This document examines how incorporating new technology and innovation in supply chain management processes can enhance marketing postponement flexibility and customer-related performance in Malaysian manufacturing companies. It studies how new technology related to product/process design, new product development, and production processes impact flexibility and customer performance. The study uses statistical analysis methods like correlation analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze relationships between these variables based on manager perceptions. Key findings are that new technology and innovation in SCM have significant correlations with flexibility and customer performance, and especially impact aspects of design/development and production processes. Companies should emphasize new technology in these areas to improve performance.
The impact of the digital era on the implementation of lean six sigmaUduakLuke
This document discusses the impact of digital technologies on the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. It first reviews literature on Lean Six Sigma and how its critical success factors can vary by industry. The digital technology industry is growing rapidly and faces unique challenges. The document aims to understand hurdles to Lean Six Sigma implementation in digital emerging technology companies by identifying industry-specific critical success factors, potential modifications to the Lean Six Sigma methodology, and how data analytics capabilities can complement traditional Lean Six Sigma analytical tools. It presents results from case studies of digital technology companies that have implemented Lean Six Sigma through interviews.
EFFECTUAL IMPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITHIN AMAZON.COM INC.Sadia Rahat
This document discusses the fundamentals and application of total quality management (TQM) within Amazon.com Inc. It outlines key TQM fundamentals like demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, customer service, distribution, procurement, strategic planning, and risk management. It then provides details on how Amazon applies TQM principles within its supply chain, focusing on value proposition, drop shipment model, and strategic supply chain management. Overall, the document analyzes how TQM has contributed to Amazon's success.
Is supply chain management important to implementAlexander Decker
This document discusses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to SCM and its importance as a competitive strategy. It then reviews literature that has examined SCM tools and frameworks, core functions, strategies, and factors that affect SCM implementation. The document aims to study the existing SCM in Saudi Arabian industries, identify problematic areas, and propose performance measurement methods to monitor progress and enhance SCM.
Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product q...이현수 Mohd Shukri Hajinoor
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the relationship between lean production practices in supply chain management and product quality/business performance in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The paper aims to assess which lean practices most impact quality and performance. A survey of 200 manufacturing companies found that reducing setup times was most important in linking lean practices to quality and performance gains. Overall, the results support that lean production positively influences product quality and business performance. However, Malaysian companies still have room for improvement in fully implementing lean practices across their supply chains.
This document summarizes a study on supply chain management in the textile industry and a supplier selection model using analytical hierarchy process. It discusses key factors for a successful supply chain in the globalized textile industry. The study presents an AHP model that apparel companies can use to select suppliers and develop a supplier relationship management strategy. The model identifies strategic priorities and weights to select suppliers that align with the company's strategy. The outcome and implications of the model for implementation are also discussed.
Benchmarking internal supply chain performance development of a frame workIAEME Publication
This document presents a framework for benchmarking internal supply chain performance using publicly available financial data. The framework calculates three metrics: total length of supply chain, efficiency of supply chain management, and supply chain working capital productivity. It applies the framework to analyze three fast moving consumer goods companies over four years. The analysis finds that Company C consistently had the best performance on the metrics, with shorter supply chain length, higher efficiency, and higher productivity. The framework provides a way for companies to evaluate their internal supply chain performance and identify areas for improvement by comparing metrics over time and to other companies.
Technological innovations can impact competitive advantage for companies and entire industries. This document discusses how technology affects competition and competitive advantage in three main ways:
1) Technology is embedded in every aspect of a company's value chain, from primary activities like production to support activities like procurement. Technological changes can lower costs or increase differentiation for activities throughout the value chain.
2) Technology can shape industry structure by creating new industries, eroding the advantages of established firms, or enabling some firms to gain an advantage.
3) Not all technological changes benefit competition - some may worsen a firm's position or make an industry less attractive. To have strategic value, a technological change must lower costs or increase differentiation, and provide
The impact of the digital era on the implementation of lean six sigmaUduakLuke
This document discusses the impact of digital technologies on the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. It first reviews literature on Lean Six Sigma and how its critical success factors can vary by industry. The digital technology industry is growing rapidly and faces unique challenges. The document aims to understand hurdles to Lean Six Sigma implementation in digital emerging technology companies by identifying industry-specific critical success factors, potential modifications to the Lean Six Sigma methodology, and how data analytics capabilities can complement traditional Lean Six Sigma analytical tools. It presents results from case studies of digital technology companies that have implemented Lean Six Sigma through interviews.
EFFECTUAL IMPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITHIN AMAZON.COM INC.Sadia Rahat
This document discusses the fundamentals and application of total quality management (TQM) within Amazon.com Inc. It outlines key TQM fundamentals like demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, customer service, distribution, procurement, strategic planning, and risk management. It then provides details on how Amazon applies TQM principles within its supply chain, focusing on value proposition, drop shipment model, and strategic supply chain management. Overall, the document analyzes how TQM has contributed to Amazon's success.
Is supply chain management important to implementAlexander Decker
This document discusses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to SCM and its importance as a competitive strategy. It then reviews literature that has examined SCM tools and frameworks, core functions, strategies, and factors that affect SCM implementation. The document aims to study the existing SCM in Saudi Arabian industries, identify problematic areas, and propose performance measurement methods to monitor progress and enhance SCM.
Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product q...이현수 Mohd Shukri Hajinoor
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the relationship between lean production practices in supply chain management and product quality/business performance in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The paper aims to assess which lean practices most impact quality and performance. A survey of 200 manufacturing companies found that reducing setup times was most important in linking lean practices to quality and performance gains. Overall, the results support that lean production positively influences product quality and business performance. However, Malaysian companies still have room for improvement in fully implementing lean practices across their supply chains.
This document summarizes a study on supply chain management in the textile industry and a supplier selection model using analytical hierarchy process. It discusses key factors for a successful supply chain in the globalized textile industry. The study presents an AHP model that apparel companies can use to select suppliers and develop a supplier relationship management strategy. The model identifies strategic priorities and weights to select suppliers that align with the company's strategy. The outcome and implications of the model for implementation are also discussed.
Benchmarking internal supply chain performance development of a frame workIAEME Publication
This document presents a framework for benchmarking internal supply chain performance using publicly available financial data. The framework calculates three metrics: total length of supply chain, efficiency of supply chain management, and supply chain working capital productivity. It applies the framework to analyze three fast moving consumer goods companies over four years. The analysis finds that Company C consistently had the best performance on the metrics, with shorter supply chain length, higher efficiency, and higher productivity. The framework provides a way for companies to evaluate their internal supply chain performance and identify areas for improvement by comparing metrics over time and to other companies.
Technological innovations can impact competitive advantage for companies and entire industries. This document discusses how technology affects competition and competitive advantage in three main ways:
1) Technology is embedded in every aspect of a company's value chain, from primary activities like production to support activities like procurement. Technological changes can lower costs or increase differentiation for activities throughout the value chain.
2) Technology can shape industry structure by creating new industries, eroding the advantages of established firms, or enabling some firms to gain an advantage.
3) Not all technological changes benefit competition - some may worsen a firm's position or make an industry less attractive. To have strategic value, a technological change must lower costs or increase differentiation, and provide
This document discusses the concept of a responsive supply chain (RSC) and provides a framework for developing an RSC. It defines an RSC as a network of firms capable of reacting quickly and cost-effectively to changing market demands. The key enablers of an RSC are identified as a network of partnering firms, information technology and systems, and knowledge management. The document reviews literature on agile manufacturing and supply chain management strategies and identifies strategic planning, virtual enterprise, and knowledge/IT management as important factors for developing an RSC. It concludes by proposing a framework that combines the strengths of agile manufacturing and supply chain management to achieve responsiveness, flexibility, and cost objectives.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed factors affecting the effective implementation of supply chain management (SCM) in food manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study utilized qualitative interviews with 13 SCM experts. Key findings were that SCM implementation in these firms needs improvement. Limiting factors included low SCM knowledge, ineffective management, outdated technologies, and weak strategic supplier relationships. The study recommends that SMEs improve supplier relationships, invest in new technologies, and seek government support through training and funding to strengthen SCM implementation.
IRJET- Review Paper on Supply Chain Management of WindshieldIRJET Journal
This document discusses supply chain management of windshield production. It begins by defining supply chain management and its key components - planning, material requirements planning, production planning and control, and logistics. It then reviews several academic papers on supply chain management topics like frameworks, trends, challenges, and barriers in manufacturing organizations. Specifically, it examines how supply chain management can be applied to the construction industry. Finally, it discusses future opportunities to improve windshield production supply chain management through a customer focus, market analysis, and competition.
Determinants of Supply Chain Performance of Indian Manufacturing OrganizationsWaqas Tariq
This paper aims at proposing various determinants of supply chain performance of Indian manufacturing organizations. The determinants are summarized based on extensive literature review of empirical research articles on supply chain management (SCM) and performance measurement approaches. This study is a part of a larger research project exploring SC related practices. A critical analysis is carried out so as to identify research gaps in context of performance measurement of supply chains, as well as to propose directions for future research. A conceptual model is also proposed. Critical investigation of selected articles led to an idea that there can be significant effect of selected variables on SC Performance. It is to be seen that how various parameters, taken from the literature review, affect SC performance and ultimately contributing to its competitiveness. The various parameters like supplier-buyer relations, external supply chain, environmental factors, human metrics, information sharing and performance measurement approaches are taken in a single study in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. Based on a pilot study with sample size of 100, empirical tests resulted in reduction of items. Based on the obtained results, the organizations can enhance the SCM performance by improving the current practices/strategies through focusing on the determinants that significantly influence SCM performance. Further research can be carried out by using data of various supply chains of other sectors and industries of India to generalize the research.
Supply chain management and service quality in malaysian hotel industryAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the role of supply chain management practices in enhancing service quality in the hotel industry in Malaysia. The study analyzed data from 89 hotel managers in Malaysia. The results revealed that successful supply chain management practices, including strategic purchasing, communication with suppliers, and developing strong supplier relationships, can lead to higher levels of service quality. Specifically, the study found that strategic purchasing positively influences communication, supplier relationships, and service quality, and that better communication and supplier relationships are also positively related to higher service quality. The study concludes that hotel managers should focus on effective supply chain management to improve service quality and performance.
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS, SUPPLY ...Dr.Ganeshkumar C
This document outlines a study on the relationship between supply chain management components, supply chain performance, and organizational performance of manufacturing industries in Puducherry, India. The study aims to understand the impact of important supply chain management components on supply chain performance and organizational performance. It reviews literature on related topics and identifies variables and constructs such as supply chain concerns, competence, practices, and performance. The methodology section outlines how data will be collected and analyzed through statistical tools to test hypotheses and relationships between variables. The findings will provide insights on how supply chain management can impact performance.
Strategic supply chain management and logisticsBhavi Bhatia
3.1 assess how information technology could assist integration of different parts of the supply chain of an organization
3.2 evaluate how information technology has contributed to the management of the supply chain of an organization
3.3 assess the effectiveness of information technology in managing the supply chain of an organization
4.1 explain the role of logistics in supply chain management in an organization
4.2 evaluate procurement practices in an organization
4.3 discuss the factors that must be
considered when improving logistics and procurement practices in an organization
5.1 plan a strategy to improve an organisation’s supply chain
5.2 assess how a supply chain improvement strategy will benefit overall business performance in an organization
5.3 explain how barriers will be overcome in an organization when implementing a supply
chain improvement strategy
This document discusses the effectiveness of supply chain management in Bangladesh's readymade garments industry. It begins with an introduction to supply chain management and its importance for the garments industry. It then outlines the objectives, methodology, and key topics of discussion which include an overview of supply chain management and factors affecting its effectiveness. The discussion section provides details on Bangladesh's existing supply chain structure and challenges. It concludes that the country must improve supply chain management to remain competitive in the global garments market and meet export goals.
This document discusses implementing Pareto analysis as part of total quality management (TQM) for service industries projects. It reviews 22 research papers on different TQM strategies, challenges, and overcoming challenges. The introduction provides an overview of TQM, which aims to continuously improve manufacturing and reduce losses through management and quality tools. The literature review summarizes several papers on implementing TQM in small businesses and relating TQM to organizational characteristics, scope and business performance, and the importance of human aspects. Key aspects of TQM discussed include leadership, employee involvement, training, customer focus, and continuous improvement.
Quality-Driven Logistics: Reverse Logistics Process Reengineering, Improving ...paperpublications3
Abstract: To succeed in the modern global economy, it is critical to build a Logistics network that is information-rich, highly flexible, cost effective, and defined by both customer needs and internal corporate strategy. Organizations must constantly reinvent the Logistics network to allow business growth and change. Yet, the superiority in Logistics operations is anything but enough to achieve competitive advantage. The proper handling of Reverse Logistics is currently perceived as the leading distinction edge among organizations. From another perspective, high operational efficiency is dependent on quick, accurate, and continuous exchange of information within an organization. Such ability is achieved through the use of modern Information Technology and computer automation. As organizations cannot move into the highly competitive environment by adapting old management methods, Process Reengineering might be the solution. In this research, the concepts of Reverse Logistics, Information Technology, and Process Reengineering are spotlighted. A reengineering of the current maintenance process of a major Egyptian Healthcare Medical Equipment Provider is proposed in order to enhance the Customer Service Quality and the Operational Efficiency. Computer simulation modeling is used to evaluate the proposed model.
Sample Report On Operation Management in Business By Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
Operation management is the most important section of business management. In this process, management of business formulates various strategies for the assessment and optimum allocation of different kinds of resources and functions to get the desired outcomes. For more information regarding Operation Management in Business read our complete sample.
Development of Model for Quality Costing in a Medium Scale Industry-A Case StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract: Quality c o s t s pl ay s vi tal rol e in improving productivity. These costs are typically
categorized into costs of prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. Like other activities of
business, quality costs can be programmed, budgeted, measured and analyzed to attain the objective of
better quality at lower cost. Quality costs is the basis by which investments in quality programs may be
evaluated in terms of cost improvement , profit enhancement and other benefits for plants and companies
from these programs. The cost of quality is an increasingly important issue in the debates over quality.
There was a mistaken notion that achievement of better quality requires higher costs. It was the myth that
prevented many Indian companies to invest more on quality cost related programs. In this article the
authors made an attempt to identify the different types of quality costs in a medium scale industry because
the small and medium scale industries pay very little attention towards finding and developing a system for
knowing & optimizing the cost of achieving quality. A model is proposed to identify the different quality
costs in a medium scale industry and is further implemented. It has been found some quality costs are more critical and require greater attention.
Key words: Quality costs, Quality management, Pareto analysis, Model for optimization
This document outlines a Six Sigma project conducted by Alsico, a Belgian garment company, to reduce delays in delivering orders from its Tunisian factories. The project team used the DMAIC methodology, beginning with defining the problem of delivery delays and how they impact customer satisfaction and profits. They measured current delivery performance, analyzed causes of delays, and planned to improve the ordering, production planning, and logistics processes. The goal was to identify root causes of delays and implement solutions to meet customer needs for on-time, high-quality deliveries while maintaining costs.
Sample Report on Logistic Operation management by Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
The present report is designed to provide deep knowledge about the use of forecasting in logistic operations management of Nestle which is a Swiss multinational food and beverage company headquartered in Switzerland .For more information regarding Logistic Operation management read our complete sample.
Management Control in Contemporary Organization: Opportunities, Challenges an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper deals with management control as an
important instrument for managing performances in modern
organizations. The paper indicates to the circumstances in
which classical theory of management control was created,
and describes its process of functioning, with the specifics in
large organizations. The aim is to point to some open questions
and directions of further development of the management
control, as well as to at least partially fill the gap that exists in
the domestic literature. The conclusion is that the existing
management control framework remains still valid. Open
questions can be best resolved within the concept that observes
this matter as a "package" of different control systems, not
just those that are oriented to accounting-based performance
measures.
Need of Lean & Six Sigma to Achieve Business Excellence in SMEspaperpublications3
This document discusses the need for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to implement Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methods to improve quality, productivity, and cost competitiveness in order to meet global demand and retain customers. LSS can help SMEs eliminate waste and reduce costs through tools that optimize processes. Case studies show large companies saved over $1 billion through LSS. While total quality management and total productive maintenance may be difficult for SMEs, LSS provides similar benefits with less investment. LSS tools like value stream mapping, root cause analysis, and statistical process control can help SMEs improve processes to consistently deliver high quality products at lower costs.
Ghazanfar Hasan has over 8 years of experience in anchoring, production management, and acting. He has worked for several companies in India and Dubai as an executive, production manager, anchor, and actor. His experience includes managing events and productions for Philips, Zodiac Events, ON Events & Promotions, and Explosive Events. He is looking for a platform to utilize his skills in anchoring and exploring new innovative methods to make it more entertaining.
Sistem persamaan non-linear dapat diubah menjadi sistem persamaan linear dengan memisalkan variabel non-linear menjadi variabel linear, kemudian diselesaikan dan hasilnya dikembalikan ke pemisalan semula.
StatPortal Open Data: la scelta della Valle del Savio per rendere fruibili i ...Alessandro Greco
Questa presentazione è stata mostrata al convegno "“OPEN DATA” per l’Unione dei comuni Valle del Savio: strumenti di trasparenza e partecipazione dei cittadini" tenutosi a Cesena il 23 ottobre 2015. Programma: http://www.istat.it/it/files/2015/10/Programma_CESENA.pdf
E' giunta l'ora di quella che possiamo definire come una “fase 2” per gli open data; le pubbliche amministrazioni stanno capendo infatti che fare open data è e deve essere molto di più che pubblicare file da scaricare, ma anche gestire al meglio il flusso di pubblicazione, scegliere accuratamente quali dati pubblicare pensando alla loro reale utilità e soprattutto rendere i dati non solo scaricabili ma anche fruibili online con tabelle, grafici e mappe interattive.
Per rispondere a queste esigenze servono quindi strumenti adeguati come la piattaforma open source "StatPortal OpenData" scelta dall’Unione dei Comuni della Valle del Savio.
This document summarizes alternative energy sources as a replacement for fossil fuels, with a special focus on solar energy. It notes that fossil fuels are finite and their combustion contributes to global warming. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro and biomass could meet increasing energy demand in a more sustainable way. Solar energy in particular is highlighted as a promising alternative that can be harnessed through solar panels or collectors and has many environmental benefits compared to fossil fuels.
Jose Candelario has 12 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry with expertise in aseptic techniques, validation processes, equipment operation, and manufacturing of parenteral and lyophilized products. He has a Bachelor's in Network Technology and Applications Development and an Associate's in Electronic Technician. His most recent role was as a Manufacturing Supervisor at Pfizer where he supervised operators, revised SOPs, and ensured compliance.
1) Existem dicas para lavar e limpar diferentes tipos de cortinas e tecidos, como algodão, linho e poliéster, de forma a preservá-los por mais tempo.
2) É importante também limpar regularmente os acessórios como varões, trilhos e argolas usando produtos apropriados para cada material.
3) Algumas dicas gerais incluem aspirar com frequência, lavar na máquina evitando centrifugar, e deixar secando no varão para manter o formato.
This document discusses the concept of a responsive supply chain (RSC) and provides a framework for developing an RSC. It defines an RSC as a network of firms capable of reacting quickly and cost-effectively to changing market demands. The key enablers of an RSC are identified as a network of partnering firms, information technology and systems, and knowledge management. The document reviews literature on agile manufacturing and supply chain management strategies and identifies strategic planning, virtual enterprise, and knowledge/IT management as important factors for developing an RSC. It concludes by proposing a framework that combines the strengths of agile manufacturing and supply chain management to achieve responsiveness, flexibility, and cost objectives.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed factors affecting the effective implementation of supply chain management (SCM) in food manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study utilized qualitative interviews with 13 SCM experts. Key findings were that SCM implementation in these firms needs improvement. Limiting factors included low SCM knowledge, ineffective management, outdated technologies, and weak strategic supplier relationships. The study recommends that SMEs improve supplier relationships, invest in new technologies, and seek government support through training and funding to strengthen SCM implementation.
IRJET- Review Paper on Supply Chain Management of WindshieldIRJET Journal
This document discusses supply chain management of windshield production. It begins by defining supply chain management and its key components - planning, material requirements planning, production planning and control, and logistics. It then reviews several academic papers on supply chain management topics like frameworks, trends, challenges, and barriers in manufacturing organizations. Specifically, it examines how supply chain management can be applied to the construction industry. Finally, it discusses future opportunities to improve windshield production supply chain management through a customer focus, market analysis, and competition.
Determinants of Supply Chain Performance of Indian Manufacturing OrganizationsWaqas Tariq
This paper aims at proposing various determinants of supply chain performance of Indian manufacturing organizations. The determinants are summarized based on extensive literature review of empirical research articles on supply chain management (SCM) and performance measurement approaches. This study is a part of a larger research project exploring SC related practices. A critical analysis is carried out so as to identify research gaps in context of performance measurement of supply chains, as well as to propose directions for future research. A conceptual model is also proposed. Critical investigation of selected articles led to an idea that there can be significant effect of selected variables on SC Performance. It is to be seen that how various parameters, taken from the literature review, affect SC performance and ultimately contributing to its competitiveness. The various parameters like supplier-buyer relations, external supply chain, environmental factors, human metrics, information sharing and performance measurement approaches are taken in a single study in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. Based on a pilot study with sample size of 100, empirical tests resulted in reduction of items. Based on the obtained results, the organizations can enhance the SCM performance by improving the current practices/strategies through focusing on the determinants that significantly influence SCM performance. Further research can be carried out by using data of various supply chains of other sectors and industries of India to generalize the research.
Supply chain management and service quality in malaysian hotel industryAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the role of supply chain management practices in enhancing service quality in the hotel industry in Malaysia. The study analyzed data from 89 hotel managers in Malaysia. The results revealed that successful supply chain management practices, including strategic purchasing, communication with suppliers, and developing strong supplier relationships, can lead to higher levels of service quality. Specifically, the study found that strategic purchasing positively influences communication, supplier relationships, and service quality, and that better communication and supplier relationships are also positively related to higher service quality. The study concludes that hotel managers should focus on effective supply chain management to improve service quality and performance.
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS, SUPPLY ...Dr.Ganeshkumar C
This document outlines a study on the relationship between supply chain management components, supply chain performance, and organizational performance of manufacturing industries in Puducherry, India. The study aims to understand the impact of important supply chain management components on supply chain performance and organizational performance. It reviews literature on related topics and identifies variables and constructs such as supply chain concerns, competence, practices, and performance. The methodology section outlines how data will be collected and analyzed through statistical tools to test hypotheses and relationships between variables. The findings will provide insights on how supply chain management can impact performance.
Strategic supply chain management and logisticsBhavi Bhatia
3.1 assess how information technology could assist integration of different parts of the supply chain of an organization
3.2 evaluate how information technology has contributed to the management of the supply chain of an organization
3.3 assess the effectiveness of information technology in managing the supply chain of an organization
4.1 explain the role of logistics in supply chain management in an organization
4.2 evaluate procurement practices in an organization
4.3 discuss the factors that must be
considered when improving logistics and procurement practices in an organization
5.1 plan a strategy to improve an organisation’s supply chain
5.2 assess how a supply chain improvement strategy will benefit overall business performance in an organization
5.3 explain how barriers will be overcome in an organization when implementing a supply
chain improvement strategy
This document discusses the effectiveness of supply chain management in Bangladesh's readymade garments industry. It begins with an introduction to supply chain management and its importance for the garments industry. It then outlines the objectives, methodology, and key topics of discussion which include an overview of supply chain management and factors affecting its effectiveness. The discussion section provides details on Bangladesh's existing supply chain structure and challenges. It concludes that the country must improve supply chain management to remain competitive in the global garments market and meet export goals.
This document discusses implementing Pareto analysis as part of total quality management (TQM) for service industries projects. It reviews 22 research papers on different TQM strategies, challenges, and overcoming challenges. The introduction provides an overview of TQM, which aims to continuously improve manufacturing and reduce losses through management and quality tools. The literature review summarizes several papers on implementing TQM in small businesses and relating TQM to organizational characteristics, scope and business performance, and the importance of human aspects. Key aspects of TQM discussed include leadership, employee involvement, training, customer focus, and continuous improvement.
Quality-Driven Logistics: Reverse Logistics Process Reengineering, Improving ...paperpublications3
Abstract: To succeed in the modern global economy, it is critical to build a Logistics network that is information-rich, highly flexible, cost effective, and defined by both customer needs and internal corporate strategy. Organizations must constantly reinvent the Logistics network to allow business growth and change. Yet, the superiority in Logistics operations is anything but enough to achieve competitive advantage. The proper handling of Reverse Logistics is currently perceived as the leading distinction edge among organizations. From another perspective, high operational efficiency is dependent on quick, accurate, and continuous exchange of information within an organization. Such ability is achieved through the use of modern Information Technology and computer automation. As organizations cannot move into the highly competitive environment by adapting old management methods, Process Reengineering might be the solution. In this research, the concepts of Reverse Logistics, Information Technology, and Process Reengineering are spotlighted. A reengineering of the current maintenance process of a major Egyptian Healthcare Medical Equipment Provider is proposed in order to enhance the Customer Service Quality and the Operational Efficiency. Computer simulation modeling is used to evaluate the proposed model.
Sample Report On Operation Management in Business By Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
Operation management is the most important section of business management. In this process, management of business formulates various strategies for the assessment and optimum allocation of different kinds of resources and functions to get the desired outcomes. For more information regarding Operation Management in Business read our complete sample.
Development of Model for Quality Costing in a Medium Scale Industry-A Case StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract: Quality c o s t s pl ay s vi tal rol e in improving productivity. These costs are typically
categorized into costs of prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. Like other activities of
business, quality costs can be programmed, budgeted, measured and analyzed to attain the objective of
better quality at lower cost. Quality costs is the basis by which investments in quality programs may be
evaluated in terms of cost improvement , profit enhancement and other benefits for plants and companies
from these programs. The cost of quality is an increasingly important issue in the debates over quality.
There was a mistaken notion that achievement of better quality requires higher costs. It was the myth that
prevented many Indian companies to invest more on quality cost related programs. In this article the
authors made an attempt to identify the different types of quality costs in a medium scale industry because
the small and medium scale industries pay very little attention towards finding and developing a system for
knowing & optimizing the cost of achieving quality. A model is proposed to identify the different quality
costs in a medium scale industry and is further implemented. It has been found some quality costs are more critical and require greater attention.
Key words: Quality costs, Quality management, Pareto analysis, Model for optimization
This document outlines a Six Sigma project conducted by Alsico, a Belgian garment company, to reduce delays in delivering orders from its Tunisian factories. The project team used the DMAIC methodology, beginning with defining the problem of delivery delays and how they impact customer satisfaction and profits. They measured current delivery performance, analyzed causes of delays, and planned to improve the ordering, production planning, and logistics processes. The goal was to identify root causes of delays and implement solutions to meet customer needs for on-time, high-quality deliveries while maintaining costs.
Sample Report on Logistic Operation management by Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
The present report is designed to provide deep knowledge about the use of forecasting in logistic operations management of Nestle which is a Swiss multinational food and beverage company headquartered in Switzerland .For more information regarding Logistic Operation management read our complete sample.
Management Control in Contemporary Organization: Opportunities, Challenges an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper deals with management control as an
important instrument for managing performances in modern
organizations. The paper indicates to the circumstances in
which classical theory of management control was created,
and describes its process of functioning, with the specifics in
large organizations. The aim is to point to some open questions
and directions of further development of the management
control, as well as to at least partially fill the gap that exists in
the domestic literature. The conclusion is that the existing
management control framework remains still valid. Open
questions can be best resolved within the concept that observes
this matter as a "package" of different control systems, not
just those that are oriented to accounting-based performance
measures.
Need of Lean & Six Sigma to Achieve Business Excellence in SMEspaperpublications3
This document discusses the need for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to implement Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methods to improve quality, productivity, and cost competitiveness in order to meet global demand and retain customers. LSS can help SMEs eliminate waste and reduce costs through tools that optimize processes. Case studies show large companies saved over $1 billion through LSS. While total quality management and total productive maintenance may be difficult for SMEs, LSS provides similar benefits with less investment. LSS tools like value stream mapping, root cause analysis, and statistical process control can help SMEs improve processes to consistently deliver high quality products at lower costs.
Ghazanfar Hasan has over 8 years of experience in anchoring, production management, and acting. He has worked for several companies in India and Dubai as an executive, production manager, anchor, and actor. His experience includes managing events and productions for Philips, Zodiac Events, ON Events & Promotions, and Explosive Events. He is looking for a platform to utilize his skills in anchoring and exploring new innovative methods to make it more entertaining.
Sistem persamaan non-linear dapat diubah menjadi sistem persamaan linear dengan memisalkan variabel non-linear menjadi variabel linear, kemudian diselesaikan dan hasilnya dikembalikan ke pemisalan semula.
StatPortal Open Data: la scelta della Valle del Savio per rendere fruibili i ...Alessandro Greco
Questa presentazione è stata mostrata al convegno "“OPEN DATA” per l’Unione dei comuni Valle del Savio: strumenti di trasparenza e partecipazione dei cittadini" tenutosi a Cesena il 23 ottobre 2015. Programma: http://www.istat.it/it/files/2015/10/Programma_CESENA.pdf
E' giunta l'ora di quella che possiamo definire come una “fase 2” per gli open data; le pubbliche amministrazioni stanno capendo infatti che fare open data è e deve essere molto di più che pubblicare file da scaricare, ma anche gestire al meglio il flusso di pubblicazione, scegliere accuratamente quali dati pubblicare pensando alla loro reale utilità e soprattutto rendere i dati non solo scaricabili ma anche fruibili online con tabelle, grafici e mappe interattive.
Per rispondere a queste esigenze servono quindi strumenti adeguati come la piattaforma open source "StatPortal OpenData" scelta dall’Unione dei Comuni della Valle del Savio.
This document summarizes alternative energy sources as a replacement for fossil fuels, with a special focus on solar energy. It notes that fossil fuels are finite and their combustion contributes to global warming. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro and biomass could meet increasing energy demand in a more sustainable way. Solar energy in particular is highlighted as a promising alternative that can be harnessed through solar panels or collectors and has many environmental benefits compared to fossil fuels.
Jose Candelario has 12 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry with expertise in aseptic techniques, validation processes, equipment operation, and manufacturing of parenteral and lyophilized products. He has a Bachelor's in Network Technology and Applications Development and an Associate's in Electronic Technician. His most recent role was as a Manufacturing Supervisor at Pfizer where he supervised operators, revised SOPs, and ensured compliance.
1) Existem dicas para lavar e limpar diferentes tipos de cortinas e tecidos, como algodão, linho e poliéster, de forma a preservá-los por mais tempo.
2) É importante também limpar regularmente os acessórios como varões, trilhos e argolas usando produtos apropriados para cada material.
3) Algumas dicas gerais incluem aspirar com frequência, lavar na máquina evitando centrifugar, e deixar secando no varão para manter o formato.
The document presents a model of a Lean Operations Management System (LOMS) intended to address the missing link between using Lean tools and achieving a sustainable, continuously improving organization. The proposed LOMS model is based on an extensive literature review of Lean Manufacturing, operations management, and performance management systems. It aims to define an operations management system adapted for daily shop floor control and animation that enhances Lean leadership and culture. The model incorporates five key elements: customer satisfaction, internal processes performance, problem solving and learning, continuous improvement, and Genchi Genbutsu (going to see the actual situation firsthand). The goal of the LOMS model is to provide managers with a useful daily agenda for monitoring and measuring operations performance to help organizations fully
This document examines how incorporating new technology and innovation in supply chain management processes can enhance marketing postponement flexibility and customer-related performance in Malaysian manufacturing companies. It studies how new technology related to product/process design, new product development, and production line processes impact postponement flexibility and customer performance. The study uses statistical analysis methods like correlation, cluster analysis, and structural equation modeling to analyze relationships between these variables based on manager perceptions. Key findings indicate new technology in these areas has significant positive correlations with postponement flexibility and customer performance, and can play an important role in improving company performance.
This document presents a framework for supplier management that includes selection, evaluation, and performance management. It discusses the need for companies to regularly track and communicate key supplier metrics to improve relationships and ensure priorities are met. The proposed framework was developed through a literature review of common supplier evaluation criteria used in various industries, as well as input from companies on the metrics they use and challenges they face. It identifies eight main criteria categories (e.g. quality, cost, delivery), 32 specific metrics, and a 4-level ranking system to evaluate and manage supplier performance. The goal of the framework is to help companies standardize and consistently execute their supplier management processes.
This document analyzes the effectiveness of increased advertising in influencing consumer response. It discusses how the researcher opened a Facebook fan page called "Xaat Bhani" to promote the website www.7sisters.in. The researcher found that increasing paid advertising reach led to dramatic increases in fan followers, from 100 to 750 to 1600 to 2200 over successive months. Correspondingly, the number of advertisements on the website increased from 20 to 700 over the same period. The study concludes that frequent display of advertisements through increased social media presence plays on consumers' minds and popularizes the brand, leading to greater awareness, loyalty, and success in launching new products.
The document discusses improving interpersonal communication skills through training and simulation of the human mind. It identifies factors that hamper communication skills like stress, lack of focus, inconsistent body language, and negative body language. It also discusses factors that can improve skills like being an engaged listener and effectively managing stress. The document recommends techniques for becoming a better listener such as focusing fully on the speaker, favoring the right ear, avoiding interruptions, and showing interest through body language and verbal cues. The overall goal is to develop more effective communication through reducing stress and barriers while strengthening skills like listening engagement.
This document examines the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities in selected pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. A survey was administered to 420 employees across pharmaceutical firms to assess levels of innovative prowess, proactiveness, and risk-taking (measures of corporate entrepreneurship) and their effects on the firms' ability to learn, reconfigure resources, coordinate resources, and integrate resources (measures of dynamic capabilities). Statistical analysis found a strong positive relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities. Specifically, higher levels of employee innovative prowess, proactiveness, and risk-taking were correlated with stronger dynamic capabilities in the firms to adapt to changing market conditions. The study concludes that corporate entrepreneurship stimulates the development of dynamic capabilities that allow firms to
This study examined undergraduate students' usage of the academic library at Afe Babalola University in Nigeria. The researchers surveyed 500 undergraduate students to understand how and why they used the library. They found that most students (56%) visited the library daily, but primarily to read for tests and exams (99.6%) or browse the internet (96.8%). Many students were dissatisfied with the limited seating capacity and availability of computers in the library. The researchers recommended encouraging more regular library use through assignments and promoting library resources, as well as expanding the library space and resources to better serve students.
This document discusses a web service model for exchanging data between different database types. The model is implemented as an interface that allows a user to input an SQL server database file and output a MySQL database file, and vice versa. The implementation uses ASP.Net to create a web service with methods for converting database structures and transferring data between database types. The model was tested on databases with various record sizes and was able to successfully convert the databases with minimal response times and data loss.
This document analyzes the long-term solvency of Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki through calculating and comparing their debt-equity ratios from 2010-2011 to 2014-2015. It finds that Tata Motors had an average debt-equity ratio of 0.63:1 over this period, ranging from 0.49:1 to 0.85:1 annually. Maruti Suzuki had a significantly lower average ratio of 0.02:1, ranging from 0.01:1 to 0.03:1. The study concludes that both companies maintained debt-equity ratios well below the generally safe threshold of 2:1, indicating low reliance on debt and strong ability to repay long-term commitments.
This document presents a new technique for high voltage power transmission using a beam of conductors. It describes developing a mathematical model and numerical simulation to analyze the complex dynamics when such a beam is subjected to electromagnetic forces during a short circuit. These can cause the sub-conductors in the beam to choke and impact each other. The summary develops a finite element model incorporating the electrical connections between sub-conductors and nonlinear contact mechanics during impacts. Software is developed using this model to simulate beam structures and validate results against experimental data.
1. The document describes a resolution enhancement technique for noisy medical images using a sparse representation method.
2. It begins with denoising the low-resolution input image using total variation to remove noise while preserving edges.
3. It then performs super resolution on each image patch by finding the sparse nonnegative linear representation of the denoised low-resolution patch over patches in a database of high and low-resolution image pairs.
4. The proposed method integrates denoising and super resolution to provide both a denoised and higher resolution output image, making it suitable for medical images which are often noisy and low-resolution.
1. The document discusses entrepreneurial behavior and motivation among entrepreneurs in different industries in India. It examines behavioral characteristics, motivational needs, competencies, and McClelland's theory of manifest needs as they relate to entrepreneurship.
2. McClelland identified three main manifest needs - need for achievement, need for power, and need for affiliation. Need for achievement is considered the main driver of entrepreneurial motivation and involves taking on challenges, pursuing excellence, and competitiveness.
3. Entrepreneurial competencies identified by EDI include initiative, seeing and acting on opportunities, persistence, problem solving, self-confidence, and concern for employee welfare. The document analyzes how these competencies relate to McClelland
Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing ...ijtsrd
Supply chain control has assumed a good sized role in firms performance and has attracted serious research interest over the last few years. A literature reviewreveals a massive spurt in studies in principle and exercise of SCM Combining and informing on capabilities of deliver control and distribution management. This integration hasresulted within the concept of prolonged. Employer and the supply chain is now appear as the collaborative deliver chain across intercompany borders to maximise the value throughout the complete deliver chain. A massive variety of research papers had been published in numerous journals in ultimate many years. On this paper an attempt is made to study the popularity of literature on supply Chain management. A literature classification scheme is proposed. a complete of 588 articles from thirteen refereed academic journals are categorised into articles in 5 methodologies i.e. Exploratory, Normative, methodology, Literature review and hypothesis testing. This literature evaluation reveals that exploratory kind of studies is normally favoured it is expected that with the maturity of SCM the hypothesis trying out approach will choose up. The articles are similarly categorised in fifteen categories on the basis of content analysis. Based on this assessment, some feasible studies issues are recognized. Prof. Rekha D. M | Sowmya A V ""Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing of Business Organisations"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23876.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23876/implementation-of-supply-chain-management-and-its-effectiveness-on-marketing-of-business-organisations/prof-rekha-d-m
This document provides an overview of a framework developed at the Agile Manufacturing and Enterprise Centre (AMEC) at the University of Liverpool to help small and medium enterprises adopt agile manufacturing concepts. The framework is based on four pillars: auditing the company, auditing the operating environment, benchmarking, and learning best practices. It describes tools to assess the business environment turbulence, a company's agility capabilities, and its agility performance. The framework is intended to help companies identify gaps and create agility implementation roadmaps through transitional strategies, measurements, and benchmarking against emerging practices.
STRATEGIC EVALUATION IN OPTIMIZING THE INTERNAL SUPPLY CHAIN USING TOPSIS: E...Shiva Prasad
This document summarizes a research study that used the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to evaluate and rank the key factors affecting the performance of an internal supply chain for a coil-winding machine manufacturer in India. Six factors were identified: information sharing, supplier relationship, information technology, inventory planning, 5S practices, and labor effectiveness. These factors were scored based on their influence on four criteria: on-time delivery, production flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and additional costs. Using the TOPSIS method, supplier relationship and inventory planning were ranked as the most important factors for positively influencing the supply chain criteria. The study aims to help the manufacturer identify and
The document presents a framework for measuring supply chain performance. It begins by discussing how supply chain management has become important for competitive strategy and organizational productivity. It then reviews literature on supply chain performance measurement and identifies a lack of empirical analysis and case studies.
The framework was developed based on literature and a study of British companies. It structures performance measures across four levels of a supply chain: planning, sourcing, production, and delivery. Specific metrics are identified for evaluating order management, suppliers, and production capabilities. The framework aims to promote understanding of important but understudied area of supply chain performance measurement.
Gaining Competitive Advantages Through Supply Chain Management:Success StoriesLijo M Loyid
This document discusses how effective supply chain management can create competitive advantages for organizations. It provides success stories of Zara, Dell, FedEx, and Walmart as examples. Zara gains advantages through rapid production, local sourcing, and frequent deliveries. Dell reduces costs and lead times through vendor managed inventory and information sharing. FedEx improves transparency and customer service through innovative technology and data availability. Walmart was an early adopter of barcodes and IT to reduce costs and offer low prices. Overall the document shows how supply chain integration, information technology, and waste reduction can help firms compete.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Expert opinion and guidelines on supply chain for iscea ptak prizeMd Asif Imrul
Supply chain management is a highly-detailed system used by small and large organizations likely to get products to consumers, from obtaining raw materials, manufacturing and delivering the final product to the customer. A well-organized supply chain management system involves optimizing operations functionality to be fast and efficient.
We're truly honored for getting the great opportunity to serve the CSCA & CSCM participants
We employ Cameroonian data on 162 Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to test fourth competing hypotheses about the impact of Supply Chain Management (SCM) on their performance. The first hypothesis states that there is a relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for implementation of SCM and SME performance in terms of customer service and satisfaction
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practi...IJERA Editor
The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining
profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is
an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel
success factors or practices that are responsible for the decisive role to overture the process are identified.
These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different
strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for
three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any
sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated
over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score
for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from
different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line
to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized
productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of
committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal
outcomes.
Keys to Succeed in Implementing Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM) and Lean S...IJMTST Journal
Competition is global and it continues to get more intense, with changes in technology, introduction of new and differentiated products and techniques. These changes are faster than what can be implemented. Profits are no longer driven by prices but with costs.[1] Customers have access to just about anything at their finger tips. The expectation like quick response, lower prices, flexible orders and quality products, is increasing every day from the customers. Our OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are searching for new methods of doing business and they expect their suppliers, like us to do the same. The challenge in front of us is how we respond effectively to these changing trends in the industry for our survival & growth. Change is the only certainty and the above is very much applicable to any business to achieve and sustain competitive edge. It is evident that organizations, which are innovative and visionary, have successfully implemented the change, realizing its business strategies would lead to their long term survival
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Supply chain management (SCM) involves coordinating all the activities involved in delivering a product from suppliers to customers. SCM aims to create fast, low-cost networks of businesses to get products from concept to market. The Internet is making SCM more efficient by enabling activities like electronic data interchange between businesses. However, companies sometimes fail to implement efficient SCM due to inaccurate demand forecasting during the planning process.
This document discusses the concepts of agile manufacturing (AM) and supply chain management (SCM) and proposes a framework for a responsive supply chain (RSC). It defines RSC as a network of firms capable of reacting quickly and cost-effectively to changing market demands. The document reviews literature on AM and SCM and analyzes case studies to identify factors for developing an RSC framework. The proposed RSC framework integrates AM and SCM approaches to achieve agility, flexibility, speed, and cost objectives through a virtual network of partner firms enabled by knowledge management and information technology.
Review on Smart Supply Chain ManagementIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of smart supply chain management. It defines supply chain management and discusses its key elements and strategies. The main points are:
1. Supply chain management aims to efficiently coordinate the planning, coordination, and optimization of activities across suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and retailers.
2. There are different types of supply chain models oriented towards efficiency or responsiveness. Efficient models maximize asset utilization and are best for industries like cement, steel, and paper.
3. A smart supply chain strategy is shaped by the industry framework, the company's unique value proposition, its internal processes, and managerial focus on aligning supply chain execution with business strategy.
IMPORTANCE OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION IN AUTO INDUSTRYIAEME Publication
The Auto Industry plays an significant role in the Indian Economy. The current
challenges in manufacturing of Automobile involves the role of Supply Chain
Management. The effectiveness of the function could be enhanced by the Integration
of SCM especially in Auto industry wherein the research is undertaken. The detailed
description of the process, The study deals with integration is given an approach of
explanatory design and questionnaire are used as an instrument to capture the main
data furthermore the study also uses descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS for
quantitative data analysis. To link the dependant and independent variables, a
conceptual framework is developed, to stress the needs and importance of integration
of SCM. The study reveals the importance of supplies innovatives
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Empirical Research: Supply Chain and BYOD – Hand in Hand for the FutureRahul Bansal
This study is aimed at reducing the investments of companies in buying devices for the employees and help employees to use their own devices to improve their efficiency at work and in turn improving the efficiency of the Supply Chain
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORM...muo charles
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE INDUSTRY IN KENYA. A CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED KENYA
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
2. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 68 editor@iaeme.com
new technology and innovation in SCM and marketing as well as a greater
degree of management support for technological enhancement initiatives.
Key words: Supply chain management (SCM), New technology and
innovation, Marketing postponement flexibility, Customer related
performance and Structural equation modeling (SEM).
Cite this Article: Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran. Enhancing
Flexible Marketing Postponement Strategy and Customer Related
Performance: The Role of New Technology and Innovation, International
Journal of Management, 6(9), 2015, pp. 67-84.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JTypeIJM&VType=6&IType=9
1. INTRODUCTION
The process of making, distributing and marketing products and services to customers
is becoming the most effective and efficient way for businesses to stay relevant and is
central to the practice of supply chain management (SCM). As global competition
increases, manufacturing companies should be more involved in how their suppliers
and customers operate their businesses. They need to focus on processes that have
significant impact on performances. Incorporating new technology and innovation is
one of the important elements in SCM. SCM with new technology and innovation
orientation involves a new way of approach and includes the integration of vision,
culture, and strategy to provide the customers with high technological and quality
products at competitive prices (Davis & Heineke, 2005). Increasing global
competition and the rising costs of natural resources today as well as customers’
demands for higher product quality, greater product selection, and better customer
service have created new challenges for manufacturing companies. The new global
business scenario have led many Malaysian manufacturing companies to adopt high
technological processes, minimize wastage and defects, enhance product quality to
sustain or improve overall firm performance. The main objectives of this paper are:
To empirically assess the importance of each new technology and innovation variable
on performance.
To empirically determine whether new technology and innovation has significant
impact on postponement flexibility.
To empirically discover whether new technology and innovation has significant
impact on customer related performance.
To empirically test whether there is a direct effect of postponement flexibility on
customer related performance.
To empirically highlight new technological and innovation variables most
emphasized by high financial performance companies.
This paper explores the possibility of adopting new technology and innovation in
SCM processes as the basis for enhancing marketing postponement flexibility
(POSTPONE) and customer related performance (CRP) in Malaysian manufacturing
companies. First, this paper proceeds with a brief explanation on the new technology
and innovation in SCM principles and literature review; second, it highlights the
conceptual framework which includes the explanation of the conceptual model and
hypotheses. Third, it discusses the methodology adopted, and the tests conducted to
obtain reliable and valid measures of variables. Fourth, it highlights the preliminary
statistical analyses which include correlations between new technology and
3. Enhancing Flexible Marketing Postponement Strategy and Customer Related Performance:
The Role of New Technology and Innovation
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 69 editor@iaeme.com
innovation in SCM, postponement flexibility and customer related performance,
classification of companies using cluster analysis and rankings of new technology and
innovation variables using Friedman rank test. Fifth, it presents the result of structural
equation modelling (SEM). Finally, the overall results are then discussed and
implications highlighted.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 New Technology and Innovation in Supply Chain Management
SCM involves integration, co-ordination and collaboration across organizations and
throughout the supply chain. According to Ganeshan and Harrison (1999), a supply
chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of
procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and
finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply
chain management (SCM) is “the management of upstream and downstream
relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less
cost to the supply chain as a whole” (Christopher, 1998). SCM comprises of functions
like distribution planning, demand forecasting, purchasing, requirement planning,
production planning, warehousing, material handling, inventory, packaging, order
processing, and transportation etc. All these functions are considered as building
blocks of SCM in today's business environment.
Supply chain management seeks to enhance performance by closely integrating
and coordinating the internal functions within a company and effectively linking them
with the external operations of suppliers and customers. Firms must achieve a
relatively high degree of integration before implementing SCM which involves
integration, coordination and collaboration across organizations and throughout the
supply chain.
Today’s era of global competition has created increasing challenges for
manufacturing companies. Manufacturing companies that do not keep up with new
technology and innovation would lose out to competitors. Nowadays, manufacturing
companies do not only compete on prices but also on who would first introduce new
technological, creative, innovative and high quality products to enable them to be
market leaders and ultimately gain higher profits. Supply Chain management has the
potential to assist the organization in achieving both cost and a value advantage
(Christopher, 1998 & Lambert, 1998). Many researchers claim that supply chain
management can result in better supply chain performance (Christopher, 1998 and
Christiansee & Kumar, 2000), but very few empirical studies have been carried to
investigate the impact of new technology and innovation in SCM on postponement
flexibility and customer related performance. There are a number of processes for
incorporating new technology and innovation investigated in this study namely
‘technology and innovation in product and process design’, ‘technology and
innovation in new product development’ and ‘technology and innovation in
production line processes’.
New technology and innovation in this study includes new technology and
innovation in SCM system, designs and processes. New technology and innovation
refers to the application of the latest scientific or engineering discoveries to the design
of operations and production processes. New technology and innovation can also
mean that information technology and automation have been integrated into the
processes. The term automation refers to the integration of a range of advanced
4. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 70 editor@iaeme.com
information and engineering discoveries into operations processes. Automation
projects are basically initiated to achieve improved quality, faster production and
increased flexibility. There is a variety of new technologies used in manufacturing.
Types of manufacturing automation may include machine attachment, numerically
control machine, robots, automated quality control inspection, automatic
identification systems and automated process control. On the other hand automated
production systems may comprise of automated flow lines, automated assembly
systems, flexible manufacturing systems, automated storage and retrieval systems.
Lastly software systems for automation may include several computer –based systems
such as computer aided design (CAD) or computer aided manufacturing (CAM),
computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP)
(Gaither & Frazier, 2002).
New technology and innovation can create cost-effective, flexible and agile
supply chain management. New technology and innovation can be effectively
leveraged in supply chain management (SCM) in the context of the Malaysian
manufacturing environment in order to achieve operational excellence, high
technological processes, business growth, better informative decision making and new
opportunities. With global purchasing, high-quality and high-technology products are
the factors that drive purchases. Many of the improvements in supply chain
performance would not have been possible without similar improvements in the new
technology and innovations as well as information systems that are the backbone of
most well-run supply chains. In addition, new technology and innovations are
changing the way supply chains perform. Internet, intranet and other electronic
communications can synchronize a firm’s supply chain with those of its supply chain
members in producing, merchandising and transporting products more efficiently.
Product design collaboration using new technological decision support systems
manages design across the lifecycle of a product, from introduction to service support
to obsolescence, by having suppliers become part of the design process. This helps cut
design and production times, improves product quality, and achieves faster time-to-
market (Gaither & Frazier, 2002).
2.2. Marketing Postponement Concept
Postponement involves the process of delaying marketing final product configuration
until the actual order requirement is specified by the customer. Keeping products in
semi-finished would allow more flexibility and customization in completing the final
products and also enables a company to respond more quickly to market demand.
Postponement is an approach to marketing, designing and developing standard,
configurable products that can be differentiated quickly and inexpensively once actual
customer demand is known. Basically, postponement simply means adding variety
after receiving a customer order rather than in anticipation of orders (Ballou, 1999;
Iacocca Institute, 1991).
To manage inventory effectively in this environment, companies must anticipate
demand changes. However, global market demand is difficult to forecast in times of
economic uncertainty. It is even more challenging when you add the competitive
pressures of globalization, shorter product cycles, mass customization, and
outsourcing. Although holding finished products as inventory can buffered the impact
of uncertainties and can accommodate the market needs but finished products lose
value quickly and risk obsolescence or inventory write-offs. Further complicating the
demand challenge is the fact that customer demand for product specification is
5. Enhancing Flexible Marketing Postponement Strategy and Customer Related Performance:
The Role of New Technology and Innovation
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 71 editor@iaeme.com
increasing, and companies must produce several versions of each model (Ballou,
1999; Lampel and Mintzbert, 1996; Van Hoek, 2000)).
Producing value added products that fulfill customers’ requirements at the exact
place and time, enable companies to maximise their profits through fully
understanding real customer requirements. However, many companies are exploring
ways toward this in response to constantly changing demands. This allows a
manufacturer to achieve the marketing benefits of customisation while reaping the
cost benefits of standardised production in anticipation of future customer orders
(Lampel and Mintzbert, 1996). With a high degree of conformance to the customers'
ultimate requirements, postponement has been identified as an important approach for
contributing to the attainment of agility and customer orientation, through its
contribution to the:
customisation of products and services;
use of customer order information through the supply chain; and
cross functional efforts (Van Hoek, 2000).
Many manufacturers and retailers today are turning to postponement, or a delayed
differentiation strategy, to strike the right inventory balance at all points in the product
lifecycle. By holding inventory in a less-finished state or postponing final product
assembly until actual customer demand is known, companies can respond more
quickly to market opportunities and offer greater customization options. However,
adopting a postponement strategy typically requires a fundamental redesign of
manufacturing processes. Postponement also calls for a high degree of collaboration
and visibility across the supply chain. In all cases, however, postponement is used as a
way to reduce risk and inventories while still providing high product variety and
acceptable response times (Van Hoek, 2001; Iacocca Institute, 1991).
3. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
3.1. The Conceptual Model
This section explores the linkages between new technology and innovation,
postponement flexibility and customer related performance constructs and variables
within the context of the Malaysian manufacturing industry. The proposed model, as
depicted in Figure 1, is based on three main constructs—(i) Technology and
innovation (TECH); (ii) Postponement flexibility (POSTPONE); and (iii) Customer
related performance (CRP).
Essentially, new technology and innovation variables represent a manager’s
assessment of the overall level of new technology and innovation in SCM. Three
dimensions of new technology and innovation in SCM processes adapted from several
sources (Davis & Heineke 2005, Mekong capital.com, 2004) were considered to relate
to distinctive features of new technology and innovation in SCM processes and are
therefore incorporated in the conceptual model as shown in Figure 1. The new
technology and innovation dimensions include: ‘Technology and innovation in new
product development’ (T7NPDEV), ‘Technology and innovation in product and
process design’ (T7PPDSGN), and ‘Technology and innovation in production line
process’ (T7PPROC).
In order to capture the multi-dimensional nature of performance measures,
postponement flexibility is manifested by ‘Flexibility in developing different versions
or product’ (PVERSION), ‘Flexibility in meeting changing customers needs’
6. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 72 editor@iaeme.com
(PCNEEDS), ‘Flexibility in modifying demand function’ (PMDD) and ‘Flexibility in
catering for current trend of demand from customers’ (PCTREND). On the other
hand, customer related performance is operationalised by scales namely ‘Fill
customers’ orders on time’ (CORDER), ‘Meet customers’ short order-to-delivery
cycle time’ (CCYCLE) and ‘Fast respond to customers needs’ (CFASTRES).
Figure 1 The Conceptual Framework Linking New technology and innovation in SCM,
Marketing Postponement Flexibility and Customer Related Performance
3.2. Hypotheses
New technology and innovation variables have important influence on production and
customer results such as marketing postponement flexibility and customer related
performance. A structural equation model is used in this study to analyze the
structural effect of new technology and innovation in SCM processes on these
performance results. The first hypothesis states that implementing effective new
technology and innovation processes can enhance marketing postponement flexibility.
The second hypothesis proposes that implementing new technology and innovation
processes improves customer related performance. In addition, this study tries to test
(The third hypothesis) whether there is a direct effect of marketing postponement
flexibility on customer related performance within the context of Malaysian
manufacturing companies. Therefore, the following main hypotheses are investigated:
1H : New technology and innovation has a positive structural effect on
postponement flexibility.
2H : New technology and innovation has a positive structural effect on customer
related performance.
3H :Marketing Postponement Flexibility has a positive structural effect on
customer related performance.
Technology and
Innovation
(TECH)
Customer
Related
Performance
(CRP)
Postponement
Concept
(POSTPONE)
Fill customers'
orders on time
(CORDER)
Meet customers'
short order-to-delivery
cycle time
(CCYCLE)
Our company adopts
the latest technology &
innovation in new
product development
(T7NPDEV)
Our company adopts
the latest technology &
innovation in product
and process design
(T7PPDSGN)
Flexibility in developing
different versions
of product (PVERSION)
Flexibility in meeting
changing customers
needs (PCNEEDS)
Fast respond to
customer needs
(CFASTRES)
Our company adopts
the latest technology
and innovation in our
production line process
(T7PPROC)
Flexibility in modifying
demand function
(PMDD)
Flexibility in catering
for current trend
of demand from
customers (PCTREND)
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In investigating the structural effect of new technology and innovation on those
performance results, it is also pertinent to determine the structural loadings of each
new technology and innovation variable. Therefore, this study also attempts to test the
following hypotheses:
AH1 : ‘New technology and innovation in new product development’ has positive
structural loading on new technology and innovation in SCM.
BH1 : ‘New technology and innovation in product and process design’ has a
positive structural loading on new technology and innovation in SCM.
CH1 : ‘New technology and innovation in production line processes’ has a positive
structural loading on new technology and innovation in SCM.
More importantly, this study aims to test the overall SEM model fit based on the main
null hypothesis:
0H : The overall hypothesized model has a good fit.
For structural modeling, accepting this hypothesis indicates that the model presented,
adequately reproduce the observed covariance matrix (Bollen, 1989; Joreskog, 1989;
Mueller, 1996) and suggests that the data fit the proposed SEM model. Therefore,
later in the test of goodness of fit for the structural equation modeling, the probability
that is expected should not be significant (probability value > 0.05) to support the
overall null hypothesis which suggests that the overall hypothesized model has a good
fit.
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The main intention of this study is to comprehend how new technology and
innovation in SCM processes influence performances of the companies. The units of
analysis chosen for this study are Malaysian manufacturing companies and each
company is being represented by either production or SCM manager. The sampling
frame was derived from the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturing Companies
Directory (FMM). Two hundred useable responses were analyzed using the SPSS
package from a targeted 300 hundred companies. The primary purpose of the research
was to measure production manager’s or SCM manager’s perception of new
technology and innovation initiatives and to gain insight into the benefits of adopting
new technology and innovation in the manufacturing industry. The goal is to
understand and determine critical variables of new technology and innovation in SCM
that would be able to better enhance marketing postponement flexibility and customer
related performance. Face to face interviews with these managers were conducted for
checking the information accuracy, validating the outcome of analysis and developing
an understanding of practical aspects of new technology and innovation in SCM.
The instrument used in this study was a structured survey questionnaire, which
was designed to assess the companies in term of the described dimensions. The
instrument developed consists of two major parts. The first part comprises several
constructs measuring new technology and innovation in SCM, and the second part
comprises several performance measurements. To enable respondents to indicate their
answers, seven–point interval scales were used for the questionnaire regarding the
level of SCM practices including the element of new technology and innovation in the
companies. The respondents were asked to indicate the current practice of the new
technology and innovation in SCM processes based on the scale of 1 (very low degree
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of current practice) to 7 (very high degree of current practice). A total of three
determinants of new technology and innovation variables, which have been widely
referred, were extracted. Due to confidentiality matters and standardization of
measurements, the performance measures namely marketing postponement flexibility
and customer related performance also used a seven-point interval scale, representing
a range of agreement on statements whether over the past three years these
performances are high relative to competitors after implementing new technology and
innovation in SCM processes. Before creating the final scales, the data were checked
for normality and outliers.
5. INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CONSTRUCTS’
MEASUREMENT: FACTOR ANALYSES, VALIDITY AND
RELIABILITY
As the initial data analysis, new technology and innovation and marketing
postponement flexibility as well as customer related performance (CRP) variables or
proxies were subjected to factor analyses, validity and reliability tests. These tests
were computed to select and assess the final items of the constructs that would be
utilized for statistical and hypotheses testing. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was
conducted to investigate whether the factors derived from the exploratory factor
analysis fit the constructs described theoretically in the literature review (Table 1).
The result from the exploratory factor analysis (Table 2) indicates that the KMO
(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) measure is 0.874 with significant chi-square value (Barlett’s
Test of Sphericity = 1675.063). The value of KMO in this analysis surpasses the
threshold value of 0.50 as recommended by Hair et. al (1998). All constructs exhibit
high factor loadings and fall into the designated factors. This result provides evidence
to support the theoretical conceptualization of the three constructs.
The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) or a measurement model using AMOS 5
was employed for examining construct validity of each scale by assessing how well
the individual item measured the scale (Ahire, Golhar and Walter 1996). Specifically,
the confirmatory factor analysis was used to detect the unidimensionality of each
construct. Unidimensionality is evidence that a single trait or construct underlie a set
of measures (Hair et al. 1988). The goodness of fit index (GFI) and comparative fit
index (CFI) of the three constructs computed from the confirmatory factor analysis
(CFA) exceeded the 0.90 criterion suggested by Hair et al. (1998), hence, establishing
the construct validity (see Table 2). CFA showed all the items were loaded highly on
their corresponding constructs, which supported the independence of the constructs
and provided strong empirical evidence of their validity.
Since data for this study was generated using multi-scaled responses, it was
deemed necessary to test for reliability (Frohlich & Westbrook, 2001). The reliability
analysis was conducted by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha for the main constructs.
Items that did not significantly contribute to the reliability were eliminated for
parsimony purpose. The result shows that the Cronbach’s alpha measures for the
three main constructs exceeds the threshold point of 0.70 suggested by Nunnally
(1978).
9. Enhancing Flexible Marketing Postponement Strategy and Customer Related Performance:
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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Factor Analysis
New technology and innovation
(TECH):
Mean
Std.
Dev.
Exploratory Factor Analysis –EFA
(Varimax Rotation)
Factor
Loadings1
(POSTPO
NE)
Factor
Loadings2(
CRP)
Factor
Loadings3
(TECH)
Technology and innovation in new
product development (T7NPDEV)
5.2400 1.35335 .305 .276 .855
Technology and innovation in
product and process design
(T7PPDSGN)
5.1950 1.41314 .275 .262 .884
Technology and innovation in
production line process (T7PPROC)
5.0700 1.38372 .274 .229 .861
Postponement
Flexibility:(POSTPONE)
Flexibility in developing different
versions of product (PVERSION)
5.2200 1.25278 .801 .101 .258
Flexibility in meeting customer
changing needs (PCNEEDS)
5.3900 1.17251 .830 .192 .270
Flexibility in modifying demand
function (PMDD)
5.2700 1.18496 .855 .156 .161
Flexibility in catering for current
trend of demand (PCTREND)
5.3000 1.11635 .828 .218 .241
Customer related performance
(CRP) :
Fill customers’ orders on time
(CORDER)
5.1900 1.13150 .173 .888 .219
Meet customers’ short order-to-
delivery cycle time (CCYCLE)
5.1600 1.14935 .188 .874 .257
Fast respond to customer needs
(CFASTRES)
5.3000 1.04665 .179 .894 .210
Alpha coefficients for new technology and innovation, postponement flexibility
and customer related performance ranged between 0.898 and 0.943 after the alpha
maximization process were carried out (Table 2). As a result, 10 items were retained
for the three constructs.
Table 2 Statistical Results
CONSTRUCT
Exploratory Factor Analysis –EFA
(Varimax Rotation)
Confirmatory
Factor Analysis
(CFA)
Reliabil
ity
Eigenvalue % of
Varianc
e
Explain
ed
Cummul
ative
Variance
Explaine
d
GFI CFI Cronba
ch
Alpha
Technology and
innovation
3.088 30.876 30.876 0.999 0.999 0.943
Postponement Flexibility 2.670 26.696 57.572 0.972 0.982 0.898
Customer related
performance
2.635 26.351 83.923 0.999 0.999 0.924
10. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
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Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization (KMO= 0. 874, Bartlett's
Test of Sphericity (chi-sq)= 1675.063**)
6. PRELIMINARY RESULTS
6.1 Pearson’s Correlations between Technology and Innovation,
Marketing Postponement Flexibility and Customer Related Performance
Table 3 exhibits Pearson’s correlations between new technology and innovation,
marketing postponement flexibility as well as customer related performance. A single
measurement was obtained for marketing postponement flexibility by averaging
determinants namely ‘Flexibility in developing different versions of product’,
‘Flexibility in meeting customer changing needs’, ‘Flexibility in modifying demand
function’ and ‘Flexibility in catering for current trend of demand’. The same method
applies whereby a customer related performance (CRP) indicator was derived by
compounding determinants specifically ‘Fill customers’ orders on time’, ‘Meet
customers’ short order-to-delivery cycle time’ and ‘Fast respond to customer needs’
into a single measurement. The result suggests that marketing postponement
flexibility indicator has high correlations with ‘Technology and innovation in new
product development’ (r = 0.566) followed by ‘Technology and innovation in product
and process design’ (r = 0.544) and lastly ‘Technology and innovation in production
line process’ (r = 0.532).
Table 3 Pearson’s Correlation between Technology and Innovation, Postponement Flexibility
and Customer Related Performance
Technology and Innovation in SCM (TECH)
Postpone
ment
Flexibility
Customer
Related
Performance
1
Technology and innovation in new product development
(T7NPDEV)
.566(**) .529(**)
2
Technology and innovation in product and process design
(T7PPDSGN)
.544(**) .518(**)
3
Technology and innovation in production line process
(T7PPROC)
.532(**) .484(**)
The findings suggest that to support the implementations of marketing postponement
concept and enhance marketing postponement flexibility, a manufacturing company
should invest its resources in incorporating new technology and innovation in
production line process, new product development as well as product and design
process to accentuate the abilities to respond faster to customer changing needs.
Customer related performance indicator has high correlations with all new technology
and innovation variables especially with ‘Technology and innovation in new product
development’ (r = 0.529). Hence, the result suggests that technology and innovation
in new product development, as well as in product and process design are very crucial
in an attempt to enhance customer related performance.
6.2 The Cluster Analysis and Friedman’s Rank Test
At this point, it is also pertinent to investigate what are the crucial new technology
and innovation processes that are most emphasized by high financial performance
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companies so as to provide a guideline to other upcoming manufacturing companies.
To achieve this purpose, it is necessary that this study explores on the segmentation or
classification of manufacturing companies by computing the cluster analysis. Three
cluster analyses were conducted to further explore on the segmentation of
manufacturing companies in this study. Since financial performance is a very
important bottom-line outcome, therefore the first company classification is based on
financial performance clustering. The result from cluster analysis statistically
segmented these manufacturing companies into two clusters based on financial
performance measurement namely “High Financial performance companies” and
“Low financial performance companies”. Table 4 highlights further information about
these clusters. From the result, we can also suggest that higher level of new
technology and innovation implementations are more prtinent in “High financial
performance companies”, in comparison to “Low financial performance companies”.
The finding highlights that “High financial performance companies” set high priority
on technological aspect of production such as ‘Technology and innovation in product
and process design’, ‘Technology and innovation in product development’ and
‘Technology and innovation in production line processes’. The rationale for these
three emphasis are obvious, since to respond faster to customers changing needs, to
gain a bigger market share and to penetrate new market, a manufacturing company
needs to produce high quality and new technological products in order to become the
market leader and reap better profits.
Table 4 Rankings of Technology and Innovation in SCM Based on Financial Performance
Using Friedman’s Test
New technology and
innovation in SCM
High financial performance
companies (n = 142, chi-square =
6.705, significant =0.035, overall
cluster’s mean = 5.451)
Low financial performance
companies (n=58, chi-square = 2.886,
significant =0.236, overall cluster’s
mean = 4.477)
Friedman’
s Test
Ran
k
Mea
n
Std
Dev
Friedman’
s Test
Rank Mean Std
Dev
Technology and innovation
in new product
development (T7NPDEV)
2.07 1 5.521 1.219 2.06 1 4.552 1.429
Technology and innovation
in product and process
design (T7PPDSGN)
2.04 2 5.479 1.264 2.05 2 4.500 1.525
Technology and innovation
in production line process
(T7PPROC)
1.89 3 5.352 1.262 1.89 3 4.379 1.437
The second cluster analysis categorizes these manufacturing companies into one of
two groups:
1. “Excellent” marketing postponement flexibility achievers.
2. “Low” marketing postponement flexibility achievers.
The result suggests that in order to emulate “excellent” marketing postponement
flexibility achievers, a manufacturing company should emphasize on “Technology
and innovation in new product development”, “Technology and innovation in product
and process design” and “Technology and innovation in production line process” (see
Table 5). The advancement of technology in manufacturing processes would support
12. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
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the postponement in marketing, producing the final product and enable companies to
enhance the process of product customization.
Table 5 Rankings of New technology and innovation Variables Based on Marketing
Postponement Flexibility Using Friedman’s Test
New technology and
innovation in SCM
Excellent marketing postponement
flexibility achievers (n =137, chi-
square = 9.547, significant=0.008,
overall cluster’s mean = 5.564)
Low marketing postponement
flexibility achievers (n=63, chi-
square = 1.689, significant=0.430,
overall cluster’s mean = 4.307)
Friedman’
s Test
Rank Mean Std
Dev
Friedman’
s Test
Rank Mea
n
Std
Dev
Technology and
innovation in new
product development
(T7NPDEV)
2.09 1 5.657 1.172 2.02 2 4.333 1.283
Technology and
innovation in product
and process design
(T7PPDSGN)
2.03 2 5.577 1.229 2.07 1 4.365 1.440
Technology and
innovation in
production line process
(T7PPROC)
1.88 3 5.460 1.213 1.91 3 4.222 1.3613
Table 6 Rankings of Technology and Innovation Variables Based on Customer Related
Performance Using Friedman’s Test
Technology and
innovation in SCM
High customer related performers
(n=134, chi-square = 5.485,
significant=0.064, overall cluster’s
mean = 5.520)
Low customer related performers
(n=66, chi-square = 24.263,
significant=0.119, overall cluster’s
mean = 4.454)
Friedma
n’s Test
Rank Mean Std
Dev
Friedma
n’s Test
Ran
k
Mean Std
Dev
Technology and
innovation in new
product development
(T7NPDEV)
2.07 1 5.597 1.251 2.07 1 4.515 1.268
Technology and
innovation in product
and process design
(T7PPDSGN)
2.03 2 5.545 1.336 2.07 2 4.485 1.304
Technology and
innovation in
production line process
(T7PPROC)
1.90 3 5.418 1.339 1.86 3 4.364 1.198
Since customer related performance is also a very importance bottom-line
outcome, therefore the last classification is based on customer related performance
clustering. This last cluster analysis segregates the manufacturing companies into one
of two groups:
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1. “High” customer related performers
2. “Low” customer related performers
Table 6 highlights further information about the cluster. From the result, we can also
infer that the higher level of new technology and innovation variables are more
pertinent among “High” customer related performers than “Low” customer related
performers. “High” customer related performers” set high priorities on “Technology
and innovation in new product development”, “Technology and innovation in product
and process design” and “Technology and innovation in production line processes”.
Overall, we can conclude that high performance companies set high priorities on
technology and innovation in new product development. Product and production
designs are continuously developed and modified to adapt to changing market
conditions and changing production technology and to allow for manufacturing
improvements.
7.0. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING
Given the confirmatory nature of this study, the statistical analysis technique called
structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized. A SEM model was employed to
investigate simultaneous linkages that allow a researcher to determine the relative
strength of relationships between variables. The linkages between new technology
and innovation (TECH), postponement flexibility (POSTPONE), and customer-
related performance (CRP), are depicted in the model shown in Figure 2. The SEM
model was evaluated to check if the specified items provided adequate fit. To support
the assumption regarding the fitness of the SEM model with the empirical data, the
acceptance of the null hypothesis of the overall model is expected. Hence, in this test
of goodness of fit for the structural equation modeling, the resulting probability
should be higher than 0.05 to support the overall null hypothesis of the model.
Table 7 Results of the Overall Model Fit
Statistics
Model
Values
Recommended
values for good
fit
Chi square 37.801 -
Probability Level 0.221 ≥ 0.05
Degree of Freedom 32 -
2
/df 1.181 ≤ 3.00
Bollen (1989) Incremental Fit Index
(IFI)
0.997 ≥ 0.90
Tucker & Lewis (1973) TLI 0.995 ≥ 0.90
Bentler (1988) comparative fit model
(CFI)
0.997 ≥ 0.90
Normed fit index (NFI) 0.978 ≥ 0.90
Goodness of fit index (GFI) 0.965 ≥ 0.90
*Chau (1997)
The findings of the SEM model indicate that the resulting Chi-square value is 37.801
with 32 degrees of freedom and p-value of 0.221 (Figure 2). The result supports the
null hypothesis that the SEM model has a good fit ( H0 ). The p-value is considerably
substantial (p-value > 0.05), in supporting the proposition that the overall model fits
the data. Furthermore, other statistical structural indices such as Bentler comparative
14. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
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fit model (CFI = 0.997), Bollen Incremental Fit Index (IFI = 0.997) and Tucker and
Lewis Index (TLI = 0.995) further suggest that the model has a satisfactory fit (Table
7). Since the probability value and structural modeling indices are well above the
recommended level, the model is considered to be a reasonable representation of the
data (Hair et al., 1998; Za’faran Hassan and Arawati Agus 2010, Za’faran Hassan,
Ramachandran, K. K., & Norlida Kamaluddin, 2013).
The direct structural effect of new technology and innovation on marketing
postponement flexibility (structural effect = 0.620) is considered high given the
complex causal linkages, suggesting the importance of ‘Technology and innovation in
new product development’ followed by ‘Technology and innovation in product and
process design’ and lastly ‘Technology and innovation in production line process’ in
supporting postponement flexibility in Malaysian manufacturing industry. Therefore,
we have enough evidence to accept the proposition that new technology and
innovation in SCM has a positive and significant structural effect on postponement
flexibility ( 1H is supported). Establishing the causal linkages between input and
bottom-line outcomes is difficult in most complex system. Surprisingly, the direct
structural effect of technology and innovation on customer related performance is
quite high and significant (structural effect = 0.451) ( 2H is supported). However, the
direct structural effect of postponement flexibility on customer related performance
(structural effect = 0.200) is relatively low but still significant and able to support the
third hypothesis ( 3H direct effect is supported). These findings suggest that new
technology and innovation is able to enhance postponement flexibility and customer
related performance directly.
Figure 2 The Structural Linkage between New technology and innovation, Postponement
Flexibility and Customer Related Performance
Looking at the structural loadings of each new technology and innovation
determinants (Table 8) on the main construct, we can see that new technology and
innovation in product and process design (structural loading = 0.958) has the highest
contribution towards new technology and innovation implementation. This is
followed by new technology and innovation in new product development (structural
loading = 0.933) and lastly new technology and innovation in production line process
TECH
Fi l e:SCM-200-T ECH-BEST
Standardized estimates
Chi-square=37.801
Degree of Freedom=32
Probability=.221
T7NPDEVd1
POSTPONE
zeta1
T7PPDSGNd2
T7PPROCd3
PVERSION e1
PCNEEDS e2
PMDD e3
CRP
CORDER
CCYCLE
CFASTRES
zeta2
e5
e6
e7
PCTREND e4
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(structural loading = 0.874). All of these indicators have significant probability values
(critical values 2.00), giving statistical evidence that the contributions of these
variables towards overall new technology and innovation construct are significant and
positive ( AH1 , BH1 and CH1 are supported). The examination of residuals also reveals
that variances among variables are perfectly explained by the respective constructs.
Table 8 Structural and Measurement Results of the SEM Model
(i)Constructs and indicators Std.
Loadings
Std.
Error
s
Critical
Ratio
Probabili
ty
a. New technology and innovation :
Technology and innovation in new product
development (T7NPDEV)
.933 .052 20.036 0.000
Technology and innovation in product and
process design (T7PPDSGN)
.958 .053 21.046 0.000
Technology and innovation in production line
process (T7PPROC)
.874 .042 21.045 0.000
b. Postponement Flexibility:
Flexibility in developing different versions of
product (PVERSION)
.780 .073 13.133 0.000
Flexibility in meeting customer changing
needs (PCNEEDS)
.864 .072 14.348 0.000
Flexibility in modifying demand function
(PMDD)
.826 .080 12.456 0.000
Flexibility in catering for current trend of
demand(PCTREND)
.856 .062 15.156 0.000
c. Customer related performance:
Fill customers’ orders on time(CORDER) .891 .053 18.225 0.000
Meet customers’ short order-to-delivery cycle
time(CCYCLE)
.900 .059 18.528 0.000
Fast respond to customer needs(CFASTRES) .899 .049 18.528 0.000
(ii) Exogenous/endogenous Path
a. TECH POSTPONE [ 1H is supported] .620 .059 8.777 0.000
b. POSTPONE CRP [ 2H is supported] .196 .088 2.277 0.023
c. TECH CRP [ 3H is supported] .451 .074 5.237 0.000
Thus, a manufacturing company can improve its marketing postponement
flexibility and customer related performance by integrating and adopting new
technology and innovation in SCM processes. The result highlights the unique
contribution of new technology and innovation on postponement flexibility and
customer related performance and supports the notion that the structural model has a
satisfactory fit. We can obviously suggest that new technology and innovation can
help manufacturing companies enhance postponement flexibility and ultimately
improve customer related performance of manufacturing industry in Malaysia.
8. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
To meet the increasing demands of high-quality and technological goods from
sophisticated local and overseas markets, manufacturing companies must
continuously improve their efforts in technological and quality operations. New
16. Za’faran Hassan and K.K Ramachandran
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technology and innovation in SCM provides a vision that focuses everyone in an
organization on product, production and quality improvements. The pursuit of these
improvements is not only requested by the market but also driven by the need to
survive. The importance of critical variables of technology and innovation is
highlighted by utilizing SEM.
The associations and effects of the three technological and innovation variables
are also evaluated using Pearson’s correlations and cluster analyses, in addition to
structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the study assist in the
understandings of how technology and innovation determinants influence marketing
postponement flexibility and customer related performance. The findings and
evidences derived from the statistical analysis lead to several main conclusions
suggested as follows:
1. Technology and innovation in SCM has significant correlations with marketing
postponement flexibility.
2. ‘Technology and innovation in new product development process’, ‘Technology and
innovation in product and process design’ as well as ‘Technology and innovation in
production line process’ have positive and direct effects on postponement
flexibility.
3. Postponement flexibility (especially Flexibility in developing different versions of
product, Flexibility in meeting customer changing needs, Flexibility in modifying
demand function and Flexibility in catering for current trend of demand) have
positive and direct effects on customer related performance (specifically Fill
customers’ orders on time, Meet customers’ short order-to-delivery cycle time and
Fast respond to customer needs).
4. ‘High financial performance companies’ possess higher levels of ‘Technology and
innovation in new product development process’, ‘Technology and innovation in
product and process design’ as well as ‘Technology and innovation in production line
process’ than ‘low financial performance companies’.
In short, the findings of this study suggest that new technology and innovation
would be able to support and accommodate the postponement process as well as
increase the level of production and marketing flexibility. It would make the task of
keeping the product in semi-finished forms less complex and able to accelerate the
process of transforming the products into the final outputs according to customers’
specifications. New technology and innovation would no doubt increase the
marketing postponement flexibility in catering the changing customers’ needs. This
subsequently would lead to better product customization and ultimately increase the
abilities to fill customers’ orders on time, meet customers’ short order-to-delivery
cycle time and respond faster to customer needs. Achievement of these benefits
requires changes in the way companies design and develop products and production
line processes using new technological tools. Though expensive at the initial stage of
adoption, the outcomes can be substantial. Using the latest design technology, the
manufacturing companies may save huge amounts of time and money in bringing new
products to market faster. Many companies today are on the forefront of installing
technological system and processes such as assembly lines using robots and
automated, computer-driven machines (Gaither & Frazier, 2002).
The conclusion emerging from this study is that new technology and innovation in
supply chain management processes would ultimately result in positive gains. The
results validate some of the key linkages and support beliefs and evidences by
researchers regarding the relationships between new technology and innovation in
SCM, marketing postponement flexibility and customer related performance. It is also
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important to note that this study attempts to enrich the literature review and make a
contribution in supply chain management-related studies. This study to some extent
helps in resolving controversy about the magnitude and measurements of performance
gains from adopting new technology and innovation in SCM. By strengthening new
technology and innovation processes, improved performance will likely to occur. This
result provides evidence that improving internal practices will positively impact the
most important bottom-line performance measures.
The study will be of particular interest to practicing production managers or top
level managers as it suggests what new technology and innovations factors that should
be emphasized or prioritized to stimulate performances. The result indicates that
manufacturing companies should emphasize greater attention to the new product
development aspects of the new technology and innovation in SCM processes and a
greater degree of management support for new technology and innovation
enhancement initiatives.
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