The document presents an analytical approach for optimal placement of combined distributed generation (DG) and capacitor units in a distribution system to minimize power losses and improve voltage profile. It proposes indices to measure power loss reduction and voltage deviation reduction. The methodology determines the optimal DG location for maximum loss reduction, and then the optimal capacitor location for maximum voltage improvement. This methodology is tested on the IEEE 33-bus system with different DG and capacitor combination scenarios. Simulation results show the methodology effectively reduces both power losses and voltage deviation.
Optimum reactive power compensation for distribution system using dolphin alg...IJECEIAES
The distribution system represents the connection between the consumers and entire power network. The radial structure is preferred for distribution system due to its simple design and low cost. It suffers from problems of rising power losses higher than the transmission system and voltage drop. One of the important solutions to evolve the system voltage profile and to lower system losses is the reactive power compensation which is based on the optimum choice of position and capacitor size in the network. Different models of loads such as constant power (P), constant current (I), constant impedance (Z), and composite (ZIP) are implemented with comparisons among them in order to identify the most effective load type that produces the optimal settlement for minimization loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and cost savings. Dolphin Optimization Algorithm (DOA) is applied for selecting the sizes and locations of capacitors. Two case studies (IEEE 16-bus and 33-bus) are employed to evaluate the different load models with optimal reactive power compensation. The results show that ZIP model is the best to produce the optimal solution for capacitors position and sizes. Comparison of results with literature works shows that DOA is the most robust among the other algorithms.
Multi Area Economic Dispatch Using Secant Method and Tie Line MatrixIJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper, Secant method and tie line matrix are proposed to solve multi area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line loss. Generator limits of all generators in each area are calculated at given area power demands plus export (or import) using secant method and the generator limits of all generators are modified as modified generator limits. Central economic dispatch (CED) problem is used to determine the output powers of all generators and finally power flows in all tie lines are determined from tie line matrix. Here, Secant method is applied to solve the CED problem. A modified tie line matrix is used to find power flow in each tie line and then tie line loss is calculated from the power flow in each tie line. The proposed approach has been tested on two-area (two generators in each area) system and four-area (four generators in each area) system. It is observed from various cases that the proposed approach provides optimally best solution in terms of cost with tie line loss with less computational burden.
Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into Autonomous MICRO-GRID usin...IJERA Editor
A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. This paper introduces the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the optimal network reconfiguration problem for power loss reduction. The PSO is a relatively new and powerful intelligence evolution method for solving optimization problems. It is a population-based approach. The PSO was inspired from natural behavior of the bees on how they find the location of most flowers. The proposed PSO algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using an inertia weight that decreases linearly during the simulation. This setting allows the PSO to explore a large area at the start of the simulation.
Optimum reactive power compensation for distribution system using dolphin alg...IJECEIAES
The distribution system represents the connection between the consumers and entire power network. The radial structure is preferred for distribution system due to its simple design and low cost. It suffers from problems of rising power losses higher than the transmission system and voltage drop. One of the important solutions to evolve the system voltage profile and to lower system losses is the reactive power compensation which is based on the optimum choice of position and capacitor size in the network. Different models of loads such as constant power (P), constant current (I), constant impedance (Z), and composite (ZIP) are implemented with comparisons among them in order to identify the most effective load type that produces the optimal settlement for minimization loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and cost savings. Dolphin Optimization Algorithm (DOA) is applied for selecting the sizes and locations of capacitors. Two case studies (IEEE 16-bus and 33-bus) are employed to evaluate the different load models with optimal reactive power compensation. The results show that ZIP model is the best to produce the optimal solution for capacitors position and sizes. Comparison of results with literature works shows that DOA is the most robust among the other algorithms.
Multi Area Economic Dispatch Using Secant Method and Tie Line MatrixIJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper, Secant method and tie line matrix are proposed to solve multi area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line loss. Generator limits of all generators in each area are calculated at given area power demands plus export (or import) using secant method and the generator limits of all generators are modified as modified generator limits. Central economic dispatch (CED) problem is used to determine the output powers of all generators and finally power flows in all tie lines are determined from tie line matrix. Here, Secant method is applied to solve the CED problem. A modified tie line matrix is used to find power flow in each tie line and then tie line loss is calculated from the power flow in each tie line. The proposed approach has been tested on two-area (two generators in each area) system and four-area (four generators in each area) system. It is observed from various cases that the proposed approach provides optimally best solution in terms of cost with tie line loss with less computational burden.
Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into Autonomous MICRO-GRID usin...IJERA Editor
A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. This paper introduces the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the optimal network reconfiguration problem for power loss reduction. The PSO is a relatively new and powerful intelligence evolution method for solving optimization problems. It is a population-based approach. The PSO was inspired from natural behavior of the bees on how they find the location of most flowers. The proposed PSO algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using an inertia weight that decreases linearly during the simulation. This setting allows the PSO to explore a large area at the start of the simulation.
Capacitor Placement Using Bat Algorithm for Maximum Annual Savings in Radial ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a two stage approach that determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce the active power loss. In first stage, the capacitor locations can be found by using loss sensitivity method. Bat algorithm is used for finding the optimal capacitor sizes in radial distribution systems. The sizes of the capacitors corresponding to maximum annual savings are determined by considering the cost of the capacitors. The proposed method is tested on 15-bus, 33 bus, 34-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems and the results are presented.
Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Distributed Generation For Radial Distribution S...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
This paper presents the implementation of multiple distributed generations planning in distribution system using computational intelligence technique. A pre-developed computational intelligence optimization technique named as Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm (EMEFA) was utilized to determine distribution loss and penetration level for the purpose of distributed generation (DG) installation. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in order to solve the complexity of the multiple DG concepts. EMEFA-ANN was developed to optimize the weight of the ANN to minimize the mean squared error. The proposed method was validated on IEEE 69 Bus distribution system with several load variations scenario. The case study was conducted based on the multiple unit of DG in distribution system by considering the DGs are modeled as type I which is capable of injecting real power. Results obtained from the study could be utilized by the utility and energy commission for loss reduction scheme in distribution system.
Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverterIJECEIAES
The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING WELL-TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL BASED ON AG...IAEME Publication
This paper presents an approach based on applying an aggregated predictor formed by multiple versions of a multilayer neural network with a back-propagation optimization algorithm for helping the engineer to get a list of the most appropriate well-test interpretation models for a given set of pressure/ production data. The proposed method consists of three stages: (1) data decorrelation through principal component analysis to reduce the covariance between the variables and the dimension of the input layer in the artificial neural network, (2) bootstrap replicates of the learning set where the data is repeatedly sampled with a random split of the data into train sets and using these as new learning sets, and (3) automatic reservoir model identification through aggregated predictor formed by a plurality vote when predicting a new class. This method is described in detail to ensure successful replication of results. The required training and test dataset were generated by using analytical solution models. In our case, there were used 600 samples: 300 for training, 100 for cross-validation, and 200 for testing. Different network structures were tested during this study to arrive at optimum network design. We notice that the single net methodology always brings about confusion in selecting the correct model even though the training results for the constructed networks are close to 1. We notice also that the principal component analysis is an effective strategy in reducing the number of input features, simplifying the network structure, and lowering the training time of the ANN. The results obtained show that the proposed model provides better performance when predicting new data with a coefficient of correlation approximately equal to 95% Compared to a previous approach 80%, the combination of the PCA and ANN is more stable and determine the more accurate results with lesser computational complexity than was feasible previously. Clearly, the aggregated predictor is more stable and shows less bad classes compared to the previous approach.
Multi-objective optimal placement of distributed generations for dynamic loadsIJECEIAES
Large amount of active power losses and low voltage profile are the two major issues concerning the integration of distributed generations with existing power system networks. High R/X ratio and long distance of radial network further aggravates the issues. Optimal placement of distributed generators can address these issues significantly by alleviating active power losses and ameliorating voltage profile in a cost effective manner. In this research, multi-objective optimal placement problem is decomposed into minimization of total active power losses, maximization of bus voltage profile enhancement and minimization of total generation cost of a power system network for static and dynamic load characteristics. Optimum utilization factor for installed generators and available loads is scaled by the analysis of yearly load-demand curve of a network. The developed algorithm of N-bus system is implemented in IEEE-14 bus standard test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in different loading conditions.
The wi-fi energy transfer (WPT) is an emerging era with increasingly more ability packages to transfer energy from a transmitter to a cellular receiver over a noticeably huge air gap. but, its extensive utility is hampered due to the relatively low performance of modern wireless power switch (WPT) structures. This study gives an idea to maximize the performance in addition to to increase the quantity of extractable electricity of a WPT system operating in resonant operation. The proposed method is primarily based on actively modifying the equal secondary-side load impedance by controlling the section-shift of the active rectifier and its output voltage degree. The offered hardware prototype represents an entire wireless charging machine, consisting of a dc–dc converter that is used to price a battery at the output of the system. Experimental results are shown for the proposed concept in comparison to a traditional synchronous rectification approach. The supplied optimization technique sincerely outperforms trendy solutions in phrases of efficiency and extractable power.
A New Design of Capacitive Power Transfer Based on Hybrid Approach for Biomed...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the development of a new design method of capacitive power transfer (CPT) which is based on hybrid concept for Biomedical Implants. This method is able to improve various issues found in the widely used CPT system that is bipolar CPT method. Based on the ability of this purposed, the simulation of the CPT system has been designed to prove an amount of power transferred through a layer of tissue. The design used to validate the suggested model which to powering implanted device, and it was performed with 3cm square plates, which have a layer of beef with the 5mm thickness in between 2 coupling plate. Power signal was generated by Class E zero voltage switching. The Class E zero voltage switching has been designed to generating alternate current with the 1MHz frequency appropriate to the hybrid CPT system specification.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Resource aware wind farm and D-STATCOM optimal sizing and placement in a dist...IJECEIAES
Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) based wind farms are capable of providing reactive power compensation. Compensation capability enhancement using reactors such as distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) while connecting distribution generation (DG) systems to grid is imperative. This paper presents an optimal placement and sizing of offshore wind farms in a coastal distribution system that is emulated on an IEEE 33 bus system. A multi-objective formulation for optimal placement and sizing of the offshore wind farms with both the location and size constraints is developed. Teaching learning algorithm is used to optimize the multi-objective function constraining on the capacity and location of the offshore wind farms. The proposed formulation is a multi-objective problem for placement of the wind generator in the power system with dynamic wind supply to the power system. The random wind speed is generated as the input and the wind farm output generated to perform the optimal sizing and placement in the distributed system. MATLAB based simulation developed is found to be efficient and robust.
Coordinated Placement and Setting of FACTS in Electrical Network based on Kal...IJECEIAES
To aid the decision maker, the optimal placement of FACTS in the electrical network is performed through very specific criteria. In this paper, a useful approach is followed; it is based particularly on the use of KalaiSmorodinsky bargaining solution for choosing the best compromise between the different objectives commonly posed to the network manager such as the cost of production, total transmission losses (Tloss), and voltage stability index (Lindex). In the case of many possible solutions, Voltage Profile Quality is added to select the best one. This approach has offered a balanced solution and has proven its effectiveness in finding the best placement and setting of two types of FACTS namely Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in the power system. The test case under investigation is IEEE-14 bus system which has been simulated in MATLAB Environment.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
Solar PV parameter estimation using multi-objective optimisationjournalBEEI
The estimation of the electrical model parameters of solar PV, such as light-induced current, diode dark saturation current, thermal voltage, series resistance, and shunt resistance, is indispensable to predict the actual electrical performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, this paper first considers the various methods of parameter estimation of solar PV to highlight their shortfalls. Thereafter, a new parameter estimation method, based on multi-objective optimisation, namely, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II), is proposed. Furthermore, to check the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, conventional methods, such as, ‘Newton-Raphson’, ‘Particle Swarm Optimisation, Search Algorithm, was tested on four solar PV modules of polycrystalline and monocrystalline materials. Finally, a solar PV module photowatt PWP201 has been considered and compared with six different state of art methods. The estimated performance indices such as current absolute error matrics, absolute relative power error, mean absolute error, and P-V characteristics curve were compared. The results depict the close proximity of the characteristic curve obtained with the proposed NSGA-II method to the curve obtained by the manufacturer’s datasheet.
Multi-objective whale optimization based minimization of loss, maximization o...IJECEIAES
Huge need in electricity causes placement of Distribution Generation (DG)s like Photovoltaics (PV) systems in distribution side for enhancing the loadability by improving the voltage stability and minimization of loss with minimum cost. Many optimal placements of DG have done in focus of minimum loss and improving voltage profile. This Whale optimization is a new optimization technique framed with mathematics of spiral bubble-net feeding behavior of humpback whales for solving a power system multi-objective problem considering cost of the power tariff and DG. Here main objectives are minimizing loss and cost with maximization of voltage stability index. IEEE 69 power system data is used for solution of the proposed method.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
Network loss reduction and voltage improvement by optimal placement and sizin...nooriasukmaningtyas
Minimization of real power loss and improvement of voltage authenticity of
the network are amongst the key issues confronting power systems owing to
the heavy demand development problem, contingency of transmission and
distribution lines and the financial costs. The distributed generators (DG) has
become one of the strongest mitigating strategies for the network power loss
and to optimize voltage reliability over integration of capacitor banks and
network reconfiguration. This paper introduces an approach for the
optimizing the placement and sizes of different types of DGs in radial
distribution systems using a fine-tuned particle swarm optimization (PSO).
The suggested approach is evaluated on IEEE 33, IEEE 69 and a real
network in Malaysian context. Simulation results demonstrate the
productiveness of active and reactive power injection into the electric power
system and the comparison depicts that the suggested fine-tuned PSO
methodology could accomplish a significant reduction in network power loss
than the other research works.
Capacitor Placement Using Bat Algorithm for Maximum Annual Savings in Radial ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a two stage approach that determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce the active power loss. In first stage, the capacitor locations can be found by using loss sensitivity method. Bat algorithm is used for finding the optimal capacitor sizes in radial distribution systems. The sizes of the capacitors corresponding to maximum annual savings are determined by considering the cost of the capacitors. The proposed method is tested on 15-bus, 33 bus, 34-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems and the results are presented.
Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Distributed Generation For Radial Distribution S...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
This paper presents the implementation of multiple distributed generations planning in distribution system using computational intelligence technique. A pre-developed computational intelligence optimization technique named as Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm (EMEFA) was utilized to determine distribution loss and penetration level for the purpose of distributed generation (DG) installation. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in order to solve the complexity of the multiple DG concepts. EMEFA-ANN was developed to optimize the weight of the ANN to minimize the mean squared error. The proposed method was validated on IEEE 69 Bus distribution system with several load variations scenario. The case study was conducted based on the multiple unit of DG in distribution system by considering the DGs are modeled as type I which is capable of injecting real power. Results obtained from the study could be utilized by the utility and energy commission for loss reduction scheme in distribution system.
Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverterIJECEIAES
The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING WELL-TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL BASED ON AG...IAEME Publication
This paper presents an approach based on applying an aggregated predictor formed by multiple versions of a multilayer neural network with a back-propagation optimization algorithm for helping the engineer to get a list of the most appropriate well-test interpretation models for a given set of pressure/ production data. The proposed method consists of three stages: (1) data decorrelation through principal component analysis to reduce the covariance between the variables and the dimension of the input layer in the artificial neural network, (2) bootstrap replicates of the learning set where the data is repeatedly sampled with a random split of the data into train sets and using these as new learning sets, and (3) automatic reservoir model identification through aggregated predictor formed by a plurality vote when predicting a new class. This method is described in detail to ensure successful replication of results. The required training and test dataset were generated by using analytical solution models. In our case, there were used 600 samples: 300 for training, 100 for cross-validation, and 200 for testing. Different network structures were tested during this study to arrive at optimum network design. We notice that the single net methodology always brings about confusion in selecting the correct model even though the training results for the constructed networks are close to 1. We notice also that the principal component analysis is an effective strategy in reducing the number of input features, simplifying the network structure, and lowering the training time of the ANN. The results obtained show that the proposed model provides better performance when predicting new data with a coefficient of correlation approximately equal to 95% Compared to a previous approach 80%, the combination of the PCA and ANN is more stable and determine the more accurate results with lesser computational complexity than was feasible previously. Clearly, the aggregated predictor is more stable and shows less bad classes compared to the previous approach.
Multi-objective optimal placement of distributed generations for dynamic loadsIJECEIAES
Large amount of active power losses and low voltage profile are the two major issues concerning the integration of distributed generations with existing power system networks. High R/X ratio and long distance of radial network further aggravates the issues. Optimal placement of distributed generators can address these issues significantly by alleviating active power losses and ameliorating voltage profile in a cost effective manner. In this research, multi-objective optimal placement problem is decomposed into minimization of total active power losses, maximization of bus voltage profile enhancement and minimization of total generation cost of a power system network for static and dynamic load characteristics. Optimum utilization factor for installed generators and available loads is scaled by the analysis of yearly load-demand curve of a network. The developed algorithm of N-bus system is implemented in IEEE-14 bus standard test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in different loading conditions.
The wi-fi energy transfer (WPT) is an emerging era with increasingly more ability packages to transfer energy from a transmitter to a cellular receiver over a noticeably huge air gap. but, its extensive utility is hampered due to the relatively low performance of modern wireless power switch (WPT) structures. This study gives an idea to maximize the performance in addition to to increase the quantity of extractable electricity of a WPT system operating in resonant operation. The proposed method is primarily based on actively modifying the equal secondary-side load impedance by controlling the section-shift of the active rectifier and its output voltage degree. The offered hardware prototype represents an entire wireless charging machine, consisting of a dc–dc converter that is used to price a battery at the output of the system. Experimental results are shown for the proposed concept in comparison to a traditional synchronous rectification approach. The supplied optimization technique sincerely outperforms trendy solutions in phrases of efficiency and extractable power.
A New Design of Capacitive Power Transfer Based on Hybrid Approach for Biomed...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the development of a new design method of capacitive power transfer (CPT) which is based on hybrid concept for Biomedical Implants. This method is able to improve various issues found in the widely used CPT system that is bipolar CPT method. Based on the ability of this purposed, the simulation of the CPT system has been designed to prove an amount of power transferred through a layer of tissue. The design used to validate the suggested model which to powering implanted device, and it was performed with 3cm square plates, which have a layer of beef with the 5mm thickness in between 2 coupling plate. Power signal was generated by Class E zero voltage switching. The Class E zero voltage switching has been designed to generating alternate current with the 1MHz frequency appropriate to the hybrid CPT system specification.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Resource aware wind farm and D-STATCOM optimal sizing and placement in a dist...IJECEIAES
Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) based wind farms are capable of providing reactive power compensation. Compensation capability enhancement using reactors such as distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) while connecting distribution generation (DG) systems to grid is imperative. This paper presents an optimal placement and sizing of offshore wind farms in a coastal distribution system that is emulated on an IEEE 33 bus system. A multi-objective formulation for optimal placement and sizing of the offshore wind farms with both the location and size constraints is developed. Teaching learning algorithm is used to optimize the multi-objective function constraining on the capacity and location of the offshore wind farms. The proposed formulation is a multi-objective problem for placement of the wind generator in the power system with dynamic wind supply to the power system. The random wind speed is generated as the input and the wind farm output generated to perform the optimal sizing and placement in the distributed system. MATLAB based simulation developed is found to be efficient and robust.
Coordinated Placement and Setting of FACTS in Electrical Network based on Kal...IJECEIAES
To aid the decision maker, the optimal placement of FACTS in the electrical network is performed through very specific criteria. In this paper, a useful approach is followed; it is based particularly on the use of KalaiSmorodinsky bargaining solution for choosing the best compromise between the different objectives commonly posed to the network manager such as the cost of production, total transmission losses (Tloss), and voltage stability index (Lindex). In the case of many possible solutions, Voltage Profile Quality is added to select the best one. This approach has offered a balanced solution and has proven its effectiveness in finding the best placement and setting of two types of FACTS namely Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in the power system. The test case under investigation is IEEE-14 bus system which has been simulated in MATLAB Environment.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
Solar PV parameter estimation using multi-objective optimisationjournalBEEI
The estimation of the electrical model parameters of solar PV, such as light-induced current, diode dark saturation current, thermal voltage, series resistance, and shunt resistance, is indispensable to predict the actual electrical performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, this paper first considers the various methods of parameter estimation of solar PV to highlight their shortfalls. Thereafter, a new parameter estimation method, based on multi-objective optimisation, namely, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II), is proposed. Furthermore, to check the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, conventional methods, such as, ‘Newton-Raphson’, ‘Particle Swarm Optimisation, Search Algorithm, was tested on four solar PV modules of polycrystalline and monocrystalline materials. Finally, a solar PV module photowatt PWP201 has been considered and compared with six different state of art methods. The estimated performance indices such as current absolute error matrics, absolute relative power error, mean absolute error, and P-V characteristics curve were compared. The results depict the close proximity of the characteristic curve obtained with the proposed NSGA-II method to the curve obtained by the manufacturer’s datasheet.
Multi-objective whale optimization based minimization of loss, maximization o...IJECEIAES
Huge need in electricity causes placement of Distribution Generation (DG)s like Photovoltaics (PV) systems in distribution side for enhancing the loadability by improving the voltage stability and minimization of loss with minimum cost. Many optimal placements of DG have done in focus of minimum loss and improving voltage profile. This Whale optimization is a new optimization technique framed with mathematics of spiral bubble-net feeding behavior of humpback whales for solving a power system multi-objective problem considering cost of the power tariff and DG. Here main objectives are minimizing loss and cost with maximization of voltage stability index. IEEE 69 power system data is used for solution of the proposed method.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
Network loss reduction and voltage improvement by optimal placement and sizin...nooriasukmaningtyas
Minimization of real power loss and improvement of voltage authenticity of
the network are amongst the key issues confronting power systems owing to
the heavy demand development problem, contingency of transmission and
distribution lines and the financial costs. The distributed generators (DG) has
become one of the strongest mitigating strategies for the network power loss
and to optimize voltage reliability over integration of capacitor banks and
network reconfiguration. This paper introduces an approach for the
optimizing the placement and sizes of different types of DGs in radial
distribution systems using a fine-tuned particle swarm optimization (PSO).
The suggested approach is evaluated on IEEE 33, IEEE 69 and a real
network in Malaysian context. Simulation results demonstrate the
productiveness of active and reactive power injection into the electric power
system and the comparison depicts that the suggested fine-tuned PSO
methodology could accomplish a significant reduction in network power loss
than the other research works.
Optimal planning of RDGs in electrical distribution networks using hybrid SAP...IJECEIAES
The impact of the renewable distributed generations (RDGs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems can be positive or negative on the system, based on the location and size of the DG. So, the correct location and size of DG in the distribution network remain an obstacle to achieving their full possible benefits. Therefore, the future distribution networks with the high penetration of DG power must be planned and operated to improve their efficiency. Thus, this paper presents a new methodology for integrated of renewable energy-based DG units with electrical distribution network. Since the main objective of the proposed methodology is to reduce the power losses and improve the voltage profile of the radial distribution system (RDS). In this regard, the optimization problem was formulated using loss sensitivity factor (LSF), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a combination of loss sensitivity index (LSI) with SA and PSO (LSISA, LSIPSO) respectively. This paper contributes a new methodology SAPSO, which prevents the defects of SA and PSO. Optimal placement and sizing of renewable energy-based DG tested on 33-bus system. The results demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the proposed SAPSO algorithm to find the near-optimal position and size of the DG units to mitigate the power losses and improve the radial distribution system's voltage profile.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In this paper a load flow based method using MATLAB Software is used to determine the optimum location and optimum size of DG in a 43-bus distribution system for voltage profile improvement and loss reduction. This paper proposes analytical expressions for finding optimal size of three types of distributed generation (DG) units. DG units are sized to achieve the highest loss reduction in distribution networks. Single DG installation case was studied and compared to a case without DG, and 43-bus distribution system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed analytical expressions are based on an improvement to the method that was limited to DG type, which is capable of injecting real power only, DG capable of injecting reactive power only and DG capable of injecting both real and reactive power can also be identified with their optimal size and location using the proposed method. This paper has been analysed with varying DG size and complexity and validated using analytical method for Summer case and Winter case in 43-bus distribution system in Myanmar.
Keywords- analytical method,distributed generation,power loss reduction,voltage profile improvement.
Dual technique of reconfiguration and capacitor placement for distribution sy...IJECEIAES
Radial Distribution System (RDS) suffer from high real power losses and lower bus voltages. Distribution System Reconfiguration (DSR) and Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) techniques are ones of the most economic and efficient approaches for loss reduction and voltage profile improvement while satisfy RDS constraints. The advantages of these two approaches can be concentrated using of both techniques together. In this study two techniques are used in different ways. First, the DSR technique is applied individually. Second, the dual technique has been adopted of DSR followed by OCP in order to identify the technique that provides the most effective performance. Three optimization algorithms have been used to obtain the optimal design in individual and dual technique. Two IEEE case studies (33bus, and 69 bus) used to check the effectiveness of proposed approaches. A Direct Backward Forward Sweep Method (DBFSM) has been used in order to calculate the total losses and voltage of each bus. Results show the capability of the proposed dual technique using Modified Biogeography Based Optimization (MBBO) algorithm to find the optimal solution for significant loss reduction and voltage profile enhancement. In addition, comparisons with literature works done to show the superiority of proposed algorithms in both techniques.
Optimal Siting of Distributed Generators in a Distribution Network using Arti...IJECEIAES
Distributed generation (DG) sources are being installed in distribution networks worldwide due to their numerous advantages over the conventional sources which include operational and economical benefits. Random placement of DG sources in a distribution network will result in adverse effects such as increased power loss, loss of voltage stability and reliability, increase in operational costs, power quality issues etc. This paper presents a methodology to obtain the optimal location for the placement of multiple DG sources in a distribution network from a technical perspective. Optimal location is obtained by evaluating a global multi-objective technical index (MOTI) using a weighted sum method. Clonal selection based artificial immune system (AIS) is used along with optimal power flow (OPF) technique to obtain the solution. The proposed method is executed on a standard IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system. The results justify the choice of AIS and the use of MOTI in optimal siting of DG sources which improves the distribution system efficiency to a great extent in terms of reduced real and reactive power losses, improved voltage profile and voltage stability. Solutions obtained using AIS are compared with Genetic algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) solutions for the same objective function.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of Dispersed Generation on Optimization of Power ExportsIJERA Editor
Dispersed generation (DG) is defined as any source of electrical energy of limited size that is connected directly to the distribution system of a power network. It is also called decentralized generation, embedded generation or distributed generation. Dispersed generation is any modular generation located at or near the load center. It can be applied in the form of rechargeable, such as, mini-hydro, solar, wind and photovoltaic system or in the form of fuel-based systems, such as, fuel cells and micro-turbines. This paper presents the impact of dispersed generation on the optimization of power exports. Computer simulation was carried out using the hourly loads of the selected distribution feeders on Kaduna distribution system as input parameters for the computation of the line loss reduction ratio index (LLRI). The result showed that the line loss reduced from 163.56MW to 144.61 MW when DG was introduced which is an indication of a reduction in line losses with the installation of DG at the various feeders of the distribution system. In all the feeders where DG is integrated, the average magnitude of the line loss reduction index is 0.8754 MW which is less than 1 indicating a reduction in the electrical line losses with the introduction of DG. The line loss reduction index confirmed that by integrating DG into the distribution system, the distribution losses are reduced and optimization of power exports is achieved The results of this research paper will form a basis to establish that proper location of distributed generation units have significant impact on their effective capacity.
Critical Review of Different Methods for Siting and Sizing Distributed-genera...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Due to several benefits attached to distributed generators such as reduction in line losses,
improved voltage profile, reliable system etc., the study on how to optimally site and size distributed
generators has been on the increase for more than two decades. This has propelled several
researchers to explore various scientific and engineering powerful simulation tools, valid and reliable
scientific methods like analytical, meta-heuristic and hybrid methods to optimally place and size
distributed generator(s) for optimal benefits. This study gives a critical review of different methods
used in siting and sizing distributed generators alongside their results, test systems and gaps in
literature.
Economic Dispatch using Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm in Electrical Power S...IJECEIAES
Unpredictable increase in power demands will overload the supply subsystems and insufficiently powered systems will suffer from instabilities, in which voltages drop below acceptable levels. Additional power sources are needed to satisfy the demand. Small capacity distributed generators (DGs) serve for this purpose well. One advantage of DGs is that they can be installed close to loads, so as to minimise loses. Optimum placements and sizing of DGs are critical to increase system voltages and to reduce loses. This will finally increase the overall system efficiency. This work exploits Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) for the placements and sizing. This optimisation targets the cheapest generation cost. Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm is an Evolutionary Algorithm running on quantum computing, which works based on qubits and states superposition of quantum mechanics. Evolutionary algorithm with qubit representation has a better characteristic of diversity than classical approaches, since it can represent superposition of states.
Cost Aware Expansion Planning with Renewable DGs using Particle Swarm Optimiz...IJERA Editor
This Paper is an attempt to develop the expansion-planning algorithm using meta heuristics algorithms. Expansion Planning is always needed as the power demand is increasing every now and then. Thus for a better expansion planning the meta heuristic methods are needed. The cost efficient Expansion planning is desired in the proposed work. Recently distributed generation is widely researched to implement in future energy needs as it is pollution free and capability of installing it in rural places. In this paper, optimal distributed generation expansion planning with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for identifying the location, size and type of distributed generator for future demand is predicted with lowest cost as the constraints. Here the objective function is to minimize the total cost including installation and operating cost of the renewable DGs. MATLAB based `simulation using M-file program is used for the implementation and Indian distribution system is used for testing the results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to An analytical approach for optimal placement of combined dg and capacitor in distribution feeder 2 (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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2. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
a fault condition, power quality decline and reduction of reliability levels [3]. Hence identifying
location for connecting DG units is a crucial part of DG planning.
In literature, there are a number of approaches developed for placement and sizing of DG
units in distribution system. Chiradeja and Ramkumar [2] presented a general approach and set of
indices to assess and quantify the technical benefits of DG in terms of voltage profile improvement,
line loss reduction and environmental impact reduction.
Khan and Choudry [4] developed an algorithm based on analytical approach to improve the
voltage profile and to reduce the power loss under randomly distributed load conditions with low
power factor for single DG as well as multi DG systems.
Hung et al. [5] used an improved analytical method for identification of the best location and
optimal power factor for placing multiple DGs to achieve loss reduction in large scale primary
distribution networks.
Kamel and Karmanshahi [6] proposed an algorithm for optimal sizing and siting of DGs at
any bus in the distribution system to minimize losses and found that the total losses in the
distribution network would reduce by nearly 85%, if DGs were located at the optimal locations with
optimal sizes.
Dr. T. Ananthapadmanabha et. al [7] proposed an analytical approach for optimal allocation
of a DG unit in radial distribution system, in which the optimal location of DG is found out by using
TENVD index concerned with the improvement of tail end node voltages and optimal size of DG is
found out for loss minimization.
The genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization and search technique based on the principles
of genetics and natural selection. Application of GA to determine optimal allocation of DG proved
to be an efficient technique and many authors has succeeded in applying it [8]-[12]. Mithulananthan
et. al [8] have tried it taking power loss minimization alone as objective. Maruthi Prasanna. H. A.
et. Al [12] have attempted in combining the tail end node voltage improvement along with the power
loss minimization objective in optimally allocating a DG unit in a radial distribution feeder using
GA.
Many authors also tried particle swarm optimization (PSO) for DG optimization problem
[13]-[15]. Some authors have tried DG allocation problem as multi objective optimization in which
they have considered voltage profile improvement as additional objective along with power loss
minimization [14] & [15].
Installation of shunt capacitors on distribution networks is essential for power flow control,
improving system stability, power factor correction, voltage profile management and losses
minimization. Therefore it is important to find optimal location and sizes of capacitors required to
minimize feeder losses. The solution techniques for loss minimization can be classified into four
categories: Analytical, numerical programming, heuristics and artificial intelligence based. Capacitor
allocation problem is a well researched topic and all earlier approached differ from each other either
in their problem formulation or problem solution methods employed [16].
In large distribution networks it is very difficult to predict the optimum size and location of
capacitor which finally results not only in reducing losses but also improves the overall voltage
profile [17]. Though many conventional models and techniques are used for this purpose but it
becomes a cumbersome task as the complexity of the system increases. [18-20] Linear and nonlinear
programming methods have been proposed earlier to solve the placement problem.
Capacitors are commonly used to provide reactive power support in distribution systems. The
amount of reactive compensation provided is very much related to the placement of capacitors in
distribution feeders. The determination of the location, size, number and type of capacitors to be
placed is of great significance, as it reduces power and energy losses, increases the available capacity
of the feeders and improves the feeder voltage profile. Numerous methods for solving this problem
in view of minimizing losses have been suggested in the literature [21–27].
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3. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
In literature, very few attempts were seen [28-30] about the optimal placement of combined
DG and capacitor. The present paper considers the optimal placement of DG and capacitor with the
key objective of minimizing the power loss and voltage deviation. In this paper, an analytical
approach for optimal placement of combined DG and Capacitor units are determined with the
objective of power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. Firstly, the DG unit is placed for
loss minimization objective and then the capacitor unit is placed for voltage deviation minimization.
Three scenarios of DG and capacitor combinations are tried out. To validate the proposed analytical
approach, it has been applied to IEEE 33-bus radial distribution systems in MATLAB R2009b.
The organization of this paper is as follows; section 2 defines the problem, section 3 defines
the proposed methodology, Section 4 discusses the results obtained by the proposed method and
finally section 5 concludes the paper.
ij i j i j ij i j i j PL P P Q Q Q P PQ
b = d −d
PLRI i = (2)
spec
i VDI V V
spec is the Voltage specified in pu. In this paper, it is taken as 1 pu; Vi is the Voltage at the
78
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION
In order to determine benefits from combined DG and Capacitor integration, two sets of indices
are proposed in this paper Viz PLRI and VDRI. They are explained below.
2.1 Power Loss Reduction Index (PLRI)
The total real power loss in a distribution system with ‘N’ buses as a function of active and reactive
power injection at all buses can be calculated using the following equation (1) [31]
N
[ ]
= =
= + + −
i
N
1 j
1
a ( ) b ( )
(1)
Where,
a = d −d
cos( ) i j
r
ij
ij V V
i j
;
sin( ) i j
r
ij
ij V V
i j
;
PL is the exact loss of the distribution system; rijis the resistance between bus i and bus j; Vi and
Vj is the voltage magnitude of buses i and j respectively; i is the voltage angle at bus i; j is the
voltage angle at bus j; Pi and Qi active and reactive power injection at bus i ; Pj and Qj is the active
and reactive power injection at bus j.
The Power Loss Reduction Index of ith bus when DG is connected to that bus is given by,
( )
PL i
( )
( )
PL base
Where, PL(i) is the distribution system real power loss when DG is connected to the ith bus; PL(base)
is the distribution system real power loss without DG connection;
2.2 Voltage Deviation Reduction Index (VDRI)
The voltage deviation index (VDI) of the distribution system is given by,
b N
=
= −
i
i
1
2 ( ) (3)
Where, Vi
ith bus in pu.
The VDI is a measure of the voltage profile of the distribution system and it indicates how
the voltage values of the distribution nodes are nearer to the specified voltage. It is expected that this
value should be nearer to zero, so that all the nodes of the distribution system will be having voltage
nearer to the specified voltage (1 pu).
4. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
The Voltage Deviation Reduction Index (VDRI) of ith bus when capacitor is connected to that bus
VDI i
79
is given by,
( )
( )
( )
VDI base
VDRI i =
(4)
Where, VDI (i) is the voltage deviation index of distribution system when capacitor is
connected to ith bus; VDI (base) is the voltage deviation index of the distribution system without
capacitor connection.
The objective of the optimal DG placement is to achieve minimum power loss in the
distribution system with DG and the objective of the optimal capacitor placement is to achieve
minimum voltage deviation in the distribution system subject to the following constraints:
• Line load ability limit:
line(i, j ) line(i, j )max P P
(5)
Where, Pline(i,j) is the line flow between nodes i and j; Pline(i,j)max is the maximum line flow capacity of
line between nodes i and j;
• Bus Voltage limit:
min max V V V i (6)
Where, Vmin is the minimum acceptable voltage at any bus; Vmax is the maximum allowable voltage
at any bus; Vi is the voltage of any bus i.
3. PROBLEM FORMULATION
In this paper, it is proposed to determine optimal location for both DG and capacitor units.
The optimal location for DG unit is located such that it offers maximum power loss reduction and the
optimal location for capacitor unit is decided such that it offers maximum voltage deviation
reduction. Firstly, the DG unit is placed at the optimal location decided for loss reduction and then
the capacitor is placed for voltage deviation reduction. The purpose of such a procedure is to use DG
as a way for power loss reduction by injecting real power in the distribution system and to use
capacitor as a way for voltage deviation reduction by injecting reactive power in the distribution
system. The overall procedure of determining optimal locations for combined DG and capacitor is
shown in Fig 1.
4. SIMULATION RESULTS
The proposed methodology using FEM is tested on IEEE-33bus Radial Distribution System
(RDS) [32] (Fig 2) having following characteristics: Number of buses=33; Number of lines=32;
Slack Bus no=1; Base Voltage=12.66KV; Base MVA=100 MVA;
The forward backward method of load flow (FBLF) is employed in this paper, whose details are
given in [33]. Initially, the base case FBLF is run for the IEEE 33bus RDS and the base case voltage
profile is shown in Figure 3. The base case real power loss is 210.97 kw and base case VDI is 0.1338
pu.
The test system is simulated in MATLAB R2009b the proposed methodology has been
tested, whose results are as shown below. In this paper, 3 scenarios of optimal DG placement are
carried out:
Scenario-1 in which a 1DG of unity pf 1 Capacitor is to be placed.
Scenario-2 in which 2 DG units of unity pf 2 Capacitors are to be placed.
Scenario-3 in which 3 DG units of unity pf 3 Capacitors are to be placed.
5. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
The procedure of determining optimal location for combined DG and capacitor units is explained in
Figure 1. In each scenario, the DG sizes of available sizes and the practically available capacitor
sizes are considered. The details of available capacitors can be found in [34]. The results of each
scenario are tabulated in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 respectively.
Figure 1: Flowchart for Optimal Placement of Combined DG and Capacitor
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6. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Figure 2. Single line diagram of IEEE-33 bus RDS
Figure 3. Base Case Voltage Profile of IEEE-33 bus RDS
In each scenario, the power loss after placement is compared with the base case power loss
and loss reduction in Kw is tabulated. Similarly the VDI after placement is compared with base case
VDI and VDI reduction in pu is tabulated.
From each scenario, it is very clear that the proposed methodology yields maximum power
loss reduction and maximum voltage deviation reduction.
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7. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Table 1: Optimal Placement Results of IEEE 33 bus RDS for Scenario-1
82
DG Capacitor
Base Case
Parameters
After Placement of Combined DG and
Capacitor
Capacity
in KW
Optimal
Location
Capacity
in KVAr
Optimal
Location
Power
Loss in
KW
VDI in
pu
Power
Loss in
KW
Loss
Reducti
on in
Kw
VDI in
pu
VDI
Reduction
in Pu
150 18 150 18 210.97 0.1338 177.31 33.66 0.1008 0.0330
300 17 300 18 210.97 0.1338 153.38 57.59 0.0754 0.0584
450 15 450 18 210.97 0.1338 137.05 73.92 0.0569 0.0769
600 14 600 17 210.97 0.1338 125.66 85.31 0.0430 0.0908
900 13 900 15 210.97 0.1338 112.53 98.44 0.0264 0.1074
1200 10 1200 33 210.97 0.1338 82.69 128.28 0.0169 0.1169
Table 2: Optimal Placement Results of IEEE 33 bus RDS for Scenario-2
DG Capacitor
Base Case
Parameters
After Placement of Combined DG and
Capacitor
Capacity
in KW
Optimal
Location
Capacity
in KVAr
Optimal
Location
Power
Loss in
KW
VDI in
pu
Power
Loss in
KW
Loss
Reductio
n in Kw
VDI in
pu
VDI
Reduction
in Pu
150
18
15
150
18
18
210.97 0.1338 153.10 57.87 0.0758 0.058
300
17
32
300
18
17
210.97 0.1338 121.67 89.3 0.0447 0.0891
450
15
32
450
18
15
210.97 0.1338 103.163 107.84 0.0236 0.1102
600
14
31
600
17
33
210.97 0.1338 57.05 153.92 0.0108 0.123
900
13
30
900
15
33
210.97 0.1338 50.34 160.63 0.0034 0.1304
Table 3: Optimal Placement Results of IEEE 33 bus RDS for Scenario-3
DG Capacitor
Base Case
Parameters
After Placement of Combined DG and
Capacitor
Capacity
in KW
Optimal
Location
Capacity
in KVAr
Optimal
Location
Power
Loss in
KW
VDI in
pu
Power
Loss in
KW
Loss
Reducti
on in
Kw
VDI in
pu
VDI
Reduction
in Pu
150
18
15
32
150
18
18
17
210.97 0.1338 134.24 76.73 0.0590 0.0748
300
17
32
13
300
18
17
33
210.97 0.1338 81.82 129.15 0.0231 0.1107
450
15
32
9
450
18
15
33
210.97 0.1338 62.50 148.47 0.0080 0.1258
600
14
31
7
600
17
33
30
210.97 0.1338 37.06 173.91 0.0017 0.1321
8. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
83
5. CONCLUSION
An analytical approach for determining the optimal locations for combined DG and capacitor
units is presented in this paper. The optimal location of DG is decided such that it provides
maximum real power loss reduction and the optimal location of capacitor is decided such that it
provides maximum voltage deviation reduction. The proposed methodology is validated by applying
it to IEEE 33 bus Radial Distribution system with three different scenarios. In each scenario, it is
found that the proposed methodology has the capability of simultaneously reducing the real power
losses in the distribution system with voltage profile improvement. The proposed method can be
used as a tool by utilities in distribution system planning in deregulated environment.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors Maruthi Prasanna. H. A. and Veeresha. A. G. acknowledge the Technical
Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP)-II of All India Council for Technical
Education (AICTE), New Delhi, India and Dr. G. L. Shekar, Principal, NIE, Mysore for providing
financial assistance for carrying out this research work.
The author Maruthi Prasanna. H. A. also acknowledge the Karntaka Power Transmission
Corporation Limited (KPTCL), Karnataka for providing leave to pursue Integrated M.Tech + PhD
programme.
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