We employ Cameroonian data on 162 Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to test fourth competing hypotheses about the impact of Supply Chain Management (SCM) on their performance. The first hypothesis states that there is a relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for implementation of SCM and SME performance in terms of customer service and satisfaction
Factors Affecting Purchasing Effectiveness in the Public Sugar Sector:A Case ...paperpublications3
Abstract:In the recent past, procurement performance has been attracting great attention from practitioners, academicians and researchers due to poor performance resulting from non adherence to proper processes and procedures. Many of the studies have devoted their content to financial factors as measures of effectiveness dismally giving consideration to non financial factors. This study aimed at investigating selected non financial factors that influence the effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector guided by four specific objectives; to find out how purchasing interaction with other departments impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing delegated authority impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing activity Execution impacts on its effectiveness and to find out how supplier relationship management practices impacts on purchasing function effectiveness. The four variables were found to have an effect on effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector. The study adopted a descriptive case research design and the study population comprised of 118 management staff Nzoia Sugar Company Ltd. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 57 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze numerical data gathered using closed ended questions aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the findings, level of task execution explained 43.1% of purchasing department’s effectiveness, level of supplier relationship explained 20.9% and interaction level explained 2.2% while the level of purchasing delegated authority had a negative relationship with its effectiveness at -4.1% which means that the more autonomous purchasing department becomes the less effective it will be. The study recommends application of supplier collaboration strategies, integration of supply chain management tasks with IT to help speed up decision making process between the SCM partners, signing service level agreements (SLA),purchasing function to increase effectiveness by training and being members of professional bodies such as CIPS and KISM.
Keywords:Assessment, delegated authority, effectiveness, efficiency, inventory, non financial measures, purchasing interaction.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLIER EFFICIENCY ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN KENYA SEED COMPA...paperpublications3
Abstract: Recruitment and keeping qualified suppliers is very important in procurement performance in any organization. However, many factors affect a firm's ability to determine and select the most efficient supplier. This study was undertaken with the main objective to assess the supplier selection and evaluation practices in the Kenya Seed Company. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to establish the criteria used for supplier evaluation in the Company; to find out the challenges of implementing Supplier Evaluation in the Company and to determine the relationship between Supplier Evaluation Criteria and procurement Performance in the Company. It employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 250 employees in the Company. A sample of 154 was selected to give response to the study. The response rate was 100%. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Findings revealed that the Company base their selection on following criteria; quality of the supplier services , financial position of the supplier, flexibility of the supplier, supplier efficiency in service delivery, supplier charges, constitution and the PPOA guidelines, supplier technical capability, supplier profile, experience of the supplier in offering certain services/products as well as compliance with procurement procedures. However, supplier evaluation in these organizations is faced by several challenges including corruption, incompetent procurement officers, inefficiencies in procurement processes, lack of incentives, pressure of implementing PPOA and PPDA guidelines, cost of implementing procurement systems as well as maintaining procurement system greatly affects supplier selection process. The study recommended that the management of the Company need to effectively design the most effective evaluation criteria that would facilitate its procurement performance that ensured only most competent suppliers are selected and competent personnel are in place to manage supply chain processes in the organizations.
Of our days, with the opening of borders, the companies compete very aggressive for the flow of their products in a market, where only the companies well organized can afford a good share of the market. The survival of such and such company necessarily passes through the improvement of performance and competitiveness of organizations in general, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) in particular. It is in this perspective that the establishment of the platform of the supply chain management can provide considerable benefits to SMES on their competitors
Impact of ISO9001 Certification on the Beverage Company's Performance: A case...AkashSharma618775
This study tries to shade light on the effect of ISO9001 on Performance of Brewery companies in
Ethiopia. It empirically analyzes the impact of ISO9001 on the performance of brewery company's proxied by
profit of companies during the sample period of 2002-2015.The sample consists three brewery companies namely:
BGI-Ethiopia, Metha-Abo and Dashen brewery companies. The methodology is based on the Fixed effect model
estimator proposed for dynamic panel data, which is strong in the presence of endogenous covariates, allowing for
individual companies fixed effects, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Based on findings, out of the four
independent variables average revenue and dummy of ISO9001 are positive and significant effect on companies
profit i.e an increase (decrease) in average revenue of companies results in a 5.517 percent increase (decrease) in
the company's profit. The result indicates that ISO9001 certification does have a strong significant positive impact
on brewery companies performance. As the result revealed a company's profit increases by 1.052% due to
ISO9001 certification. The other two explanatory variables average cost and natural logarithm of total sale become
statistically insignificant. In sum, the result of the study indicates that Having ISO9001 certification improves the
profitability of the brewery companies. This finding seems to agree with the study done by T. Dejene (2011) on five
brewery companies in Ethiopia and other scholars like D.S. Sharma(2005),M. Pinar(2001) and J. Singles et
al.(2000)
Factors Influencing Supply Chain Performance in the Public Sugar Sector - A C...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper sought to evaluate the effect of technology adoption, early supplier involvement, low-cost sourcing and backward integration on supply chain performance in the public sugar sector, guided by four objectives: To assess effectiveness of technology adoption on supply chain performance, to assess the role of early supplier involvement on supply chain performance, to evaluate effectiveness of low-cost sourcing on supply chain performance and to evaluate effectiveness of backward integration on supply chain performance. Purposive sampling was used to select a target population of 60 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis aided by SPSS software. From the findings, technology adoption and early supplier involvement were found to be positively correlated to supply chain performance. Thus the above factors should be considered as major determinants in influencing supply chain performance in the public sugar sector.
Keywords: Agile Supply, Backward integration, Collaborative Relationship, Corporate Strategy, Outsourcing, Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
Factors Affecting Purchasing Effectiveness in the Public Sugar Sector:A Case ...paperpublications3
Abstract:In the recent past, procurement performance has been attracting great attention from practitioners, academicians and researchers due to poor performance resulting from non adherence to proper processes and procedures. Many of the studies have devoted their content to financial factors as measures of effectiveness dismally giving consideration to non financial factors. This study aimed at investigating selected non financial factors that influence the effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector guided by four specific objectives; to find out how purchasing interaction with other departments impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing delegated authority impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing activity Execution impacts on its effectiveness and to find out how supplier relationship management practices impacts on purchasing function effectiveness. The four variables were found to have an effect on effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector. The study adopted a descriptive case research design and the study population comprised of 118 management staff Nzoia Sugar Company Ltd. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 57 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze numerical data gathered using closed ended questions aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the findings, level of task execution explained 43.1% of purchasing department’s effectiveness, level of supplier relationship explained 20.9% and interaction level explained 2.2% while the level of purchasing delegated authority had a negative relationship with its effectiveness at -4.1% which means that the more autonomous purchasing department becomes the less effective it will be. The study recommends application of supplier collaboration strategies, integration of supply chain management tasks with IT to help speed up decision making process between the SCM partners, signing service level agreements (SLA),purchasing function to increase effectiveness by training and being members of professional bodies such as CIPS and KISM.
Keywords:Assessment, delegated authority, effectiveness, efficiency, inventory, non financial measures, purchasing interaction.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLIER EFFICIENCY ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN KENYA SEED COMPA...paperpublications3
Abstract: Recruitment and keeping qualified suppliers is very important in procurement performance in any organization. However, many factors affect a firm's ability to determine and select the most efficient supplier. This study was undertaken with the main objective to assess the supplier selection and evaluation practices in the Kenya Seed Company. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to establish the criteria used for supplier evaluation in the Company; to find out the challenges of implementing Supplier Evaluation in the Company and to determine the relationship between Supplier Evaluation Criteria and procurement Performance in the Company. It employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 250 employees in the Company. A sample of 154 was selected to give response to the study. The response rate was 100%. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Findings revealed that the Company base their selection on following criteria; quality of the supplier services , financial position of the supplier, flexibility of the supplier, supplier efficiency in service delivery, supplier charges, constitution and the PPOA guidelines, supplier technical capability, supplier profile, experience of the supplier in offering certain services/products as well as compliance with procurement procedures. However, supplier evaluation in these organizations is faced by several challenges including corruption, incompetent procurement officers, inefficiencies in procurement processes, lack of incentives, pressure of implementing PPOA and PPDA guidelines, cost of implementing procurement systems as well as maintaining procurement system greatly affects supplier selection process. The study recommended that the management of the Company need to effectively design the most effective evaluation criteria that would facilitate its procurement performance that ensured only most competent suppliers are selected and competent personnel are in place to manage supply chain processes in the organizations.
Of our days, with the opening of borders, the companies compete very aggressive for the flow of their products in a market, where only the companies well organized can afford a good share of the market. The survival of such and such company necessarily passes through the improvement of performance and competitiveness of organizations in general, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) in particular. It is in this perspective that the establishment of the platform of the supply chain management can provide considerable benefits to SMES on their competitors
Impact of ISO9001 Certification on the Beverage Company's Performance: A case...AkashSharma618775
This study tries to shade light on the effect of ISO9001 on Performance of Brewery companies in
Ethiopia. It empirically analyzes the impact of ISO9001 on the performance of brewery company's proxied by
profit of companies during the sample period of 2002-2015.The sample consists three brewery companies namely:
BGI-Ethiopia, Metha-Abo and Dashen brewery companies. The methodology is based on the Fixed effect model
estimator proposed for dynamic panel data, which is strong in the presence of endogenous covariates, allowing for
individual companies fixed effects, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Based on findings, out of the four
independent variables average revenue and dummy of ISO9001 are positive and significant effect on companies
profit i.e an increase (decrease) in average revenue of companies results in a 5.517 percent increase (decrease) in
the company's profit. The result indicates that ISO9001 certification does have a strong significant positive impact
on brewery companies performance. As the result revealed a company's profit increases by 1.052% due to
ISO9001 certification. The other two explanatory variables average cost and natural logarithm of total sale become
statistically insignificant. In sum, the result of the study indicates that Having ISO9001 certification improves the
profitability of the brewery companies. This finding seems to agree with the study done by T. Dejene (2011) on five
brewery companies in Ethiopia and other scholars like D.S. Sharma(2005),M. Pinar(2001) and J. Singles et
al.(2000)
Factors Influencing Supply Chain Performance in the Public Sugar Sector - A C...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper sought to evaluate the effect of technology adoption, early supplier involvement, low-cost sourcing and backward integration on supply chain performance in the public sugar sector, guided by four objectives: To assess effectiveness of technology adoption on supply chain performance, to assess the role of early supplier involvement on supply chain performance, to evaluate effectiveness of low-cost sourcing on supply chain performance and to evaluate effectiveness of backward integration on supply chain performance. Purposive sampling was used to select a target population of 60 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis aided by SPSS software. From the findings, technology adoption and early supplier involvement were found to be positively correlated to supply chain performance. Thus the above factors should be considered as major determinants in influencing supply chain performance in the public sugar sector.
Keywords: Agile Supply, Backward integration, Collaborative Relationship, Corporate Strategy, Outsourcing, Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 5, Manuscript 6
The study will investigate the effects of ethical buying behaviour on retail organizations
performance with a bias on supermarkets in Kakamega town. Increased competition has
pressured retail organizations to initiate innovative ways of maintaining competitive
advantage. Leading retail organizations are today focusing on effectively managing their
procurement function in a professional way as a component of supply chain management in
order to lower cost operation costs and improve on their bottom line. However, some retail
organizations have not fully embraced ethical buying behaviour. As a result such
organizations have continued to post dismal financial results, stagnation in their growth and
erosion in bottom line profitability. The study was carried out with the objectives to
determine the effect of ethical buying behaviour procurement automation on supermarkets
performance. The study may help managers adopt ethical buying behaviour that will enhance
performance and formulate appropriate policies. It will contribute to the academics point out
areas for further research by other researchers. It used a descriptive to explain the relationship
between ethical buying behaviour on the four mainstream retail supermarkets in Kakamega
town, Kenya. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and also from the review of
existing literature. The gathered data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The findings were presented using standard methods such as frequency distribution tables.
Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software will be used to compute,
analyse and present the findings. Ethical buyer behaviour affects supermarket performance.
Strategic Supplier Selection: The Trend of E-ManufacturingOnur Tamur
This paper gives an insight of different theories that can be applied in order to achieve a rational supplier evaluation and selection. Such theories, in combination with an extensive analysis of the possible alternatives that a company may have, can lead to high revenues and significant advantage over competitors. In this case, the reader can acquire a basic understanding of the different criteria, methods and models, which are used by the businesses during the supplier evaluation and selection process.
Moreover, the paper identifies critical changes in the sector of e-manufacturing, regarding the decision-making of the top management while selecting the appropriate supplier. Emphasis is given to the technological changes that create new opportunities and consequently new criteria for the vendors‟ evaluation by comparing the existing criteria that have been used in traditional manufacturing and the affect of the e-manufacturing trend on the existing criteria.
Embracing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to Improve Organisational Vi...IOSRJBM
The study aimed at finding ways of improving organisational viability by small businesses in Chinhoyi through applying Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This study was prompted by lack of growth of the sector. These firms have been facing a business environment characterised by low Gross Domestic Product (GDP), foreign currency challenges, high unemployment, brain drain, liquidity crisis, high competition and low demand for domestic products. The descriptive design was used. Thirty registered small businesses, with approximately 100 subordinates and 25 managers/supervisors formed the target population for the study. The sample size was 40 and comprised of 30 subordinates and 10 managers/supervisors. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents for the study. The research instruments used were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The study found out that many small businesses do not have a comprehensive CRM programme. The study concluded that lack of a comprehensive customer relationship management programmes by small businesses has been hampering performance of the sector. The study recommends the implementation of CRM programmes by small businesses in Zimbabwe through information centres and embracing information technology. Feedback processes are also necessary for CRM. There is need to carry out a national survey on CRM for small businesses for generalisation of findings across the entire Zimbabwean economy.
Activity Based Profitability ManagementMiguel Garcia
Activity Based Profitability Management (ABPM) and Activity Based Budgeting (ABB) offers organizations a complete tool to gain a competitive advantage and provides crucial information to support the process of making strategic and operational decisions in the current business environment. It might seem that having this type of information for the management of profits, costs and budgets is not necessary to implement Digital Transformation solutions because the implementation of new technologies does not require an evaluation of this type, and it is assumed that it must be implemented independently of what it implies and at any cost, but this is an error because it will always require business processes, products or services, customers or users, service channels, etc. that must be evaluated from the financial and business process point of view, implemented, measured and improved within a competitive and market environment. In this sense, the profitablitiy, cost and budget information provided by the approach of ABPM and ABB will lead to better business decisions that significantly increase the performance and profits of the companies.
This study pursued to investigate the effects of supply chain management practices on organizational
performance in the food complex industries in Asella town. A cross-sectional survey research design was
employed in this study. The population of interest comprised of all suppliers, employees, customers, retailers
were involved and multistage sampling was employed and 158 sample
How to Add Agility and Customer Focus to the Healthcare Supply ChainUPS Longitudes
The global pharmaceutical and healthcare industry has
experienced a number of severe shocks to the system in
recent decades. What was once a sector where profits flowed
from ‘blockbuster’ drugs and a customer base willing to
pay premium prices has transformed into a quite different
world as a consequence of competition from generics along
with reduced budgets available to healthcare providers.
Compounding these problems are increasing regulatory
constraints and more challenging logistics requirements as
bio-pharmaceuticals and related products increase the need
for stricter control of temperature and shelf-life as they move
through the supply chain.
As a result there is now a significantly greater focus across
the sector on supply chain management. Previously, when
margins were higher and logistics costs were a relatively
small proportion of total costs, supply chain issues tended
to take a back seat. Now things have changed. Recent
research by UPS® has highlighted that many companies are
finding it difficult to develop supply chain capabilities that
can simultaneously take out costs whilst ensuring regulatory
compliance, track and trace, product security and stricter
temperature and shelf-life control.
Because of these pressures, a new approach to the design
and management of supply/demand networks in the industry
becomes imperative. In today’s marketplace, there is a need
for supply chains that are cost-effective, efficient and agile.
Companies operating in every industrial sector and in
every market around the world have been confronted in
recent years with significant challenges. These challenges
have come from numerous sources – economic recession,
demographic changes, geo-political upheavals to name but
a few. The healthcare and pharmaceutical industry has been
no exception and has been impacted by major changes in the
competitive and market environment.
Assessment of the effect of Cost Leadership Strategy on the performance of L...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Exploring the Marketing Competencies of Women Entrepreneurs in Micro-Small En...AkashSharma618775
This study deals with the marketing competencies and capabilities of women entrepreneurs who own and
manage micro-small- and medium (MSMEs)ventures in traditional and non-traditional lines of activities within
the urban settings in Khartoum State, Sudan. Entrepreneurial and marketing competencies are part of the
dynamic components that contribute to venture survival and success especially for women-owned/ managed MSEs.
This study addresses the perceived knowledge gap in the literature regarding the marketing competencies of
women entrepreneurs, using the marketing mix approach and the resource-based theory. It is a qualitative study
which follows an interpretive approach and applies grounded theory techniques. The study is framed within the
Marketing Mix approach and the resource-based theory highlighted within a gendered perspective. It examines
how women entrepreneurs perceive and apply the marketing function within their MSEs to maintain success
within highly competitive, turbulent and unpredictable markets. In such conditions it is essential to understand
what marketing competencies do these women entrepreneurs are endowed with and utilize while practicing the
marketing function in their entrepreneurial ventures and thrive for high performance and success.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The objectives of this study were to identify the level of market orientation of micro and small businesses and to identify whether there are differences in level of market orientation in terms of firm level characteristics. Accordingly, a sample of 49 micro and small businesses based on agriculture and trading sectors in Badulla district were studied. According to descriptive statistics, none of the firms is adopting a high level market orientation whereas all most all the firms are belonging to either medium or low level of adaptation of market orientation. The test results of independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA proves that data support for a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in the level of market orientation in terms of gender educational level of the owner manager and the business experience of the owner managers in the studied sample.
Factors affecting the use of Public Procurement and Disposal Act of 2005 in P...paperpublications3
Abstract: Kenya is undertaking public procurement reforms, by enacting the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) of 2005 which became operational in 2007. This research considered the factors which affect the implementation of PPDA in public secondary schools by considering four factors; procurement skills, enforcement, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with procurement regulations. The researcher adopted purposive sampling and questionnaires were administered to the respondents, who included the members of the tender and procurement committees. Data collected was analyzed by use of SPSS and presented in percentages, frequency tables, and inferential statistics. The study showed that there is a significant relationships between; procurement skills, enforcement of PPDA, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with the regulations and the implementation of the PPDA. 80% of the respondents agree that lack of familiarity with the procurement regulations, inhibited the implementation of the PPDA. 85% of schools in Trans- Nzoia County have not engaged procurement professionals. 53% of the respondents agree that lack of training has hindered the implementation of PPDA. 80% agree that lack of enforcement has somehow hindered its implementation. It is recommended that the procurement officers in public secondary schools to read, understand and implement the Public Procurement and Disposal Act 2005 and that the school management should train their procurement officers to gain procurement skills, which will enhance the effective implementation of the PPDA.
Keywords: Compliance, Enforcement, Organization culture, Professionalism, Public procurement, School management, Value for money.
Scoring marketing obstacles and recommended solutions: the case of the date m...Premier Publishers
This study is an attempt to identify problematic issues facing date marketing systems in Saudi Arabia and to introduce corrective solutions to overcome them. Eventually, this would increase date marketing efficiency, performance, and the competitiveness level of Saudi dates, both locally and globally. The study applied a typical five-level Likert scale and factor analysis in order to analyze the primary data collected from date dealers at the major Saudi Arabian date markets. Results highlighted that the impact of technical problematic issues were the highest, with an average of 3.67 followed by structural problematic issues with an average of 3.36, and finally followed by behavioral problematic issues with an average of 3.12. Technical, structural, and behavioral problematic issues have been categorized into a set of factors explaining 79.18%, 74.84%, and 77.7% of the variations, respectively. The impact of applying the recommended solutions on a Saudi Arabian date marketing system were found to be high, ranging from a minimum of 3.35 for encouraging competition to a maximum of 3.98 for providing affordable cold storages. Dates marketing channel types, geographical factors, and the date marketing dealers’ educational level have shown significant effects on the prevailing problematic issues of the Saudi Arabian date marketing system.
JOSCM | Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management - Volume 8 number 2 - July/December 2015
This issue of Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management counts with eight papers that focus on strategic, tactical and operational aspects of supply chain management.
The paper from Nyaoga, Magutu and Aduda (2015) explores the link between supply chain strategies and firm performance. Based on data from 627 companies, the authors show that supply chain strategies account for a significant share of firms´ performance; reinforcing that companies should investments in supply chain practices. Radanliev (2015), in its turn, develops a framework based on the supply chain architecture, design, and engineering literature that offers guidelines on how practitioners can decompose and build a green-field (new and non-existent) supply chain. We also have three papers on specific supply chain strategies. Pereira and Silva (2015) and Bradaschia and Pereira (2015), for instance, explore the concept of supply chain resilience and its antecedents. With the use of case studies, the former shows how the management of buyer and supplier interfaces, of risk, and of knowledge can enhance resilience in a supply chain while the latter adds that flexibility is also a vital enabler of supply chain resilience. Ferreira, Bertan and Pimenta (2015) then show the importance of inter-organizational integration to achieve the outcomes expected by companies.
This volume also counts with papers focused on logistic services, transportation, and inventory management - key decision areas in supply chain management. Liane Okdinawati, Simatupang and Sunitiyoso (2015) review the literature on collaborative transportation management and suggest areas for future research in the field and Yang (2015) provides an overview of the third-party logistics providers in the United States for investigating how the industry has evolved to meets customers' needs in an environment marked by global supply chains. Finally, this issue has a technical note on a stochastic two-echelon model to solve the petrol station replenishment problem. This model offers insights on how firms can devise a replenishment policy to minimize inventory costs, in the long run, given the demand pattern.
For more information on this issue, visit the FGV Library System: http://bit.ly/2livlzW
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 5, Manuscript 6
The study will investigate the effects of ethical buying behaviour on retail organizations
performance with a bias on supermarkets in Kakamega town. Increased competition has
pressured retail organizations to initiate innovative ways of maintaining competitive
advantage. Leading retail organizations are today focusing on effectively managing their
procurement function in a professional way as a component of supply chain management in
order to lower cost operation costs and improve on their bottom line. However, some retail
organizations have not fully embraced ethical buying behaviour. As a result such
organizations have continued to post dismal financial results, stagnation in their growth and
erosion in bottom line profitability. The study was carried out with the objectives to
determine the effect of ethical buying behaviour procurement automation on supermarkets
performance. The study may help managers adopt ethical buying behaviour that will enhance
performance and formulate appropriate policies. It will contribute to the academics point out
areas for further research by other researchers. It used a descriptive to explain the relationship
between ethical buying behaviour on the four mainstream retail supermarkets in Kakamega
town, Kenya. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and also from the review of
existing literature. The gathered data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The findings were presented using standard methods such as frequency distribution tables.
Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software will be used to compute,
analyse and present the findings. Ethical buyer behaviour affects supermarket performance.
Strategic Supplier Selection: The Trend of E-ManufacturingOnur Tamur
This paper gives an insight of different theories that can be applied in order to achieve a rational supplier evaluation and selection. Such theories, in combination with an extensive analysis of the possible alternatives that a company may have, can lead to high revenues and significant advantage over competitors. In this case, the reader can acquire a basic understanding of the different criteria, methods and models, which are used by the businesses during the supplier evaluation and selection process.
Moreover, the paper identifies critical changes in the sector of e-manufacturing, regarding the decision-making of the top management while selecting the appropriate supplier. Emphasis is given to the technological changes that create new opportunities and consequently new criteria for the vendors‟ evaluation by comparing the existing criteria that have been used in traditional manufacturing and the affect of the e-manufacturing trend on the existing criteria.
Embracing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to Improve Organisational Vi...IOSRJBM
The study aimed at finding ways of improving organisational viability by small businesses in Chinhoyi through applying Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This study was prompted by lack of growth of the sector. These firms have been facing a business environment characterised by low Gross Domestic Product (GDP), foreign currency challenges, high unemployment, brain drain, liquidity crisis, high competition and low demand for domestic products. The descriptive design was used. Thirty registered small businesses, with approximately 100 subordinates and 25 managers/supervisors formed the target population for the study. The sample size was 40 and comprised of 30 subordinates and 10 managers/supervisors. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents for the study. The research instruments used were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The study found out that many small businesses do not have a comprehensive CRM programme. The study concluded that lack of a comprehensive customer relationship management programmes by small businesses has been hampering performance of the sector. The study recommends the implementation of CRM programmes by small businesses in Zimbabwe through information centres and embracing information technology. Feedback processes are also necessary for CRM. There is need to carry out a national survey on CRM for small businesses for generalisation of findings across the entire Zimbabwean economy.
Activity Based Profitability ManagementMiguel Garcia
Activity Based Profitability Management (ABPM) and Activity Based Budgeting (ABB) offers organizations a complete tool to gain a competitive advantage and provides crucial information to support the process of making strategic and operational decisions in the current business environment. It might seem that having this type of information for the management of profits, costs and budgets is not necessary to implement Digital Transformation solutions because the implementation of new technologies does not require an evaluation of this type, and it is assumed that it must be implemented independently of what it implies and at any cost, but this is an error because it will always require business processes, products or services, customers or users, service channels, etc. that must be evaluated from the financial and business process point of view, implemented, measured and improved within a competitive and market environment. In this sense, the profitablitiy, cost and budget information provided by the approach of ABPM and ABB will lead to better business decisions that significantly increase the performance and profits of the companies.
This study pursued to investigate the effects of supply chain management practices on organizational
performance in the food complex industries in Asella town. A cross-sectional survey research design was
employed in this study. The population of interest comprised of all suppliers, employees, customers, retailers
were involved and multistage sampling was employed and 158 sample
How to Add Agility and Customer Focus to the Healthcare Supply ChainUPS Longitudes
The global pharmaceutical and healthcare industry has
experienced a number of severe shocks to the system in
recent decades. What was once a sector where profits flowed
from ‘blockbuster’ drugs and a customer base willing to
pay premium prices has transformed into a quite different
world as a consequence of competition from generics along
with reduced budgets available to healthcare providers.
Compounding these problems are increasing regulatory
constraints and more challenging logistics requirements as
bio-pharmaceuticals and related products increase the need
for stricter control of temperature and shelf-life as they move
through the supply chain.
As a result there is now a significantly greater focus across
the sector on supply chain management. Previously, when
margins were higher and logistics costs were a relatively
small proportion of total costs, supply chain issues tended
to take a back seat. Now things have changed. Recent
research by UPS® has highlighted that many companies are
finding it difficult to develop supply chain capabilities that
can simultaneously take out costs whilst ensuring regulatory
compliance, track and trace, product security and stricter
temperature and shelf-life control.
Because of these pressures, a new approach to the design
and management of supply/demand networks in the industry
becomes imperative. In today’s marketplace, there is a need
for supply chains that are cost-effective, efficient and agile.
Companies operating in every industrial sector and in
every market around the world have been confronted in
recent years with significant challenges. These challenges
have come from numerous sources – economic recession,
demographic changes, geo-political upheavals to name but
a few. The healthcare and pharmaceutical industry has been
no exception and has been impacted by major changes in the
competitive and market environment.
Assessment of the effect of Cost Leadership Strategy on the performance of L...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Exploring the Marketing Competencies of Women Entrepreneurs in Micro-Small En...AkashSharma618775
This study deals with the marketing competencies and capabilities of women entrepreneurs who own and
manage micro-small- and medium (MSMEs)ventures in traditional and non-traditional lines of activities within
the urban settings in Khartoum State, Sudan. Entrepreneurial and marketing competencies are part of the
dynamic components that contribute to venture survival and success especially for women-owned/ managed MSEs.
This study addresses the perceived knowledge gap in the literature regarding the marketing competencies of
women entrepreneurs, using the marketing mix approach and the resource-based theory. It is a qualitative study
which follows an interpretive approach and applies grounded theory techniques. The study is framed within the
Marketing Mix approach and the resource-based theory highlighted within a gendered perspective. It examines
how women entrepreneurs perceive and apply the marketing function within their MSEs to maintain success
within highly competitive, turbulent and unpredictable markets. In such conditions it is essential to understand
what marketing competencies do these women entrepreneurs are endowed with and utilize while practicing the
marketing function in their entrepreneurial ventures and thrive for high performance and success.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The objectives of this study were to identify the level of market orientation of micro and small businesses and to identify whether there are differences in level of market orientation in terms of firm level characteristics. Accordingly, a sample of 49 micro and small businesses based on agriculture and trading sectors in Badulla district were studied. According to descriptive statistics, none of the firms is adopting a high level market orientation whereas all most all the firms are belonging to either medium or low level of adaptation of market orientation. The test results of independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA proves that data support for a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in the level of market orientation in terms of gender educational level of the owner manager and the business experience of the owner managers in the studied sample.
Factors affecting the use of Public Procurement and Disposal Act of 2005 in P...paperpublications3
Abstract: Kenya is undertaking public procurement reforms, by enacting the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) of 2005 which became operational in 2007. This research considered the factors which affect the implementation of PPDA in public secondary schools by considering four factors; procurement skills, enforcement, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with procurement regulations. The researcher adopted purposive sampling and questionnaires were administered to the respondents, who included the members of the tender and procurement committees. Data collected was analyzed by use of SPSS and presented in percentages, frequency tables, and inferential statistics. The study showed that there is a significant relationships between; procurement skills, enforcement of PPDA, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with the regulations and the implementation of the PPDA. 80% of the respondents agree that lack of familiarity with the procurement regulations, inhibited the implementation of the PPDA. 85% of schools in Trans- Nzoia County have not engaged procurement professionals. 53% of the respondents agree that lack of training has hindered the implementation of PPDA. 80% agree that lack of enforcement has somehow hindered its implementation. It is recommended that the procurement officers in public secondary schools to read, understand and implement the Public Procurement and Disposal Act 2005 and that the school management should train their procurement officers to gain procurement skills, which will enhance the effective implementation of the PPDA.
Keywords: Compliance, Enforcement, Organization culture, Professionalism, Public procurement, School management, Value for money.
Scoring marketing obstacles and recommended solutions: the case of the date m...Premier Publishers
This study is an attempt to identify problematic issues facing date marketing systems in Saudi Arabia and to introduce corrective solutions to overcome them. Eventually, this would increase date marketing efficiency, performance, and the competitiveness level of Saudi dates, both locally and globally. The study applied a typical five-level Likert scale and factor analysis in order to analyze the primary data collected from date dealers at the major Saudi Arabian date markets. Results highlighted that the impact of technical problematic issues were the highest, with an average of 3.67 followed by structural problematic issues with an average of 3.36, and finally followed by behavioral problematic issues with an average of 3.12. Technical, structural, and behavioral problematic issues have been categorized into a set of factors explaining 79.18%, 74.84%, and 77.7% of the variations, respectively. The impact of applying the recommended solutions on a Saudi Arabian date marketing system were found to be high, ranging from a minimum of 3.35 for encouraging competition to a maximum of 3.98 for providing affordable cold storages. Dates marketing channel types, geographical factors, and the date marketing dealers’ educational level have shown significant effects on the prevailing problematic issues of the Saudi Arabian date marketing system.
JOSCM | Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management - Volume 8 number 2 - July/December 2015
This issue of Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management counts with eight papers that focus on strategic, tactical and operational aspects of supply chain management.
The paper from Nyaoga, Magutu and Aduda (2015) explores the link between supply chain strategies and firm performance. Based on data from 627 companies, the authors show that supply chain strategies account for a significant share of firms´ performance; reinforcing that companies should investments in supply chain practices. Radanliev (2015), in its turn, develops a framework based on the supply chain architecture, design, and engineering literature that offers guidelines on how practitioners can decompose and build a green-field (new and non-existent) supply chain. We also have three papers on specific supply chain strategies. Pereira and Silva (2015) and Bradaschia and Pereira (2015), for instance, explore the concept of supply chain resilience and its antecedents. With the use of case studies, the former shows how the management of buyer and supplier interfaces, of risk, and of knowledge can enhance resilience in a supply chain while the latter adds that flexibility is also a vital enabler of supply chain resilience. Ferreira, Bertan and Pimenta (2015) then show the importance of inter-organizational integration to achieve the outcomes expected by companies.
This volume also counts with papers focused on logistic services, transportation, and inventory management - key decision areas in supply chain management. Liane Okdinawati, Simatupang and Sunitiyoso (2015) review the literature on collaborative transportation management and suggest areas for future research in the field and Yang (2015) provides an overview of the third-party logistics providers in the United States for investigating how the industry has evolved to meets customers' needs in an environment marked by global supply chains. Finally, this issue has a technical note on a stochastic two-echelon model to solve the petrol station replenishment problem. This model offers insights on how firms can devise a replenishment policy to minimize inventory costs, in the long run, given the demand pattern.
For more information on this issue, visit the FGV Library System: http://bit.ly/2livlzW
Application of interpretive structural modelling for analysing.docxfestockton
Application of interpretive structural modelling for analysing
barriers to total quality management practices implementation in
the automotive sector
G. Muruganantham
a
, S. Vinodh
b∗
, C. S. Arun
b
and K. Ramesh
b
a
Department of Management Studies, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015,
Tamil Nadu, India;
b
Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
In the recent era of globalisation and competitive scenario, quality plays a vital role in
ensuring customer satisfaction. Total quality management (TQM) involves the
implementation of appropriate tools/techniques to provide products and services to
customers with best quality. In order to ensure the success of TQM practices in a
modern automotive component manufacturing scenario, barriers and their mutual
interactions need to be systematically analysed to enable practicing managers for
effective deployment. In this context, this study depicts an interpretive structural
modelling (ISM)-based approach to understand the mutual influence of TQM
barriers. A total of 21 barriers have been identified for TQM practices and ISM
model has been developed. The barriers are grouped under four categories
(dependent, independent, autonomous and linkage) based on MICMAC analysis. The
conduct of the study enabled the decision-makers to systematically analyse the
influential barriers for effective deployment of TQM concepts in modern automotive
component manufacturing, which is one of the rapidly growing sectors in the Indian
scenario.
Keywords: total quality management; interpretive structural modelling; barriers;
structural model; MICMAC analysis; Indian automotive sector
Introduction
During the past decade, manufacturing organisations have been adopting total quality
management (TQM) as a philosophy for bringing about quality improvements. TQM
enables the organisations to attain business excellence. TQM emphasises continuous
improvement as one of the top goals and it enables organisations to achieve business excel-
lence. TQM includes guiding principles and management practices that lead to continuous
improvement in quality and providing quality products to customers. TQM focuses on
management commitment and involvement, customer focus, teamwork, motivation and
employee involvement. In addition, modern automotive manufacturing organisations
have adopted advanced quality tools such as Quality Function Deployment, Failure
Mode and Effect Analysis and Six Sigma. In order to compete in the globalised market,
the organisations must inculcate TQM concepts into all activities of the organisation effec-
tively (Mahapatra & Sekhar, 2004). TQM practices have been widely acknowledged as a
disciplined management process in different sectors such as manufacturing, and service in
order to deal with changes in the marketplace and focus on product and service quality. It
provides a set of guidelines that will ...
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SELECT PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTO...indexPub
In the ever-evolving landscape of the banking sector, adopting a customer-centric approach stands as a pivotal strategy for attaining sustainable competitive advantage. This study delves into the realm of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices within public and private sector banks in Chengalpattu District, unraveling the intricacies of their implementation and effectiveness. With a keen focus on customer retention and satisfaction, the research employs an exploratory approach to scrutinize various dimensions of CRM practices. The primary objective is to assess the contribution of CRM practices in crafting a sustainable competitive edge by comprehending and exceeding customer expectations.
Ataullah Muneeb and Matiullah Shinwari. “Customer Relation Management (CRM) and its Impact on Organizational Performance: A Case of Etisalat Telecommunication in Afghanistan” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.4 (2019): 01-09
Effects of Supply Chain Management Practices On The Performance Of Banks In K...Editor IJCATR
The paper examines the adoption of the Supply Chain Management practices on the performance
of Banks in Kenya. This research conceptualizes and develops four dimensions of SCM practice
(outsourcing of goods & services, information & communication technology, strategic supplier
partnership, and globalization) and tests the relationships between SCM practices, and
organizational performance. The study employed descriptive design. Data for the study was
collected using a self-administered questionnaire procedure, where the questionnaires were
administered to the selected respondents through drop and pick later technique. A sample size of
33 respondents was drawn from the sample frame using simple stratified random sampling
technique to promote the needs for efficiency and representativeness from various branches and
outlets of Postbank as an organization in Nairobi County and the relationships proposed in the
framework was tested using Chi-square, T-test among other statistical tools. Data was analyzed
by aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study will be useful in the academic
circles as it will contribute immensely towards filling the gaps in knowledge in the area of service
industry. The study found that outsourcing was important to the banks only when the appropriate
methods are employed. It also found that ICT had a major role in determining the performance of
banks as it dictated the mode of transaction and data they displayed to clients. Strategic
partnership was also important based on what it intended to achieve in enhancing the performance
of banks. Lastly, globalization is equally vital as it increases competition and exposes local banks
to global scene to experience how performance of banks can be improved. The study recommends
that correct ICT methods should be applied to promote the competitiveness of banks and improve
performance. Also it recommends that outsourcing be done only if they promote the objectives and
goals of the banking institute.
Effects of Supply Chain Management Practices On The Performance Of Banks In K...Editor IJCATR
The paper examines the adoption of the Supply Chain Management practices on the performance
of Banks in Kenya. This research conceptualizes and develops four dimensions of SCM practice
(outsourcing of goods & services, information & communication technology, strategic supplier
partnership, and globalization) and tests the relationships between SCM practices, and
organizational performance. The study employed descriptive design. Data for the study was
collected using a self-administered questionnaire procedure, where the questionnaires were
administered to the selected respondents through drop and pick later technique. A sample size of
33 respondents was drawn from the sample frame using simple stratified random sampling
technique to promote the needs for efficiency and representativeness from various branches and
outlets of Postbank as an organization in Nairobi County and the relationships proposed in the
framework was tested using Chi-square, T-test among other statistical tools. Data was analyzed
by aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study will be useful in the academic
circles as it will contribute immensely towards filling the gaps in knowledge in the area of service
industry. The study found that outsourcing was important to the banks only when the appropriate
methods are employed. It also found that ICT had a major role in determining the performance of
banks as it dictated the mode of transaction and data they displayed to clients. Strategic
partnership was also important based on what it intended to achieve in enhancing the performance
of banks. Lastly, globalization is equally vital as it increases competition and exposes local banks
to global scene to experience how performance of banks can be improved. The study recommends
that correct ICT methods should be applied to promote the competitiveness of banks and improve
performance. Also it recommends that outsourcing be done only if they promote the objectives and
goals of the banking institute.
The main objective of the study was to assess factors affecting the effectiveness of supply chain
management practices in Kenyan public sector case of Ministry of Finance with the aim of assessing the
effect of supplier relationship on the effectiveness of supply chain management practices. The study
adopted a descriptive case research design with study population of 120 management staff working at the
Ministry of finances’ procurement, finance and administration departments from which a sample size of 60
respondents was drawn. Questionnaires were used for data collection and descriptive statistics data
analysis method was applied to analyze data aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The study
identified that lack of supplier relationship management strategies lowered the effectiveness of supply
chain management functions. The study recommended application of supplier collaboration strategies.
Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing ...ijtsrd
Supply chain control has assumed a good sized role in firms performance and has attracted serious research interest over the last few years. A literature reviewreveals a massive spurt in studies in principle and exercise of SCM Combining and informing on capabilities of deliver control and distribution management. This integration hasresulted within the concept of prolonged. Employer and the supply chain is now appear as the collaborative deliver chain across intercompany borders to maximise the value throughout the complete deliver chain. A massive variety of research papers had been published in numerous journals in ultimate many years. On this paper an attempt is made to study the popularity of literature on supply Chain management. A literature classification scheme is proposed. a complete of 588 articles from thirteen refereed academic journals are categorised into articles in 5 methodologies i.e. Exploratory, Normative, methodology, Literature review and hypothesis testing. This literature evaluation reveals that exploratory kind of studies is normally favoured it is expected that with the maturity of SCM the hypothesis trying out approach will choose up. The articles are similarly categorised in fifteen categories on the basis of content analysis. Based on this assessment, some feasible studies issues are recognized. Prof. Rekha D. M | Sowmya A V ""Implementation of Supply Chain Management and its Effectiveness on Marketing of Business Organisations"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23876.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23876/implementation-of-supply-chain-management-and-its-effectiveness-on-marketing-of-business-organisations/prof-rekha-d-m
Interractive Control Systems and Strategic Orientation on Competitive Positio...inventionjournals
Despite strategic management advocating for the use of strategic control practices to improve the implementation of strategic plans and competitive position, establishing the strategic control-performance relationship has been problematic, suggesting failure by researchers to consider contingent variables. This study used data, collected during the period November 2008 to May 2009 from 109 senior managers in a census survey of 45 firms in the sugar value-chain in western Kenya, to examine the moderating effect of strategic orientation on the relationship between belief control and competitive position. Descriptive statistics, bi-variate regression analysis and moderated regression analysis were used to analyze data. The findings revealed moderate prevalence of Interactive control mean 2.86, std dev 0.83. The most prevalent strategic orientation was the reactor (60%), followed by defender (24%); prospectors (9%) and analyzers (7%). All the four levers were positively and significantly related to competitive position (interactive β = 0.393, p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that urgent measures are required by the firms in the study to design interractive control systems to cope with the changing business environment. The study contributes to validation and upgrade of the existing belief control theory. For managers, the study sheds light on the design and use of belief controls and also for public sector managers in guiding the strategic change. It is recommended that future studies focus on the specific firms in sugar value chain and adopt longitudinal casestudy designs to establish causal relationships among variables.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Many countries have seen the importance of financial education by making financial
education a national strategy. In Vietnam, although the National Strategies for Inclusive Financial
Education has been proposed since 2017 and officially included in the National Financial Inclusion
Strategy in 2020, however, financial education is still quite new, and many people are not aware of
the necessity of financial l
Today, in the rapidly emerging globalization process, increasing the competitiveness of enterprises
depends on increasing of their firm performance. Although there are many methods and techniques affecting
firm performance, Information technology (IT) capabilities has become one of the most widely used method,
especially in dealing with supply chain matters of a firm. The aim of our study is to express whether innovation
and organization learning is effective as intermediate variable to the effects of IT capabilities at firm’s
performance. The opinion which claim
Globally, the number of startup companies has rapidly expanded during the last 5-8 years. Offering
products and/or services that greatly enhance the lives of its clients is a major focus for these firms. In India,
local and federal government initiatives have provided new enterprises and entrepreneurs with much
momentum and assistance, helping India become the world's top startup location. The Government of India
(GOI) launched the "Startup India" campaign in 2015 to promote entrepreneurship and support businesses to
achieve this goal (Babu, S., Sridevi, K.,2019). An IBM Center for Business Value and Oxford Economics study
in 2018 found that 90% of Indian companies fail within the first five years of operation. Potential difficulties
that startups may run across, both generally and specifically in the Indian market, have been described by
several authors.
Behaviour finance is the study of how psychological phenomena affect financial behaviour. This
financial science is used in making financial decisions. Amid the development of the digital economy, paylater
innovation has emerged. It is feared that the ease of use of paylater can have a negative impact, one of which is
the attitude of impulsive buying. This research will analyze the effect of financial literacy, self-control, risk
perception, and percieved ease of use on impulsive buying behaviour. This research is based on Decision Affect
Theory, which is a theory that discusses financial decision behaviour that is influenced by self-emotion. This
research is uses purposive sampling wi
Improving the business environment is one of the key strategies to promote local and regional
economic development. However, which factors affect the business environment of the provinces is still
controversial. Using survey data from 400 investors and managers and a multivariate regression analysis
method, this study has identified the factors affecting the business environment of Hai Phong province. The
analysis results show that there are 09 factors affecting the business environment of Hai Phong City, including
entry costs, land access and tenure, transparent, informal charges, time cost, pro-activeness, business support
services, labor training and legal institutions. In
The effect of work attitude and innovation ability on employee innovation performance is of great
significance for improving the innovation ability of manufacturing enterprises and building an "Innovative
Country" in China.This article theoretical analysis was conducted on the mechanism by which the work attitude
of employees in manufacturing enterprises affects innovation performance and the mediating mechanism of
innovation ability. Based on data from Chinese manufacturing enterprises, empirical analysis was conducted
using SEM models. Resear
The concept of organizational resilience continues to grow in focus and importance, but there
has yet to be an agreed upon measure of organizational resilience. Organizational resilience can be seen as a
corporation’s ability to adapt to change and maintain flexibility within their supply chain. Resilience and
flexibility at all organizational levels is necessary, in a proactive manner, to turn resilience into a competitive
advantage
In this paper, by using the basic method of differential geometry, combined with the optimization
theory and the basic technique of data analysis, the definition, basic properties and statistical characteristics of
nonlinear correlation coefficients on manifolds are studied and given, test the rationality and validity of the
nonlinear correlation coefficient defined in this paper. Therefore, the study of this paper has certain theoretical
value and potential practical significance.
This study aims to analyze and prove whether there is a positive and significant influence
between product quality and poki prices on purchasing decisions for Kobba brand coffee. The survey was
conducted using 53 respondents who were buyers who had purchased Kobba brand coffee more than once.
Information from respondents was obtained through a list of questions that were sent and returned by
respondents
In this paper, we introduce a universal framework for mean-distortion robust risk measurement and
portfolio optimization. We take accounts for the uncertainty based on Gelbrich distance and another uncertainty
set proposed by Delage & Ye. We also establish the model under the constraints of probabilistic safety
criteria and compare the different frontiers and the investment ratio to each asset. The empirical analysis in the
final part explores the impact of different parameters on the model results.
Despite the attainment of the famous Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of reducing the number
of poor people across the globe a significant number still live below the poverty line. The problem of poverty is
more endemic in developing countries like Nigeria. Several intervention efforts have been in place to address
the poverty question which persists partly due to serious financial exclusion and unethical activities of informal
finance providers.
The focus of this research was to establish the effect of entrepreneurship Ecosystem in inculcating
entrepreneurial propensity for community development. Promotion of entrepreneurship in Kenya has existed
ever since independence. The Government has shown tremendous support to entrepreneurship growth. The
Government have channelled financial support through funding such as Women Enterprise fund, Youth
Enterprise Fund and Uwezo Fund
In this paper, we consider an AAI with two types of insurance business with p-thinning dependent
claims risk, diversify claims risk by purchasing proportional reinsurance, and invest in a stock with Heston
model price process, a risk-free bond, and a credit bond in the financial market with the objective of maximizing
the expectation of the terminal wealth index effect, and construct the wealth process of AAI as well as the the
model of robust optimal reinsurance-investment problem is obtained, using dynamic programming, the HJB
equation to obtain the pre-default and post-default reinsurance-investment strategies and the display expression
of the value function, respectively, and the sensitivity of the model parameters is analyzed through numerical
experiments to obtain a realistic economic interpretation. The model as well as the results in this paper are a
generalization and extension of the results of existing studies.
:Textiles and clothing are a fundamental part of everyday life and an important sector in the global
economy. It is hard to imagine a world without textiles. Clothes are worn by almost everyone, almost all the time
and it also becomes an important expression for an individuality. In 2015, emission from textiles production
totaled 1.2 billion tons of CO2 equivalent throughout its lifecycle. The fashion industry is a large consumer of
water, high volumes of water containing
In this paper, we construct a Credit Default Swap pricing model for default recovery rates under
distributional uncertainty based on a structured pricing model and distributional uncertainty theory. The model
is algorithmically transformed into a solvable semi-definite programming problem using the Lagrangian dual
method, and the solution of the model is given using the projection interior point method. Finally, an empirical
analysis is conducted, and the results show that the model constructed in this paper is reasonable and efficient
The closures of schools, colleges, and universities in many countries worldwide during the COVID19 pandemic have reshaped every aspect of our normal lives and educational experience. As a result of
extended periods of lockdown, whole populations have been advised to stay in their households and
communicate with others through distance electronic communications methods such as Zoom, Teams, Google
meetings etc. More than 1
Even though economists and academics have been studying money laundering for many years, there
are still gaps in the research because there is a dearth of trustworthy data on the activity as well as an absence
of specific sources and methods of collection in government-based reporting. The Walker-Unger gravity model
was used in this study to determine the countries that Russian-based money launderers used as funding
destinations between the years 2000 and 2020, as well as whether there are any variations in country rankings
during economic downturns. The investigation's findings indicated that even during recessionary times, money
launderers with Russian bases consistently preferred certain countries as their destination
This study will establish a scientific foundation for analyzing and assessing the development of
human resources in industrial parks of Hai Duong province. According to statistics and primary data, the
study analyzes the current situation of human resource development in the industrial parks in Hai Duong
province, states achievements, limitations and their causes, thereby giving solutions to improve the human
resource development in industrial parks of Hai Duong province in the future for the economic development
of industrial parks in particular and Hai Duong province in general.
Solar photovoltaic systems are becoming essential in renewable energy sources to help reduce
dependence on renewable energy sources, fossil fuels and mitigate climate change. In the world today, many
successful businesses bring efficiency to the environment as well as the global economy. However, to evaluate
the business performance of the global supply chain, it is necessary to find an appropriate method. This article
uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods to compare
performance across businesses
The objective of this research is 1) to study social media usage behavior of the elderly and 2) to
examine the relationship between factors of the social media usage behavior of the elderly in Surat Thani
Province, Thailand. The data were collected from selected elderly aged 60 years and older in Surat Thani
Province. The number of the sample in this study was 400. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the
data. Statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Chi-Square
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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The effects of customers service quality and online reviews on customer loyal...
Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
1. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM)
Volume 1 Issue 2 September 2016, P.P.01-12
www.ijbmm.com
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 1
Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian
Small and Medium Enterprises
DJODA NJODA Charles
University of Saint-Jérôme, Douala, Cameroon
Abstract: We employ Cameroonian data on 162 Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to test fourth competing
hypotheses about the impact of Supply Chain Management (SCM) on their performance. The first hypothesis
states that there is a relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for implementation of SCM and SME
performance in terms of customer service and satisfaction. In second, there is a significant relationship between
CSFs and SME performance in terms of internal business parameters. Third, there is a significant relationship
between CSFs and SME performance in terms of financial performance. Fourth, there is a relationship between
CSFs and SME performance in terms of innovation and growth. It is evident that SMEs in Cameroon face
problems in SCM implementation due to lack of resources and direction. However, successful implementation of
SCM can give SMEs an edge over their competitors. Our study identifies some major CSFs for achievement of
SCM and studies their impact on performance. Results are analyzed by testing research hypotheses using
standard statistical and econometric tools: “devoted resources for supply chain”, “top management
commitment”, “development of effective SCM strategy”, “development of reliable suppliers” and “logistics
synchronization” emerge as the most pertinent CSFs. Our findings appear to leave little room for explanations
of the over/under-performance phenomenon rooted in the trade-off between different forms of managerial
capital.
Keywords: Supply chain management, performance, critical success factors, Cameroonian small and medium
enterprises.
I. Introduction
Supply chain can be defined as a set of organizations that maintain relations with each other from the
beginning to the end of the logistic chain, creating value in the form of products and services from the suppliers
to the final consumer (The Supply Chain Council, 2002). Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the integration of
all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials stage through to the
end-user, as well as the associated information flows (Handfield and Nichols, 2003). For this reason, SCM seeks
to enhance competitive performance by closely integrating the internal cross-functions within a company and
effectively linking them with the external operations of suppliers, customers, and other channel members to be
successful (Kim, 2006). SCM represents the management of upstream and downstream relationships with
suppliers and customers in order to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole
(Christopher, 2011). According to Singh (2011), to effectively compete in the domestic market, small scale
enterprises should focus on improving the effectiveness of operational functions with effective SCM.
With an increasing number of competitors local Cameroonian businesses not only have to restructure their
organizations to produce higher-quality products and services, reduce cost and be able to react quickly to the
market, but also to manage their supply chain. However, Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
find home competition very challenging with Chinese product (Khan and Baye, 2008; Nanje and Atinuke,
2011). To face this competition, SMEs should have effective collaboration with their customers and suppliers,
and should be competitive in terms of cost, quality, innovation, and delivery. The ability to meet the customer
demands for time, variety, quality and price, has been the biggest challenge for enterprises. Achieving world-
class performance levels requires continuous attention and efforts to ensure the survival of business. Successful
implementation of SCM can play a significant role in meeting these challenges and SMEs should have an
effective supply chain strategy. Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of SCM represent a wide variety of strategies
devoted to improving operational efficiency and competitiveness of SMEs. In this study, we have recognized a
number of 12 CSFs for SCM from literature (see Table A1 in appendix). We have further attempted to analyze
the effects of the SCM initiatives taken by Cameroonian SMEs on their performance. Issues of performance
have been considered based on the Balanced Score Card (BSC) method. This BSC approach is the most
2. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 2
prevalent and is taken as the foundation while developing the framework (Figure A1). According to this
framework, CSFs of SCM implementation leads to performance improvement of Cameroonian SMEs on
different categories based on the BSC approach. The performance measures included are customer service and
satisfaction, internal business, financial performance, and innovation and growth. In the basis of this measure,
we define fourth hypotheses for our empirical research. Previous studies have not analyzed the impact of CSFs
on different performance measures in a holistic manner like the present paper does.
Narasimhan and Jayaram (1998) used exploratory factor analysis for each construct
to ensure the unidimensionality of the scales in respect of SCM practices. The indicator items are deleted if they
are loaded on more than two factors or their factor loadings are smaller than 0.5. Handfield and Bechtel (2002)
suggested that buyer-dependence, supplier human asset investments, and trust are all positively associated with
improved supply chain responsiveness, defined in their study as the supplier‟s ability to quickly respond to the
buying party‟s needs by conducting Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Ngai et al.,
(2004) conducted an empirical study using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the survey data and
revealed five major dimensions of the CSFs for web based SCM system
implementation. Chen et al. (2006) developed three constructs of e – Supply chain capability (procurement,
make and delivery) and tests the relationships between e-Supply chain capability, competitive advantage, and
organizational performance. Bozarth et al. (2009) presented a conceptual model that formally states the
relationship between supply chain complexity and plant performance through multiple regression modelling.
Agus (2011) investigated relationship between SCM, supply chain flexibility and business
performance and these associations are analyzed through statistical methods such as
Pearson‟s correlation and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The overall result suggests that supply chain
management has significant correlations with supply chain flexibility and business performance.
To study the effect of different CSFs on performance of Cameroonian SMEs, we develop a concise framework
and try to validate it in the current study. Our empirical approach involves statistical tests using 12 measures of
SCMs and 4 corresponding CSFs metrics. These statistical tests include exploratory econometric analysis to
investigate interaction effect between endogenous and exogenous main variables.
This paper is organized as follows: The second section presents the data and measurement issues. The third
section examines the hypotheses and models. The fourth section discusses regression analysis for testing the
research hypotheses. Finally, the fifth section concludes.
II. The data and measurement issues
The sample used in this study was drawn from a survey conducted among 162 Cameroonians SME.
These SMEs were selected from directories available at Inter-managerial Committee of Cameroon (ICC),
Cameroon Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Crafts, Cameroon Manufacturers‟ Union, and Ministry
of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMSE). The data was collected between April 2015 and December
2015. Most of the SMEs were located in urban areas (70 percent were located in Douala and Yaoundé, 20
percent in Bafoussam, Bertoua and Garoua, 10 percent in Bamenda, Buea, Ebolowa, Maroua and Ngaoundéré).
Sector wise distribution shows that out of the total responding SMEs, 40 percent were from manufacturing
sector, 34 percent from the services sector, 17 percent from the transportation, and 9 percent from construction
sectors.
Issues related to SCM were handled by top management in collaboration with the purchase and/or the marketing
departments. Only two percent of SMEs had a separate SCM subdivision and dedicated team to handle different
supply chain issues. 90 percent did not have a separate SCM subdivision. The remaining 8 percent of SMEs had
little awareness of SCM. About 35–45 percent of the SMEs were aware of the micro, small and medium
enterprises development Law 2010/001 of April 13, 2010 on the promotion of Small and Mediumsized
Enterprises, and they were availing the benefits of all Government policies and schemes for the 2010-Law.
Responses from the rest of the SMEs revealed very little knowledge about the Law. We observed that either
they were not aware of the 2010-Law and the policies and schemes intended for them or they were not in a
situation to take advantage of them in the current market situation.
The questionnaire contained two parts respectively: Part 1 focuses on CSFs for implementation of SCM in
Cameroonian SMEs and Part 2 focuses on performance improvement (on criteria of balanced score card
approach) in the past two years on the basis of different initiatives taken towards SCM implementation by
Cameroonians SMEs. Available in the data set is information on firms‟ characteristics such as top management
commitment, development of effective SCM strategy, devoted resources for supply chain, logistics
3. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 3
synchronization, use of modern technologies, information sharing with supply chain members, forecasting of
demand based on Point Of Sales (POS), trust development in supply chain partners, development of reliable
suppliers, higher flexibility in production system, focus on core strengths, or long-term vision for survival and
growth. With theses 12 critical success factors (CSFs) for implementation of SCM in SMEs, the variables on a
Likert scale of five (1 – lowest, 5 – highest) listed in Table 1 were constructed. Sample means and other
descriptive statistics are also given in Table 1. SPSS 20 software has been used to analyze the collected
responses.
Table 1. Definition of variables, sample mean and standard deviation of variables
Variable Description Mean Rank Standard
deviation
t value
(p value)
Dependent variables
Customer service and satisfaction
Internal business
Finance
Innovation and growth
CSS
IB
F
IG
2.789
1.520
1.275
1.116
1
2
3
4
0.239
0.909
0.315
0.092
6.814 (0.040)
9.301 (0,011)
7.806 (0.017)
5.382 (0.064)
Independent variables
Devoted resources for supply chain
Top management commitment
Development of effective SCM strategy
Development of reliable suppliers
Logistics synchronization
Information sharing with SC members
Trust development in SC partners
Focus on core strengths
Long-term vision for survival and growth
Use of modern technologies
Higher flexibility in production system
Forecasting of demand on point of sale
DRS
TMC
DESS
DRS
LS
ISSM
TDSP
FCS
LTVSG
UMT
HFPS
FDPS
2.430
2.235
1.960
1.940
1.866
1.641
1.434
1.374
1.318
1.278
1.152
1.127
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0.813
0.497
0.746
0.020
0.455
0.823
0.744
0.195
0.487
0.092
0.315
0.109
14.586 (0.015)
11.418 (0.036)
1.354 (0.090)
1.815 (0.080)
3.373 (0.071)
1.340 (0.087)
5.905 (0.032)
4.792 (0.039)
8.788 (0.014)
3.823 (0.031)
4.608 (0.051)
3.190 (0.023)
Performance measurement can be defined as the process of quantifying the effectiveness of various processes
being followed by the enterprise. Performance measurement provides the information necessary for decision
makers to plan, control, and directs the activities of the enterprise. Performance measures allow managers to
measure performance, to signal and educate employees (and suppliers) on the important dimensions of
performance, and to direct improvement activities by identifying deviations from standards. Based on the BSC
approach, this study has selected the performance measures customer service and satisfaction, internal business,
financial performance, and innovation and growth parameters for assessment of performance.
Average improvement in performance in the past two years was measured on a Likert scale of five (1 – lowest, 5
– highest). This scale took care of decreasing, constant, as well as increasing percentage changes
In the multiple regressions below, the dependent variables, CSS, IG, F and IB, are the different categories of
performance measures. Independent variables include DRS, TMC, DESS, DRS, LS, ISSM, TDSP, FCS,
LTVSG, UMT, HFPS and FDPS which are completed by some proxied variables related to performance. The
choice of variables is based on theoretical considerations in the literature review and field observations. These
variables purport to measure different individual endowments of SCM and performance, both general and firm-
specific.
Inter-item analysis is used to check the scales for internal consistency or reliability. Cronbach's coefficient was
calculated for each scale, as recommended for empirical research in operations management (Flynn et al., 1990).
The coefficients of Cronbach's α for all constructs were in the range of 0.584–0.689. These values exceed the
minimum requirements of 0.5 for an exploratory study such as this one (Nunnally, 1978). Data acquired from
the survey of Cameroonian SMEs are analysed by statistical tests such as one sample t-test, correlation and
multiple regression analysis.
Of most interest to the present study are the variables related to CSFs. In the pioneering study by Bullen and
Rockart (1986), these variables are few key areas where things must go right for the business to flourish and for
the manager's goals to be attained. It is observed in Table 1 that the most important factor is “devoted resources
4. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 4
for supply chain” with mean values of (2.430), followed by “top management commitment” (2.235),
“development of effective SCM strategy” (1.960) and “development of reliable suppliers” (1.940). These results
suggest that in Cameroonian SMEs resources devoted for supply chain occupies a very important place,
although major decisions are taken by the top management. Top management commitment is certainly a key
enabler for effective SCM (Sandberg and Abrahamsson, 2010). Implementation of SCM proves to be very
useful for long term survival. But SCM implementation requires committed management and devoted resources.
Usually it is observed that SMEs do not have the time, knowledge or resources to conduct detailed analysis for
implementing SCM. In the absence of a plan for long term growth, SMEs often do not understand the full
implications of SCM to the organization.
The other important CSFs that emerged are “logistics synchronization” (1.866), “information sharing with SC
members” (1.641), “trust development in SC partners” (1.434) and “focus on core strengths” (1.374). Logistics
synchronisation will help SMEs in optimising their transportation and warehousing costs. Customers' orders and
the services of the organization can be effectively connected by a good logistics system.
Usually SMEs work in isolation and involve middlemen in their supply chain, often losing benefits to them. By
establishing close partnerships with their suppliers and customers, SMEs could better achieve product, process
and technology innovations. To improve coordination and responsiveness of the supply chain, information
sharing with all members of the chain is very important. Supply chain coordination relies on the availability of
prompt and accurate information that is visible to all actors in the supply chain. Coordination improves by close
partnership with customers and suppliers and helps in joint development of new products, joint effort in
reducing purchase lead-time, and cross training of workforces. Coordination also helps in reducing late change
of design and orders, which subsequently affects the delivery/logistics performance of the companies.
Coordination and responsiveness will not only benefit the suppliers and the customers, but will improve the
profits of the overall supply chain.
The other CSFs that emerged in the study are “long-term vision for survival and growth” (1.318), “use of
modern technologies” (1.278), “higher flexibility in production system” (1.152) and “forecasting of demand on
point of sale” (1.127). For example, use of modern technologies such as internet, electronic data interchanges,
web sites, radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies and ERP helps in better management of
information. Accurate, timely, and easily accessible information can improve decision making and forecasting
in supply chain. Forecasting of demand based on point of sales data helps in making more accurate forecasts of
customer requirements. In the context of SCM, a supplier is able to better match inventory with demand when
accurate information is available about the buyer's inventory status. Flexibility in production system (1.152)
helps in dealing with changing product design and demand of customers. From the coordination point of view,
trust development in supply chain partners (1.434) is also very important. Due to a perceived lack of security, a
trust deficit exists between SMEs and their partners.
III. Hypotheses and models
Based on the identification of CSFs for implementation of SCM and focuses on their effects on the
performance of Cameroonian SMEs, the study has attempted to test the following four research hypothesis:
H1: There is a significant relationship between CSFs and SME performance in terms of customer service and
satisfaction.
H2: There is a significant relationship between CSFs and SME performance in terms of internal business
parameters.
H3: There is a significant relationship between CSFs and SME performance in terms of financial performance.
H4: There is a significant relationship between CSFs and SME performance in terms of innovation and growth.
Previous research has focused on the relationship between CSFs variables and improvement in performance.
Performance, PERF, is decomposed into fourth parts: CSS, IB, F and IG; whereas Observed Performance,
OPERF, is decomposed into two parts: underperformance and over-performance. After evaluation of the number
of components of business required for adequate management performance, if the enterprise‟s observed
performance attainment is less than 50 percent then the deficit conduct to an underperformance or, alternatively,
the excess is attributed to over-performance.
Econometric regressions patterned after the specification of framework are thus expressed as
𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐹𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝐶𝑆𝐹 + 𝜀𝑖, (1)
5. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 5
where is a constant; CSF is a (row) vector of non-performance related variables which include DRS, TMC,
DESS, DRS, LS, ISSM, TDSP, FCS, LTVSG, UMT, HFPS, FDPS (of the enterprise i); β is a conformable
(column) vector of coefficients; ε is a random disturbance. Marginal effects of explanatory variables are
distributed by the β coefficients.
In the first model, we are interested in the SCM effect on performance. We build on the literature of supply
chain adoption (Power, Sohal and Rahman, 2001; Umble, Haft and Umble, 2003) and include the variables that
captures the number of modern supply chain suppliers in Cameroonian SMEs. It is important that the
explanatory variables are uncorrelated with the endogenous one. This effect is commonly referred to as the
endogenous influence, because it may capture the influence of the SCM on the individual enterprise, but also the
behaviour of the individual that influences the SCM. This refers to correlated unobservable characteristics of the
enterprises and their business members. We use an instrumental variable approach to address this problem, by
defining the following second model
𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐹𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝐶𝑆𝐹 + 𝛾𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐹𝑖 + 𝜀𝑖, (2)
The candidate instrument OPERF should be correlated with the potentially endogenous social network variable,
but uncorrelated with any unobservable variables and the participation variable.
It is generally expected (and evidence supports the view) that the sign of coefficient γ is negative in the case of
over-performance, and positive in presence of under-performance. The first explanation for the firm over/under-
performance phenomenon reviewed above stresses the possible substitutability or complementarity of different
forms of the organization endowment (managerial, general or firm-specific, administration, etc.). Supposedly,
deficit performance might be compensated by a larger stock of firm-specific capital or of general goods-market
endowment, whereas surplus performance might be viewed as a substitute for the lack of firm seniority or of
logistic experience. We thus posit that these factors could be taken into account by modifying the econometric
equation (1) by tacking to account the average of CSF factor:
𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐹𝑖 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝐶𝑆𝐹 + 𝛾𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐹𝑖 + 𝛿𝐴𝐶𝑆𝐹 + 𝜀𝑖, (3)
where the newly-added variable ACSF represented the mean interaction variable defined as the mean
combination of all explanatory variables. Under this specification, marginal effect to an additional firm of
required performance is proxied by the partial derivative.
Of particular interest for the purposes of this study are the signs of γ which is anticipated to be negative, and, to
a lesser extent, those of δ. According to the firm management view, over-performance is a transitory stage in
which firms with good managerial qualifications improve their chances of finding a better SCM match. Under
this view, we would expect enterprise technology-capital investments to be more search-oriented rather than
directed toward the acquisition of firm-specific capital and, in turn, we would expect managers to have little
incentive to invest in a SCM who is in the market for a better performance match. A negative sign for δ, at least,
a value indistinguishable from zero would be consistent with this hypothesis. In this case, the positive sign of β
should help to compensate the negative effect conducted by overperformance.
On the other hand, under-performance is sometimes seen as a more stable situation in which a given stock of
non-technology capital compensates for performance deficits. Under this view, performance attainments being
the same (and equally inadequate), it appears that preference should be granted to enterprises with larger
endowments of other forms of fixe capital. Accordingly, the penalty profit by underperformed enterprises
should be lower the higher are their resources and flexibility levels, and positive signs would be expected for γ
and δ.
IV. Results
This section examines factors influencing the engagement of SME in supply chain trade.
The correlation matrix among the explanatory variables in Table 2 indicates a low degree of correlation among
the explanatory variables. Hence, multicollinearity is unlikely to be a problem in these data. Following
diagnostic testing, we continue by considering the results for instructive method.
6. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 6
Table 2. Correlation matrix of CSFs
For testing of research propositions made in this study, regression analysis is carried. To estimate equations (2)
and (3), we use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with robust standard errors available on SPSS 20. Tables 3 and 4
report the results of the tests of our hypotheses obtained with our full sample of 162 enterprises. The strength of
the relation between the overall dimensions of SCMs practices and performance indicators are significant
globally and individually. As shown by a finer R2, the „all manufacturing firms in supply chain trade‟ model
better fits the outcome data. The coefficient of the majority of variable is positive and significant (at least 0.05
level), as expected, in both models. The major observations on the basis of this analysis are as follows:
-First, regression analysis of CSFs as independent variable and performance in terms of customer service and
satisfaction as dependent variable (ProbF= 0.000 and R2 = 0.539) explains 53.9 percent of variability of
performance of Cameroonian SMEs. This means that in addition to these independent variables, other factors
related to supply chain implementation play a significant role in performance improvement in terms of customer
service and satisfaction in the Cameroonian scenario. The results of the analysis show, in particular, that there is
significant impact of the devoted resources for supply chain on the customer service and satisfaction, (β =
0.916). For example, during analysis and survey, we observed that for SMEs cost reduction, quality
improvement and on time delivery of goods have more influence on performance.
-Second, regression analysis of CSFs as independent variable and performance in terms of internal business as
dependent variable (ProbF= 0.000 and R2 = 0.528) explains 52.8 percent of variability of performance of
Cameroonian SMEs. It implies that in addition to these independent variables, other factors related to supply
chain implementation, play a significant role in performance improvement of Cameroonian SMEs, in terms of
internal parameters.
-Third, regression analysis of CSFs as independent variable and performance in terms of finance as dependent
variable (ProbF= 0.000 and R2 = 0.517) explains 51.7 percent of variability of performance of Cameroonian
SMEs. This means that in addition to these independent variables, other factors related to supply chain
implementation play a significant role in improvement of performance of SMEs in terms of finance.
-Fourth, regression analysis of CSFs as independent variable and performance in terms of innovation and
growth as dependent variable (ProbF= 0.001 and R2 = 0.508) explains 50.8 percent of variability of
performance of Cameroonian SMEs. This implies that in addition to these independent variables, other factors
related to supply chain implementation play a significant role in performance improvement of Cameroonian
SMEs in terms of innovation and growth.
DRS TMC DESS DRS LS ISSM TDSP FCS LTVSG UMT HFPS FDPS
DRS 1
TMC 0.303 1
DESS 0.091 0.778 1
DRS 0.341 0.215 0.080 1
LS 0.208 0.172 0.036 0.212 1
ISSM -0.024 0.059 0.024 -0.080 0.004 1
TDSP 0.273 0.111 0.019 0.243 0.143 -0.094 1
FCS 0.315 0.201 0.078 0.438 0.122 -0.127 0.363 1
LTVSG 0.358 0.317 0.108 0.308 0.273 0.030 0.218 0.288 1
UMT 0.100 0.071 0.011 0.027 0.121 0.049 0.081 0.066 0.132 1
HFPS 0.181 0.136 0.034 0.071 0.111 0.005 0.157 0.189 0.164 0.001 1
FDPS 0.043 0.111 0.035 0.050 0.027 0.341 0.080 0.026 0.098 0.156 0.006 1
7. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 7
Table 3. Selected coefficient estimates, mode-based criterion
Variable CSS IB F IG
Devoted resources for supply chain
Top management commitment
Development of effective SCM strategy
Development of reliable suppliers
Logistics synchronization
Information sharing with SC members
Trust development in SC partners
Focus on core strengths
Long-term vision for survival and growth
Use of modern technologies
Higher flexibility in production system
Forecasting of demand on point of sale
Constant
Operf
0.916∗
0.716∗
0.858∗
0.955∗
0.252∗
0.437∗
0.859∗
0.463∗
0.410∗∗
0.437∗
0.350∗
0.360∗
0.856∗
0.263∗∗
0.160∗
0.726∗
0.943∗
0.434∗
0.364∗
0.275∗
0.341∗
0.452∗
0.268
0.640∗
0.831∗
0.448∗
0.548∗
0.383∗
0.105
0.169
0.393∗
0.105
-0.247
0.298
0.213
0.157
-0.285
0.391
0.220
0.525
0.362∗
0.168∗
0.409∗∗
0.161
0.162
0.212
0.168
0.167
0.104
0.144
0.028
0.160
0.024
0.139
0.104
0.253
R2 0.539 0.528 0.517 0.508
Prob F 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.001*
Notes: Dependent variable in first row. Coefficients are reported in the table. Signification at the 0.01 level = *;
signification at the 0.05 level = **.
Table 3 also provides information on the estimates obtained using our entire preferred mode-based measure of
performance. All coefficients on devoted resources for supply chain are positive and significant with the correct
sign in both models. Having an important level of resources invest in supply chain increases the possibility of a
firm augmenting supply chain. Logistics synchronization and use of modern technologies are also significant.
Accordingly, firms that have acquired higher levels of technological capabilities are more likely to succeed in
supply chain trade. This requires firms to undertake conscious investments in skills and information to operate
imported technologies rather than simply learning by doing. Capability building involves a range of
technological activities, including actively acquiring new technologies through foreign licenses, implementing
international quality standards and developing new products supported by patent protection.
The coefficient on top management commitment is positive and significant in the all
manufacturing firms model. In SMEs, decisions are generally centrally governed by top management. Resources
such as money, time, technology, manpower, and material are controlled and managed by top management.
According to Ganesan and Saumen (2005), top management support is very much necessary for cross-functional
training, integration of departments within the organization and vendor development for a responsive supply
chain.
The Trust development in SC partners variable has a positive and significant sign. Trust among supply chain
partners is another important aspect for improving coordination between the partners. Anderson and Narus
(1990) stated that trust is a favourable attitude that exists when one supply chain member has confidence in
other supply chain members. Trust is required for flow of information in the supply chain.
Access to information sharing with SC members is positive and significant. Information technology (IT) has
gained a lot of importance in SCM implementation in recent years. Increasingly, supply chain operations are
changing from electronic data interchange systems and enterprise resource planning systems to internet/intranet
to support SCM (Pant, Sethi and Bhandari, 2003). Lancioni, Smith and Olivia (2000), observed that use of
modern technologies in SCM can lead to advantages such as cost saving, quality improvement, delivery and
support, and greater competitive advantage.
The estimate of the coefficient on Operf is still close to 0.1-0.4, as in Table 3. Without accounting for possible
interaction effects of explanatory variables, marginal influence of observed performance is positive, statistically
significant. When interaction effects are taken into consideration in Table 4, the estimates of γ and δ obtained
under the exogenous definition of overperformance/underperformance, albeit lower in magnitude than those
shown in Table 3, are still clearly and significantly supportive of the same hypothesis. That is, marginal effect of
overperformance improve with prolonged business with the same sample, whereas effect of underperformance
8. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 8
deteriorate as capabilities increases, a behaviour that runs counter to the notion of the substitutability of devoted
resources for supply chain for performance.
Table 4. Selected coefficient estimates, skill/qualification-based criterion
Variable CSS IB F IG
Devoted resources for supply chain
Top management commitment
Development of effective SCM strategy
Development of reliable suppliers
Logistics synchronization
Information sharing with SC members
Trust development in SC partners
Focus on core strengths
Long-term vision for survival and growth
Use of modern technologies
Higher flexibility in production system
Forecasting of demand on point of sale
Constant
Operf
Acsf
0.269∗∗
0.249∗∗
0.362∗∗
0.491∗∗
0.448∗∗
0.454∗∗
0.408∗∗
0.545∗∗
0.398∗∗
0.420∗∗
0.289∗∗
0.406∗∗
0.519**
0.533∗∗
0.319∗
0.461∗
0.416∗∗
0.409∗∗
0.563∗∗
0.414∗∗
0.481∗∗
0.308∗∗
0.633∗∗
0.451∗∗
0.334∗∗
0.482∗∗
0.579∗∗
0.671∗∗
0.639**
0.438∗∗
0.307∗
0.901∗
0.546∗∗
0.519∗∗
0.597∗∗
0.465∗∗
0.359∗∗
0.302∗∗
0.235∗∗
0.299∗∗
0.213∗∗
0.441∗∗
0.565∗∗
0.534∗∗
0.608**
0.670∗∗
-0.222∗
0.189∗
0.501
0.131
0.148∗∗
0.408∗∗
0.336∗∗
0.492∗∗
0.435∗∗
0.445∗∗
0.256∗∗
0.340∗∗
0.137∗∗
0.159∗∗
0.481**
0.246∗ ∗
-0.171∗
0.430∗
R2 0.541 0.511 0.510 0.504
Prob F 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.001*
Notes: Dependent variable in first row. Coefficients are reported in the table. Signification at the 0.01 level = *;
signification at the 0.05 level = **.
In our second set of results, we rely on an exogenous definition of required performance (by the Business
Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey that includes measures of firm performance, variables relating
to ownership, competition and export orientation). For purposes of comparison, Table 4 displays selected
information on the results. Without accounting for possible interaction influence of Operf and others CSF
variables, marginal effect to Operf adequate for performance are estimated at close to 0.31%, in line with
previous research for the Cameroonian goods market (Nguimkeu, 2013). If differential effects of Operf and Acsf
are allowed, the differentiation shows an improvement marginally in comparison with result of Table 3.
V. Conclusion
Our objective in this study was to identify the impact of CSFs for SCM on the performance of
Cameroonian SMEs. We have showed that CSFs have positive impact on different categories of performance
such as customer service and satisfaction, internal business, financial performance, and innovation and growth
of Cameroonian SMEs. It is also observed that to face the challenges of a competitive market, SMEs in
Cameroonian are now recognizing the importance of SCM implementation but on a small scale. Devoted
resources for supply chain, top management commitment, development of effective SCM strategy, development
of reliable suppliers, and logistics synchronization are the main CSFs for implementation of SCM in
Cameroonian SMEs.
Findings of the study have many crucial implications for SMEs while implementing SCM in practice, and for
academia as well. A major implication is that SMEs should develop their supply chain strategies effectively
after analysing the business environment and their future plans. While developing strategies for implementation
of SCM in SMEs, they should give due importance to CSFs and keep them in mind while deciding their
priorities.
Our paper can be further extended for comparing SMEs with larger enterprises in terms of different supply chain
practices and performance. The findings from this study may be beneficial for SMEs outside Cameroonian as
well.
9. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 9
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Appendix
Table A1. Assessment of critical success factors in literature
No CSFs References for the past decades
1 Devoted resources for supply chain Singh, Garg and Deshmukh (2010); Singh (2013)
2 Top management commitment Sandberg and Abrahamsson (2010); Singh (2011); Singh (2013)
3 Development of effective SCM strategy Soroor, Tarokh and Shemshadi (2009); Singh, Garg and Deshmukh
(2010); Singh, Kumar and Shankar (2012); Kumar, Singh and Shankar
(2014)
4 Development of reliable suppliers He, Zhao, Zhao and He (2009); Kumar, Singh and Shankar (2013);
Kumar, Singh and Shankar (2016)
5 Logistics synchronization Singh, Kumar and Shankar (2012); Kumar, Singh and Shankar (2013);
Kumar, Singh and Shankar (2016)
6 Information sharing with SC members Stanley, Cynthia, Chad and Gregory (2009); Singh, Kumar and
Shankar (2012)
7 Trust development in SC partners Bianchi and Saleh (2010); Singh (2013); Tejpal, Garg and Sachdeva
(2013)
8 Focus on core strengths Thakkar, Kanda and Deshmukh (2008); Kumar, Singh and Shankar
(2012); Kumar, Singh and Shankar (2014)
9 Long-term vision for survival and growth Thakkar, Kanda and Deshmukh (2008); Singh, Kumar and Shankar
(2012); Kumar, Singh and Shankar (2013)
10 Use of modern technologies Arshinder, Kanda and Deshmukh (2008); Thakkar, Kanda and
Deshmukh (2008); Singh (2013)
11 Higher flexibility in production system Arshinder, Kanda and Deshmukh (2007); Kumar, Singh and Shankar
(2013)
12 Forecasting of demand on point of sale Francesca, Bianco and Mauro (2008); Arshinder, Kanda and
Deshmukh (2008); Marek and Malyszek (2008)
12. Supply Chain Management and Performance in Cameroonian Small and Medium Enterprises
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 12
CSFs for
implementation of
SCM
Customer service
and satisfaction
Internal business
Financial
performance
Innovation and
growth
Figure A1. Framework for the study.
Performance
improvement
in term of