This document discusses land acquisition and rehabilitation for displaced people. It identifies two main categories of displaced people: those displaced abruptly due to disasters or conflicts, and those displaced through planned development projects for infrastructure, industry, or resource extraction. The most widespread effect of involuntary displacement is impoverishment, as people lose land, jobs, housing, and social networks. Effective rehabilitation programs aim to prevent impoverishment by restoring access to land, employment, housing, healthcare, nutrition, community assets, and social ties. The key is to internalize costs and involve displaced communities in participatory planning and implementation of rehabilitation packages.

1. Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation
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2. Categories of displaced people
ABRUPT
2. Refugees and repatriates
3. Displaced due to natural disasters
(Floods, earthquakes, drought, famine etc.)
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PLANNED
3. Displaced due to Developmental Projects
(Construction of dams, railways, new ports, towns, urban infrastructure,
inception mining and industrialisation, power generation etc.),
THE MOST WIDESPREAD EFFECT OF INVOLUNTARY
DISPLACEMENT IS THE IMPOVERISHMENT OF
CONSIDERABLE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE.
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3. INCOME
( Rs)
MONTH
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4. The essence of the
displacement/resettlement nexus is
• The development-induced
IMPOVERISHMENT of some population
segments
[“If you are to suffer, you should suffer in the interest of the country…”
Jawaharlal Nehru, speaking to villagers who were to be displaced by the
Hirakud dam,1948]
• The efforts to PREVENT AND
OVERCOME IT
4. HOW DOES IMPOVERISHMENT THROUGH
DISPLACEMENT OCCUR?
5. HOW CAN IT BE PREVENTED?
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5. HOW DOES IMPOVERISHMENT OCCUR?
The most important sub-processes that converge
in impoverishment due to displacement
• Landlessness
• Joblessness
• Homelessness
• Increased morbidity
• Food insecurity
• Loss of access to common property
• Social disarticulation.
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6. HOW TO PREVENT IMPOVERISHMENT?
Reverse the model on its head :
model for the positive re-establishment of displaced
Landlessness : Land-based resettlement
Joblessness : Employment creation
Homelessness : Shelter programmmes
Increased morbidity : Improved health care
Food insecurity : Adequate nutrition
Loss of access : Reconstruction of community assets
Social disarticulation: Purposive community reconstruction
THE BASIC POLICY MESSAGE-
The intrinsic socio-economic risks must be bought under
control through appropriate strategy.
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7. A rehabilitation package for the
displaced :
Modification suggested with
the help of IRR Model
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8. Cause of Rehabilitation package Measures
impoverishment suggested
1. Compensation for land 1. Guidance for
acquired investment
LANDLESSNESS 2. Guidance for
improved cultivation in
the land that will be
left with them after
acquisition
1. 1/10th of an acre of land for
homestead purpose
2. House of 250 sq ft in the
rehabilitation colony with
necessary infrastructure or
compensation for the lost house.
3. Rs 500 per month per family
HOMELESSNESS for 1 yr. if land is vacated by a
given date.
4. Rs 300 for construction of
temporary shed at new site.
OR : A grant of Rs 30,000
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5. Rs 15,000 for encroachers.

9. 4. MARGINALISATION
- -
Provision for
5.INCREASED
-
1. Community health care
MORBIDITY 2. Drainage and sanitation
3. Protected water supply
6. FOOD INSECURITY 1. Provision for Public
- Distribution System
7. LOSS OF ACESS TO 1. Providing grazing
COMMON PROPERTY
- land, ponds etc.
1. Rehabilitation site to
- be divided in displaced
village wise sectors and
8. SOCIAL
villagers to be resettled
DISARTICULATION
village wise.
2. Ethnic group wise
resettlement in the new
site.
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10. Common causes of failure of
rehabilitation
• Policy :Compensation and not on income
re-establishment
• Finances : Financial resources fall short
• Methodology : Externalize costs rather
than internalize
• Weak institutions : Lack a policy
mandate, organizational capacity
• Authoritarianism : Non participatory
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11. Approaches to Resettlement
•Monetary compensation approach
•Employment oriented approach
•Administrative approach
•Purchasing of land approach
•Developmental approach
•Participatory approach
Formulation of rehabilitation plan and its
implementation should be done
through participatory method.
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12. Some areas of concern
• 75% of the displaced people have not
been ‘rehabilitated’
• Majority of the displaced people belong to
marginasied section of the society
• Land Bank
• Infrastructure and land acquisition
• The new act.
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13. • Impoverishment risk can be
successfully attacked
• Livelihood reconstruction, however
difficult, is feasible
• The body of replicable positive
experiences are growing
continuously.
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