conveying system and proposes several alternate systems including a Liftube system, belt sealing system, air slider gravity conveyor, pipe belt conveyor, and EBS conveyor. It analyzes the feasibility of using existing belt conveyors with added sealing or a new air slide system. The document estimates power requirements and costs for each option and calculates payback periods of less than one year for retrofitting existing systems with sealing.
20 economical ways to improve baghouse performancemkpq pasha
The document discusses 20 cost-effective ways to improve the performance of baghouse dust collectors. It outlines solutions that can provide immediate impact to performance without requiring a full rebuild. These include optimizing differential pressure through proper use of gauges, utilizing clean-on-demand systems, improving inlet design through baffling to reduce turbulence, and avoiding using the hopper for material storage which can cause re-entrainment issues negatively impacting filter bag life. Understanding these affordable modification options can help decision makers maximize performance at low cost.
Techniques for preventing wear & abrasionVortex
Generally speaking, a manufacturing process will likely realize its highest degree of wear in areas where material flow pattern or air pressure are subjected to dramatic change or disruption. This includes elbows in system ductwork, directional changes from diverting or converging, sudden halt in material flow, aspiration of displaced air, and many other variables in system design.
Depending on application parameters, several techniques can be utilized to protect a system from rapid wear and abrasion.
This document discusses the health, safety and environmental issues caused by dust emissions during the loading of bulk materials. It describes common dust control methods like loading socks, telescopic chutes and dust suppression hoppers that have limitations. The key problem is uncontrolled displaced air during loading. Vortex loading spouts are presented as an effective solution, designed to control displaced air and dust at the source through enclosed or open loading configurations with dust skirts and in-line filters. Vortex spouts provide a flexible and scalable dustless loading system for various materials and throughput capacities.
The document discusses ILC Dover's drum transfer system for safely transferring powders from drums. It notes that manually transferring powders from drums poses challenges like heavy lifting, contamination risks, and dust exposure. ILC Dover's system uses a modular, single-use design to lift drums, contain powders, and connect to downstream equipment while protecting workers. Key features include a drum enclosure, lifter, and flexible sleeves that allow adaptable connections to vessels and equipment in a way that contains powders below exposure limits.
This document contains summaries of various products and technologies for powder and bulk solids handling. It discusses mercury intrusion porosimeters that can accurately measure pore size distributions and densities. It also mentions a patented bulk bag material conditioner that can return solidified materials to a free-flowing state and a silo weight monitoring and control system that can predict when refills are needed to avoid shutdowns. The document provides brief summaries of these various powder and bulk solids handling products and technologies.
Applying Gate Valves with Rotary Airlocks in Pneumatic Conveying SystemsVortex
Whether it be agriculture, chemicals, food, minerals, plastics, or other industry sectors, the most common practice for handling dry bulk solids in a dilute-phase production process is to feed material from a silo through a rotary airlock and into a positive pressure pneumatic conveying system. This material conveying method is most logical across industries due to its efficiencies and relative affordability. As most pneumatic conveying systems are equipped to support pressures of no greater than 15 psig (1 bar), the airlock is a standardized mechanism that supports these benefits and possesses the versatility to handle most dry bulk materials, making it a popular option.
However, while such a configuration is beneficial for the movement of material from multiple silos through a single conveying system, flaws in the system’s design may negatively impact the overall performance of a manufacturing process.
Read more: http://www.vortexglobal.com/applying-gate-valves-rotary-airlocks-pneumatic-conveying/
The document discusses the design of material handling systems. It begins by introducing material handling and why it is important in industrial processes. When designing a material handling system, the goal is to select equipment that provides optimum productivity without unnecessary sophistication. An effective system satisfies parameters like not disrupting production, being upgradeable, and having low initial and operational costs. Common types of loads are bulk, unit, and containerized. The objectives of an effective material handling system are also outlined. The document then discusses various types of material handling equipment like hoists, cranes, elevators, and conveying equipment such as belt and chain conveyors.
The document provides a 10-step process for effectively designing storage bins for powders and bulk solids based on the unique flow properties of the material. The key steps include: 1) defining the storage requirements, 2) understanding potential flow problems, 3) measuring the material's flow properties, 4) calculating the approximate bin size, 5) determining if a mass flow or funnel flow pattern is needed, 6) defining the hopper geometry based on the chosen flow pattern, 7) sizing the outlet, 8) adding supports and connections, 9) addressing safety and 10) reviewing the final design. Following this proven method ensures bins are designed to reliably discharge materials according to their flow behaviors and processing needs.
The document provides a 10-step process for effectively designing storage bins for powders and bulk solids based on their flow properties and process requirements. The key steps include: 1) defining storage requirements, 2) understanding potential flow problems, 3) measuring the material's flow properties, 4) calculating approximate bin size, 5) determining whether funnel flow or mass flow is needed based on the material's characteristics and process needs, and 6) designing the bin to achieve the target flow pattern. The goal is to design bins that reliably discharge materials without issues like arching, ratholing, or segregation.
This document discusses Flexco's line of belt conveyor products that address common issues along belt lines such as carryback, belt slippage, mistracking, and spillage. It provides details on various belt cleaner, belt tracker, pulley lagging, and impact bed products. Flexco has over 100 years of experience in the belt conveyor industry and their products are designed to keep conveyor systems running smoothly and maximize uptime.
The document discusses automated blasting techniques for controlling surface texture and finish. It begins by describing the fundamentals of dry blast media and media delivery, including the main types of suction-feed and pressure-feed blast systems. It explains that automated blasting is often the fastest and most cost-effective method for production surface preparation and cosmetic finishing when it can perform the required work. The document emphasizes that proper understanding of basic blast operating principles is important for effective application of surface treatment techniques.
The document discusses hygienic design considerations for selecting valves for use in food processing according to EHEDG guidelines. It describes various types of valves that have historically been used for food applications and their hygienic limitations. Circular seal valves that conform to EHEDG guidelines are recommended as they allow flexible multi-seat designs and self-drainage in various orientations. When assessing valves, factors like durability, ease of maintenance, life cycle costs, and materials compatibility must be considered in addition to hygienic performance levels required.
PPS UK are exclusive distributors of Flexco products in West Africa - Process & Plant Sales Limited Tel: +44 1902 495 913 Email: james.wood@processandplant.co.uk
Ghana, Mali, Cote D'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal, Liberia, Togo, Sierra Leone etc.
Five questions to ask when selecting cranes for waste-to-energy facilitiesKonecranes
This white paper draws on experience gleaned from thousands of industrial process applications over several decades and discusses five key decision criteria vital to achieving optimum safety and reliability levels with overhead cranes.
Dust collection systems are widely used in mineral processing plants to control dust and lower worker exposure. Local exhaust ventilation systems (LEVs) are commonly used to capture dust at the source through ductwork and transport it to filtering devices. This prevents dust from contaminating the plant atmosphere and workers. LEV systems use negative pressure to capture dust before it escapes processing operations. Key areas that generate dust include transfer points, specific processes like crushing and drying, operations with air displacement, and outdoor stockpiles disturbed by mining activities.
The document discusses many considerations for designing a hatchery, including determining budget and production capacity, consulting experts, designing ventilation and water systems, selecting equipment, and meeting room and facility requirements. Key factors include airflow, temperature control, drainage, durability, and arranging spaces in a clean-to-dirty workflow. Proper planning of construction materials, equipment, and auxiliary systems is necessary for efficient and successful hatchery operation.
This paper discusses the development of single-diameter wellbore technology using solid expandable tubular systems. It describes:
1) How over 350 commercial installations helped prove the concept and technology.
2) The key benefits of single-diameter wells which reduce costs by conserving resources, saving time, and reducing environmental impact.
3) The multi-functional tool developed which can expand casing in one trip and provides contingencies like releasing connections if needed.
4) A field test in 2004 that successfully deployed and expanded 9-5/8 inch liners to test hydraulic isolation without cement. This demonstrated the viability of the single-diameter well construction method.
This document summarizes a paper presented at Offshore Europe 2005 that discusses realizing single-diameter wellbore technology using solid expandable tubulars. It provides details on:
- The development of expandable technology and its progression to enable single-diameter wells.
- A field test of the technology that successfully deployed and expanded 9-5/8 inch liners in a single trip.
- The multi-functional tool string used, including elements for expansion and contingencies.
- How the technology allows extended reach drilling and can increase reserves while reducing development costs.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
2. Design, Analysis & Fabrication
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp
Venturi educators have no moving parts allowing for maintenance
bulk solids. In applications involving fine, abrasive, or irregularl
this is an enormous advantage. Replacement of existing rotary airlocks with venturi
eductors makes for simpler, more reliable conveying systems. Designing with
educators from the beginning ensures the most reliable product feeding availa
All rotary airlocks have blowback. If the product conveyed is fine or abrasive,
blowback can cause extreme wear problems. Even with free
blowback can be a problem, causing bridging and housekeeping problems, or even an
explosion hazard. When installed beneath bughouses, screw conveyors, or dust
collectors, airlocks can be a major source of fugitive dust emissions, which are
eliminated after a retrofit to eductors. Eductors have none of the shearing, smearing or
degradation of product common with rotary airlocks. And, of course, safety is simply
not a concern with eductors. One of the most common applications for eductors is
their installation under dust collectors, replacing screw conveyors and airlocks with a
better solution with no dust or moving parts. One blower can simultaneously drive
many eductors.
Most granular bulk solids are passing through silos, bins and hoppers prior to or
after being conveyed. In some cases this process is repeated a few times. The basic
requirement of a good storage bin is that it can store the required quantity of materials
and that it can discharge this quantity safely and reliably by gravity. As granular bulk
solids have varying particle size distributions, chemical composition, bulk densities
and moisture contents, the flow
In order to establish the proper dimensioning of the storage bins and hoppers, it is
generally advisable to measure these flow ability characteristics carefully before any
design is contemplated. A very flowable material (dry fine powder) may become
aerated and subsequently fluidize, causing potential flooding problems. There are
basically three flow patterns in bins. These are known as mass
expanded-flow. Each of these flow patterns has its advantages and disadvantages.
Funnel-flow occurs when the material moves strictly within a confined channel
above the hopper outlet. The material outside this flow channel is at rest, until such a
time that the bin level drops and the materials slides into this channel. The diameter of
this flow channel is established essentially by the hopper outlet dimensions.
Mass-flow refers to a flow pattern where all the material in the bin is in a
downward motion, whenever the fe
column slides along the hopper walls. In order to attain this type of flow pattern, the
hopper walls must be steep and smooth. where the hopper slope angle is plotted
against the sliding friction of the hopper
slope angle and sliding friction coefficient that will result in mass
by the hatched area.
Figure
Design, Analysis & Fabrication of Pneumatic Material Handling System
ET/index.asp 13 editor@iaeme.com
Venturi educators have no moving parts allowing for maintenance-
bulk solids. In applications involving fine, abrasive, or irregularly-shaped products,
this is an enormous advantage. Replacement of existing rotary airlocks with venturi
eductors makes for simpler, more reliable conveying systems. Designing with
educators from the beginning ensures the most reliable product feeding availa
All rotary airlocks have blowback. If the product conveyed is fine or abrasive,
blowback can cause extreme wear problems. Even with free- flowing products,
blowback can be a problem, causing bridging and housekeeping problems, or even an
ard. When installed beneath bughouses, screw conveyors, or dust
collectors, airlocks can be a major source of fugitive dust emissions, which are
eliminated after a retrofit to eductors. Eductors have none of the shearing, smearing or
common with rotary airlocks. And, of course, safety is simply
not a concern with eductors. One of the most common applications for eductors is
their installation under dust collectors, replacing screw conveyors and airlocks with a
dust or moving parts. One blower can simultaneously drive
Most granular bulk solids are passing through silos, bins and hoppers prior to or
after being conveyed. In some cases this process is repeated a few times. The basic
good storage bin is that it can store the required quantity of materials
and that it can discharge this quantity safely and reliably by gravity. As granular bulk
solids have varying particle size distributions, chemical composition, bulk densities
ture contents, the flow ability characteristics can also vary over a wide range.
In order to establish the proper dimensioning of the storage bins and hoppers, it is
generally advisable to measure these flow ability characteristics carefully before any
ign is contemplated. A very flowable material (dry fine powder) may become
aerated and subsequently fluidize, causing potential flooding problems. There are
basically three flow patterns in bins. These are known as mass-flow, funnel
. Each of these flow patterns has its advantages and disadvantages.
flow occurs when the material moves strictly within a confined channel
above the hopper outlet. The material outside this flow channel is at rest, until such a
el drops and the materials slides into this channel. The diameter of
this flow channel is established essentially by the hopper outlet dimensions.
flow refers to a flow pattern where all the material in the bin is in a
downward motion, whenever the feeder is discharging. In essence, the material
column slides along the hopper walls. In order to attain this type of flow pattern, the
hopper walls must be steep and smooth. where the hopper slope angle is plotted
against the sliding friction of the hopper wall. There is a very specific combination of
slope angle and sliding friction coefficient that will result in mass-flow, as identified
ure 1 Pneumatic Material Handling System
f Pneumatic Material Handling System
editor@iaeme.com
-free feeding of
shaped products,
this is an enormous advantage. Replacement of existing rotary airlocks with venturi
eductors makes for simpler, more reliable conveying systems. Designing with
educators from the beginning ensures the most reliable product feeding available.
All rotary airlocks have blowback. If the product conveyed is fine or abrasive,
flowing products,
blowback can be a problem, causing bridging and housekeeping problems, or even an
ard. When installed beneath bughouses, screw conveyors, or dust
collectors, airlocks can be a major source of fugitive dust emissions, which are
eliminated after a retrofit to eductors. Eductors have none of the shearing, smearing or
common with rotary airlocks. And, of course, safety is simply
not a concern with eductors. One of the most common applications for eductors is
their installation under dust collectors, replacing screw conveyors and airlocks with a
dust or moving parts. One blower can simultaneously drive
Most granular bulk solids are passing through silos, bins and hoppers prior to or
after being conveyed. In some cases this process is repeated a few times. The basic
good storage bin is that it can store the required quantity of materials
and that it can discharge this quantity safely and reliably by gravity. As granular bulk
solids have varying particle size distributions, chemical composition, bulk densities
ability characteristics can also vary over a wide range.
In order to establish the proper dimensioning of the storage bins and hoppers, it is
generally advisable to measure these flow ability characteristics carefully before any
ign is contemplated. A very flowable material (dry fine powder) may become
aerated and subsequently fluidize, causing potential flooding problems. There are
flow, funnel-flow, and
. Each of these flow patterns has its advantages and disadvantages.
flow occurs when the material moves strictly within a confined channel
above the hopper outlet. The material outside this flow channel is at rest, until such a
el drops and the materials slides into this channel. The diameter of
this flow channel is established essentially by the hopper outlet dimensions.
flow refers to a flow pattern where all the material in the bin is in a
eder is discharging. In essence, the material
column slides along the hopper walls. In order to attain this type of flow pattern, the
hopper walls must be steep and smooth. where the hopper slope angle is plotted
wall. There is a very specific combination of
flow, as identified
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2. CONSTRUCTION
Pneumatic conveying systems are generally sinuous. A very wide variety of materials
can be handled and they are fully enclosed by the System and pipeline. Based on the
quantity of air used and pressure of the system. A typical pneumatic conveying
system comprises of four basic units, air mover (Blower), feeder (Hopper or Silos),
and conveying pipe line loop and filtration unit. Feeder is a device that is intended to
feed the material in to the conveying loop uniformly and that to with lowest leakages.
Numerous devices have been developed to feed the materials in to the pipelines. Some
of them are blow tank, rotary valve, screw feeder etc. Blow tank is a type of feeder,
which could serve the purpose both for low and high-pressure requirements.
Material and air mixture is conveyed through the pipeline loop, containing some
stipulated number of bends to provide flexibility of routing. The material of the
pipeline is usually mild steel. The bends can, however be made of a hard, erosion
resistant material. Bends can be used as horizontal section or as a vertical section in
the loop depending upon the flexibility of installation.
The factors involved in the perfect construction of the pneumatic conveying
systems can be grouped in to the following categories.
• The variables associated with the conveyed product.
• The variables associated with the carrier medium.
• The variables associated with the pipe surface material.
• The variables associated with the geometry of system.
The first two factors cover the particles being transported and carrier gas
employed, the third one covers the pipe surface material and the fourth one covers the
geometry of the system. Pipeline bends suffer from major losses due to erosion.
Severity of erosion at the bends and diverters etc. is more because there is change of
direction of gas solids suspension flows at these components. The main factors
affecting bend erosion and consequently affecting the conveyed product quality are
particle velocity, size, and shape and bend geometry. Amongst all the variables that
influence the problem of erosion for a particular product and the bend material,
velocity is probably the most important of all.
Figure 2 Main Block Diagram of P.M.H. System
2.1. Design Considerations
The designs of pneumatic transfer systems (whether push or pull) requires careful
consideration of a number of important considerations:
• Material considerations include particle attributes such as particle size, size
distribution, particle shape, density, hardness and friability. Physical properties such
as density, compressibility, permeability, and cohesion and other properties such as
toxicity, reactivity, and electrostatic effects.
• System attributes include the resistance of pipe and fittings to chemical reactivity and
abrasion, the efficient design or routing of the system to transfer materials from and
to multiple points, and the maintenance of adequate airflow over the range of
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conditions expected. These considerations can be complex and it is recommended
that you consult with a qualified and experienced engineer to assure that your system
is properly designed.
3. WORKING
Pneumatic conveying involves moving of bulk material in a stream of various carrier
gases in closed tubes (pipelines). Air mover supplies the specified volumetric flow
rate of the free air maintaining the appropriate pressure in the conveying system. Air
movers available for the pneumatic conveying system applications ranges from the
fans and blowers producing high volumetric flow rates at relatively low flow rates and
vice versa . A relatively high velocity is required and controlled by blower. Hence
keeping the power requirement same the velocity of conveying medium i.e. air can be
increased by implementing venturi feeder. Venturi feeder consists of a short length of
pipe shaped like a vena contracta, or the portion with the least cross-sectional area,
which fits into a normal pipe-line.
The hindrance caused to the flow of liquid at the throat of the venturi produces a
local Pressure drop in the region that is proportional to the rate of discharge. The
throat diameter is typically between 1/3 and ¾ of the inlet pipe diameter. Filtration
unit is a gas solid separation device performs two functions. Firstly, it recovers
conveyed material as much as possible for the next stage of handling or treatment
process. Secondly, it minimizes the pollution of the working environment.
3.1. Basic Systems of Pneumatic Conveying
3.1.1. Induction Circuit
• Low or medium pressure Fan.
• Loading hopper with venturi nozzle.
• Suitable for short distances and small outputs.
• Systems for loading, transporting and/or bulk product download.
• Essential for the transport of grain, chemical and all kinds of granular products not
very fine, abrasive sticky.
3.1.2. Pressure Circuit
• Medium of High pressure Fan (blower).
• Dosifier valves in the loading hopper and in the discharge of the cyclone.
• Suitable to cover distances up to 200 meters and larger medium outputs.
3.1.3. Closed-Circuit
• Very efficient and dustless system.
• Distance up to 100 meters.
3.1.4. Circuit for Depression
• Medium or high pressure Fan.
• Capacity according section ducts.
• Distance up to 100 meters.
• We recommended these highly efficient facilities for pneumatic conveying of
powders and finely milled.
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• Depression or vacuum system avoids loss of product leakage in the pipe system,
ensuring a working atmosphere completely free of dust.
• The fan is always place at the exit of the cyclone, preventing the product may block
or wear out the fan impeller.
3.1.5 Fabricated P.M.H. System
(Side View)
Figure 3 P.M.H. System (Side View)
(Front View)
Figure 4 P.M.H.S. (Front View)
3.2. Details of Component Utilised
A number of different components exist in a pneumatic conveying plant. A typical
conveying system comprises different zones where distinct operations are carried out.
In each of these zones, some specialised pieces of equipment are required for the
successful operation of the plant.
Typical modern pneumatic conveying system consists of the following major
components
3.3. The prime mover [Blower]
The prime mover is an essential element in pneumatic conveying system.(fig 5) A
wide range of compressors, blowers, fans and vacuum pumps are used to provide the
necessary energy to the conveying gas. The centrifugal blower because of its positive
displacement characteristics is extremely well suited to pneumatic conveying systems.
Essentially, these prime movers have an almost linear P-V relationship, which
facilitates higher solids loading than can be achieved with a fan system.
The use of centrifugal type blower systems extends over a wide range of products
to include fine sub-micron powders as well as large (3 inch) lumps of coal and rock.
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Their popularity is largely attributable to their relatively low cost. They are normally
restricted to maximum output pressures of 12 – 15 psig & normally classified as being
very noisy and it is common to find a blower unit fitted with both inlet and discharge
silencers. In recent years many manufacturers have devoted a lot of attention to this
noise aspect and at least one supplier claims to have included internal design
modifications which have reduced noise production considerably.
Figure.5 Centrifugal Blower
3.4. Feeding & mixing component [Hopper]
This zone is considered critical in pneumatic conveying system. (fig 6 &7) In this
zone, the solids are introduced into the flowing gas stream. Initially, the solids are
essentially at rest and a change in momentum occurs when solids are mixed with the
flowing gas. Associated with this momentum change is the need to provide an
acceleration zone. The acceleration zone consists of a horizontal pipe of certain length
designed such that the solids are accelerated to some ‘steady’ flow state. The
selection, design and operation of feeders for controlling the delivery of bulk solids
into the pneumatic conveying line are critical. The feeder and hopper bottom should
be designed as an integral unit. There are a number of different feeders that can be
considered for pneumatic conveying systems. The most common type of dilute phase
systems is the rotary-vane feeder, sometimes called the rotary-air-lock feeder. The
rotary feeder is the heart of a dilute phase system where an airlock feeder is needed.
In many cases, a system that was almost inoperable has been put back on its feet by
simply removing an improperly sized or wrong style of feeder and installing the right
unit for the job.
Many designers try to skimp on the rotary feeders, but it is generally penny-wise
and pound-foolish to do so because of the troubles that can develop with reduced
system capacity, frequent plug-ups, and especially with subsequent high maintenance
of misapplied feeders. Apart from conveying systems that utilize “blow pots” as a
feeder, there is generally a pressure differential involved across the rotary vane feeder,
either positive or negative. Under negative (vacuum) conditions the feed problems are
usually minimal. However, under positive pressure conditions in the pipeline, a
certain amount of the air will try to flow through the feeder in the opposite directions
from the solids.
Figure 6 Rectangular Hopper
7. Nilesh Bodkhe, Sanghshil L. Kanekar and Tushar G. Bhore
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Figure 7 Conical Hopper
Most granular bulk solids are passing through silos, bins and hoppers prior to or
after being conveyed. In some cases this process is repeated a few times. The basic
requirement of a good storage bin is that it can store the required quantity of materials
and that it can discharge this quantity safely and reliably by gravity.
There are basically three flow patterns in bins. These are known as mass-flow,
funnel-flow, and expanded-flow.
• Funnel Flow Occurs when the material moves strictly within a confined channel
above the hopper outlet. The material outside this flow channel is at rest, until such a
time that the bin level drops and the materials slides into this channel. The diameter
of this flow channel is established essentially by the hopper outlet dimensions. When
the cohesive strength of the material is high enough, it may be possible to empty out
this flow channel without the upper layers in the bin sloughing off into this channel.
Then an open channel will be formed right within the bin. This is referred to as a
“stable rathole”.
• Mass flow - Refers to a flow pattern where all the material in the bin is in a
downward motion, whenever the feeder is discharging. In essence, the material
column slides along the hopper walls. In order to attain this type of flow pattern, the
hopper walls must be steep and smooth.
• Expanded flow- Uses the mass-flow pattern in the lower hopper section up to the
point where the “stable rathole” diameter is reached, and then the flow pattern
continues as funnel-flow. The “stable rathole” diameter can be calculated when the
flow properties are known.
Conveying by Flow Feeder is continuous. In comparison with other conveying
systems it comes here to less abrasion of conveying pipeline. Compared with
conveying by pressure vessel expansion of dilute material phase into conveying
pipeline at the end of conveying cycle is omitted. Because of conveying air
expansion here comes to mass of air flowing through conveying pipeline in high
velocity and to maximum pipeline abrasion because of it.
The next advantage of conveying by Flow Feeders is their long service life and
low maintenance costs. How you can see from scheme picture of Flow feeder does
not bear any moveable parts coming into contact with conveying material. Their
abrasion and maintenance are omitted then as it is at using of screw or rotary feeders.
Above it moveable velocity of material in gravity chamber and in feeder body are
very small. Mixer is the only part where comes to material flowing at higher velocity
and the following tendency of abrasion. It is constructed in fortified anti abrasive
construction for conveying of abrasive material, like power plant flying ashes. The
only moveable parts in pneumatic conveying system by Flow-Feeder are functional
elements of closures in air distribution but they only move in clean air flow and do
not suffer by abrasion. As it is about continuous conveying the operation of
equipment is fluent and stable. It enables select comparatively low conveying
velocity of air (18 – 20 m/s at air state at the end of conveying pipeline) and mixing
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ratio approximately 15 - 25 kg/kg. Equipment has not tendency to plugging up on one
side and to abrasion of conveying pipeline on the other side.
3.5. The conveying component [Venturi System]
Once the solids have passed through the acceleration zone, they enter into the
conveying zone. (fig 8) The conveying zone consists of a pipe to convey the solids
from point A to point B over a certain distance. The selection of piping is based on a
number of factors including the abrasiveness of the product and the pressure required.
Figure 8 Venturi Section
3.6. Air-solid separation component [Baffle Plates]
At the end of any negative or positive pneumatic conveying system, a separator is
needed that separates the solids from the carrier gas or air in order to recover the
solids transported (fig.10) The selection of an adequate gas-solid separation system is
dependent upon a number of factors, the primary factor being the size of solids
requiring to be separated from the gas stream. After material has been transported
through the system, it is necessary to separate the solids from the air stream. There are
many devices available to affect efficient solids recovery. The type of system selected
will depend upon the degree of recovery required and also the harmful effects on the
product being conveyed. It is also possible to achieve some form of sizing of the
product.
Figure 10 Steel Baffle Plates
4. TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
Equations to Calculate Flow Rates
Figure 9 Venturi Meter
9. Nilesh Bodkhe, Sanghshil L. Kanekar and Tushar G. Bhore
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1) + = +
[Bernoulli’s Equation]
2) A V = A V
[Continuity Equation]
DISCHARGE THEORETICAL (Q)
1) × × 2 ℎ = Coefficient of Venturi
or h = x × [ – 1] ( Liquid heavier than liquid flow through pipe)
h = x × [ – 1] (Liquid lighter than liquid flow through pipe)
S! & S" = Specific gravity of heavier & lighter liquid
S# = Specific gravity of liquid flowing through it.
X = Diff of heavier liquid column.
2) Q = ρA V [ m%
/S ] ------------ (1)
Here, ' = density [Kg/(%]
5. MAIN CALCULATION
Calculation Table [Actual Values]
6. THEORETICAL CALCULATION
Length of the system (L) = 2 m
Area of Convergent part (*+) =
-
.
/+ =
-
.
(0.102) = 0.008 45
Area of throat part ( *6) =
-
.
/6 =
-
.
(0.076) = 0.005 45
Sr. No. Venturi Specification
Velocity
9: (m/s)
Material Flow
(Kg/sec)
Cement Sand Wheat
Coal
Ash
Talcum
Powder
1
D = 10.16 cm
D = 7.62 cm
Convergent length
= 50 cm
Divergent length
= 50 cm
9 0.136 0.064 0.089 0.044 0.143
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CEMENT
Density ( ) = 1600 < (%⁄ [Std. Value]
Continuity equation, A V = A V
0.008 × 9 = 0.005× V
V = 14.4 m s⁄
Discharge (Q) = ' A V
= 1600× 0.005 × 14.4
= 115.20 4?
@⁄
SAND
Density ( ) = 1920 < (%⁄ [Std. Value]
Continuity equation, A V = A V
0.008 × 9 = 0.005 × V
V = 14.4 m s⁄
Discharge (Q) = ' A V
= 1920× 0.005 × 14.4
= 138.24 4?
@⁄
WHEAT
Density ( ) = 280 < (%⁄ [Std. Value]
Continuity equation, A V = A V
0.008 × 9 = 0.005 × V
V = 14.4 m s⁄
Discharge (Q) = ' A V
= 280× 0.005 × 14.4
= 20.16 4?
@⁄
COAL ASH
Density ( ) = 700 < (%⁄ [Std. Value]
Continuity equation, A V = A V
0.008 × 9 = 0.005 × V
V = 14.4 m s⁄
Discharge (Q) = ' A V
= 700× 0.005 × 14.4
11. Nilesh Bodkhe, Sanghshil L. Kanekar and Tushar G. Bhore
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= 50.40 4?
@⁄
TALCUM POWDER
Density ( ) = 320 < (%⁄ [Std. Value]
Continuity equation, A V = A V
0.008×9 = 0.005× V
V = 14.4 m s⁄
Discharge (Q) = ' A V
= 320× 0.005 × 14.4
= 23.04 4?
@⁄
7. CONCLUSION
After doing all calculation & analysis it is conclude that high nozzle velocities are
always require to convey the material having high densities like sand & cement. The
implementation of venturi is necessary for balancing pressure & velocities in the
pneumatic conveying system. The material feeding areas in conveying system have
more importance to calculate the efficiency of the system.
The theoretical & practical values of discharge are equal in range with standard
values. Hence this system is efficient to use in any powder manufacturing industry or
for the handling of plant ash.
8. ABBREVIATION
• P.M.H.S. – Pneumatic material handling system
• BHP – Brake Horsepower.
• CFM – Cubic Feet per minute.
• SP – Static Pressure.
• ha – Hectare
• t – Tons
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