IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020 Band 9 Writing Task 2

IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020
Band 9 | Writing Task 2
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IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020 Band 9 | Writing Task 2 IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020 Band 9 | Writing Task
2

Pope Pius XII and the Jews Essay
The twentieth century was marked by genocides on an monstrous scale. One of the most terrible was
the Holocaust wrought by Nazi Germany, which killed an estimated six million European Jews and
almost as many other victims.
During this dark time, the Catholic Church was shepherded by Pope Pius XII, who proved himself an
untiring foe of the Nazis, determined to save as many Jewish lives as he could. Yet today Pius XII gets
almost no credit for his actions before or during the war.
Anti Catholic author Dave Hunt writes, quot;The Vatican had no excuse for its Nazi partnership or for
its continued commendation of Hitler on the one hand and its thunderous silence regarding the Jewish
question on the other hand. . . . [The popes] continued ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Germans were likewise displeased with the reigning pontiff, Pius XI, who showed himself to be a
unrelenting opponent of the new German quot;ideals quot; even writing an entire encyclical, Mit
Brennender Sorge (1937), to condemn them. When Pius XI died in 1939, the Nazis abhorred the
prospect that Pacelli might be elected his successor.
Dr. Joseph Lichten, a Polish Jew who served as a diplomat and later an official of the Jewish Anti
Defamation League of B nai B rith, writes: quot;Pacelli had obviously established his position clearly,
for the Fascist governments of both Italy and Germany spoke out vigorously against the possibility of
his election to succeed Pius XI in March of 1939, though the cardinal secretary of state had served as
papal nuncio in Germany from 1917 to 1929. . . . The day after his election, the Berlin Morgenpost
said: The election of cardinal Pacelli is not accepted with favor in Germany because he was always
opposed to Nazism and practically determined the policies of the Vatican under his predecessor. quot;
[4]
Former Israeli diplomat and now Orthodox Jewish Rabbi Pinchas Lapide states that Pius XI quot;had
good reason to make Pacelli the architect of his anti Nazi policy. Of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Wrong Direction
Religion has convinced modern society to not only consider humanity s well being: what God wants
and our place in either Heaven or Hell in the afterlife (Sutter). Religion, even though there are billions
of followers, is based solely on what just a few important religious characters have said. For instance,
Islam was started by a man named Mohammed, who communicated with God and became a prophet.
Nobody saw him or the angel which visited Mohammed at this time, however, when Mohammed
came down from the mountain where he was praying, and began to spread the message, people who
had previously been polytheists converted to Mohammed s new religion: Islam. Over the course of
Mohammed s life, as depicted in the movie The Message , many ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The second purpose of religion is to instill hope, such as the concept of an afterlife. When a Christian
dies, others will believe that they will be able to see each other again when they die, based on the
concept that there is a Heaven, where all Christians go (given they prayed for forgiveness and didn t
commit any high level crimes, such as murder). However, if that person disobeyed the Christian rules,
that person will go to Hell, an eternal damnation. This specific element of religion is one of the main
reasons for joining a religion the hope of Heaven for Christians, and similar environments in other
religions. However, this isn t the only way the hope of religion is used. When a religious individual
prays, many times they will ask a favor of God, such as Please God, let me get an A on this paper , or
Please God, help me lose weight . This is where I personally begin to have problems rather than
focusing on achieving something personally, such as studying and working hard on a paper, or going
to the gym every day to lose weight, prayer is commonly used as a vehicle to hope that something will
come true with virtually no work put in. Another example of this hope is if one has a headache and
prays to God it will go away, there will be two outcomes: it goes away naturally, then God is
celebrated by the individual as their savior, or the headache persists and the individual believes that
God is simply testing one s faith. I would

Infectio Oral Temperature Analysis
Taking temperature is an integral part of patient care. It is one of the four vital signs and therefore is
an essential piece of information to obtain so that an effective diagnosis can be made, for this reason
the safety and accuracy of the measurement should be a high priority. Temperature is also considered
an essential in hospital observation policy and Early Warning Score (EWS). A normal temperature
ranges from 36.5oC to 37.2oC, however, normal body temperatures may vary due to many factors
such as physical activity, room temperature and eating (Fuzy, 2003). The areas used for effective
temperature measurement are as followed; mouth, rectum, armpit and ear, each require a different
thermometer and method (choose well, nd.). Safely using a thermometer is not just about using the
appropriate method but also about preventing the spread of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This method is normally performed on those aged five years and above in order to minimise the risk
of damaging the thermometer, and most importantly causing harm to the patient, due to them biting
down on the thermometer causing breakage. This was particularly dangerous when mercury
thermometers were regularly used because of the risk of heavy metal poisons; however as medicine
and technology have progressed the use of digital thermometers has become more common. Another
contraindication to be aware of whilst taking oral temperatures is that the patient must be able to
breathe through their nose, must not have consumed any food or fluids, smoked or be under oxygen
therapy as this may alter the results. This situation may be prevalent especially in A E departments
where long waits can occur as people may make use of vending machines and smoking areas. As
always before a procedure one must verify the patient s identity and ensure correct materials are being
used, for example, digital blue colour coded

The Dark Triad And Sexual Harassment
Section One: Summary and Analysis (Strength and Weaknesses) The article The Dark Triad and
sexual harassment proclivity consists of research that concerns the importance of individuals with
tendencies that engage in sexual behaviors. It s unfortunate that sexual harassment is even prevalent at
such a high rate within our society. Moreover, it state that 44% of female and 19% of male federal
employees report that they have been sexually harassed at work (United States Merit Systems
protection Board, 1995). Consequently, there are results of sexual harassment within the job sector
such as lack of job employment, lack of adjustment after the situations, and the like. Therefore,
according to the article, researchers began to expand their understanding of sexual harassment and the
causes of behavior that promote sexual harassment. More specifically, this article states ...Previous
research has established that these traits are connected with aspects of sexual aggression (e.g.
Figueredo, Gladden, Sisco, Patch, Jones, 2015, Jones Olderbak, 2014).
Therefore, two studies were conducted that connected the personality traits of The Dark Triad such as
narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism to situations or reasons behind sexual harassment
proclivity. One study focused on the positive associations of Dark Triad traits to sexual harassment.
The second study was similar to the first study result; however, it also revealed how Dark Triad traits
were connected to the

What Are The Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws according to Pilgrim, was more than a series of rigid anti Black laws. It was a way
of life. (V.) These laws happened everyday for blacks and it formed into a way of life for them. Often
time s these laws were completely unjust and made Blacks have to work a lot harder in life or struggle
to get by in life. For instance A Black male could not offer his hand with a White male because it
implied that they were socially equal (Pilgrim). That law in general is outrageous and shows how the
White people thought of blacks and wanted them to be on the bottom of the totem pole. There were
some reasons that these laws were put into place and enforced. One of these was because doctors said
that they were inferior to whites. Whites

Sissy s Aunt In A Tree Grows In Brooklyn
Judging a person solely on their looks discounts what is on the inside. In A Tree Grows in Brooklyn,
Sissy, the main character s aunt, is seen as flirtatious and selfish. If you don t know her you would
think she just acts like a flirt but, if you look closer you see how affectionate and caring she really is.
Many people see Sissy as a bad person. They describe her as wild as far as men [are] concerned
(Smith 42). Sissy has been married three times but has had countless flings including other men. This
happens between her marriages, and some while married. Sissy also has given birth to 10 kids. Each
child was stillborn. This left Sissy heartbroken after each death. Francie always has had a special place
in Sissy s heart. Sissy frequently

Social Media Networking Technologies
Social Media Networking Technologies Introduction The potential of social media to significantly
improve the performance of enterprises by accelerating collaboration, communication and creating a
greater level of knowledge sharing is seen across a myriad of commercial, educational and
government implementations. The intent of this analysis is to evaluate the use of two social
networking technologies that the university can use to accelerate and accentuate their learning objects.
The strengths and weaknesses of two social networking technologies are evaluated, in addition to an
analysis of how they will impact the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) of existing university
IT investment. Social Media and Networking Technologies Contribution to Education The
cornerstones of long term learning are autonomy, mastery and purpose. The use of electronic
scaffolding as a means to enable autonomy, mastery of learning programs in general and the use of
social media specifically shows significant pontifical for higher education institutions (Najjar, 2008).
The technologies chosen for the university are designed to allow for very precise scaffolding of
educational content while also allowing for rapid collaboration and communication across
departments and between students and instructors. The first social media platform is a campus wide
intranet that will give students the ability to collaborate and communication 24/7 with each other and
instructors, while also having a

Dov Charney s Struggle For Control Of American Apparel
Susan Berfield starts her article, Dov Charney s Sleazy Struggle for Control of American Apparel by
stating how Charney struggled to get his company back. She in her article hints that Charney was
aware that it was totally his fault for the downfall of his company American Apparel. She proves that
by stating evidence of Charney making excuse to get away from the conversation/interview with her
not once but multiple times. The evidence includes, Oh wait, got to take this , It s my mother, let me
take this, I apologize , and much more. Susan s articles focus is to find out who and what was it that
led to the downfall of American Apparel.
Being the CEO of a company, your personality does affect the business of the company. In this article,

Native American Medicine Essay examples
Native American Medicine
Native American medicine is based on widely held beliefs about healthy living, the repercussions of
disease producing behavior, and the spiritual principles that restore balance. Ken Bear Hawk Cohen
(Chrisman 1).
The beliefs that Cohen is referring to are shared by all North and South Native American tribes,
however, the methods of diagnosis as well as the treatments vary significantly. This is mainly due to
the fact that Native American medicine is based upon a spiritual view of life. A healthy person is
someone who has a sense of purpose and follows the guidance of the Great Spirit who represented the
central religious figure for most tribes (Chrisman 2). It is believed that someone is ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to heal a fractured, sprained or dislocated bone, the natives would form a padding of wet clay
or rawhide to form a cast around the injury. This restricted movement, thus allowing the bone to heal
properly. In another method, used by the Ojibwas, they washed the fractured arm with warm water,
then greased it, applied a warm poultice of wild ginger and spikenard to ease the pain, covered it with
cloth, and bound the arm with cedar splints (Vogel 215). This procedure resulted in a sling that
allowed the broken bone to heal correctly. When someone broke a bone, it was crucial that the bone be
able to heal properly as the injured person was needed to return to work as quickly as possible. Some
Native Americans often used specific drugs to suppress ovulation and control the menstrual cycle
(Vogel 5). This drug s success started researchers on the road that led to the pill, a common form of
birth control today. This demonstrates that many of the needs of the people of the past are similar to
the needs of the people today. In 1536, an Indian chief, Domagaia, treated an abundant disease, scurvy,
by boiling the leaves and bark of a magical tree and then placing the dregs upon the legs of the people
that had been exposed (Morsette 5).
They experienced success with this remedy due to the large amounts of vitamin C present in the

Weak Verbs
Throughout English s etymological progression many words have been created, utilized to their fullest
capability, and then forgotten. Some words, like affuage , which means the right to cut wood in a
forest for a family fire , simply have lost relevance in modern society. Other words have been replaced
with a more efficient word, such as fallaciloquence being replaced with flattery. Additional archaic
words still exist, however, usually only in idioms, as in the case of sleight of hand . Often miswritten
as slight of hand , sleight is a word of Middle English origin meaning sneaky or crafty . Very few
people today realize the common misnomer of the idiom, making sleight even rarer today. Verbs are
not excluded from annihilation either, as hundreds of verbs have either been eliminated from Modern
English or have transitioned into different forms and meanings. Some verbs, which originated as
strong verbs , irregular verbs which have past tense forms without the requirement of an ending, have
become weak verbs , or verbs that require endings like ed , en , or t . In earlier versions of English, the
language contained a higher prevalence of strong verbs compared to weak verbs. However, throughout
the centuries there has been a clear decline of strong verbs. Many strong verbs became weak verbs or
disappeared completely, as when the language developed and the number of English speakers grew,
many strong verbs became rigid in their uses, and the unpracticed,

Non Helpful Things Research Paper
The power of one has gone too far Many presidents have abused their power to do non helpful things
in the United States such as hiding secrets from the public and not telling us the truth. Should the
President have a minimum amount of power to run our country.
Those who disagree claim that the president should have all the power to make decision that are hard
to make even if his people don t agree.
These last few years we ve seen an unacceptable abuse of power at home, Obama said in an October
2007 speech. We ve paid a heavy price for having a president whose priority is expanding his own
power (qtd. By Kumar).
However, If the president has control over everything, then he would think that he has control over
everything in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the time the Watergate scandal forced Nixon to resign, the office was being weakened. Congress
passed the War Powers Act of 1973 to control the president s military powers; a year later, the
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act rejected the president s authority to withhold
spending. And the Supreme Court s decision in United States v. Nixon (1974) requiring him to turn
over the Watergate tapes to a special prosecutor put judicial teeth behind the truism that whatever his
powers the president was not above the law (Jost).
Also, many presidents have abused their presidential power when they serve their terms.
Congress and the supreme court think that the president and his followers have too much power. With
the power that they have they can hide anything that they do. They can hide things that they have done
during the wars that we have been in, or they hide secrets that they have found and decide not to tell
the public.
As a presidential candidate, then Sen. Obama of Illinois criticized Bush s unilateral military actions.
We ve paid a heavy price for having a president whose priority is expanding his own power, he said in
October 2007. Yet Obama continued and some say expanded many of the Bush programs, including
domestic surveillance and drone attacks

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Double Gate...
5.2 DOUBLE GATE FET : Double gate CMOS (DGCMOS) offers distinct advantages for scaling to
very short gate lengths. Fabrication of FinFET DGCMOS is very close to that of conventional CMOS
process, with only minor disruptions, offering the potential for a rapid deployment to manufacturing.
Planar product designs have been converted to FinFET DGCMOS without disruption to the physical
area, thereby demonstrating its compatibility with today s planar CMOS design methodology and
automation techniques. Double gate (DG) FETs, in which a second gate is added opposite the
traditional (first) gate, have better control over short channel effects [SCEs]. SCE limits the minimum
channel length at which an FET is electrically well behaved. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In shorted gate (SG) FinFETs, the two gates are connected together, leading to a three terminal device.
This can serve as a direct replacement for the conventional bulk CMOS devices. In independent gate
(IG) FinFETs, the top part of the gate is etched out, giving way to two independent gates. Because the
two independent gates can be controlled separately, IG mode FinFETs offer more design options as
shown in following figure.
Fig 6.2 : SG mode FinFET and IG mode FinFET
6.2 Threshold Voltage Control Through Multiple Supply Voltages for Power Efficient FinFET
Interconnects :
In modern circuits, interconnect efﬁciency is a central determinant of circuit efficiency. Moreover, as
the technology is scaled down, the importance of efficient interconnect design is increasing. FinFET
interconnect design can provide several new promising interconnect synthesis

The Fairy Tales Bear Negative And Repulsive Traits, Such...
The stepmother s in fairy tales bear negative and repulsive traits, such as vanity, jealousy and pride.
The character of the wicked stepmother has gained notoriety as one of the evilest villains found in
fairy tales, often set up as a foil to the innocent and virtuous stepdaughter whom she mistreats and
who ultimately gains victory over her. Combined with these traits are their knowledge of magic and
sorcery. Despite her knowledge of the supernatural, her beauty is a fading trait. Stepmothers are
comparable to wild animals and supernatural beings that treat children wickedly. In the past, the
stepmother s role was to replace the child s biological mother who had died. Many of these bad
examples are seen in such stories as Cinderella ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gilbert and Gubar argue that the stepmother in Snow White is indeed driven by want of an unfeminine
life of stories and story telling ; each of her three attempts on life become three tales or plots which
she invents, and through such subversive story telling , she attempts to control the narrative of her own
life.Therefore, through their overwhelming influence on the plot of the tales, these women show again
their strength and power and pit themselves against the fragile, passive heroines. Another way in
which the Brothers Grimm emphasize the evil nature of the stepmother is through her association with
witchcraft. The Brothers Grimm played a great part in contributing to the construction of the evil
stepmother character in fairy tales. Through the editorial changes they made, and their emphasis on
the monstrous, cruel and unnatural aspects of her character, they transformed the figure of the
stepmother into the ultimate fairy tale villain whose legacy continues to this day. , the stepmother has
also become a scapegoat, a terrifying figure who goes against all the expectations of women and
motherhood, but who is nevertheless herself a victim of the situation and the society she finds herself
in.
Most of the children literature deal with the fight between good and evil. with constantly supporting
the good characters we

Economic Factors That Affect Population Growth
A Discussion of the Economic Factors that Affect Population Growth in Dubai
This essay forms a discussion about the economic factors that affect population growth, in Dubai.
According to McGinley (2013), there are two factors that contribute to population growth: high birth
rates and immigration into a country. Births add more people to the country s total population, thus
increasing the total population. Deaths, on the other hand, reduce the population size, thus decreasing
the total population. Further, immigration adds to the population, but emigration reduces the total
population. This essay proceeds as follows. First, I outline the levels of the Demographic Transition
Model (DTM) and the factors that affect the birth and death rates. Second, I consider methods that
other country s (namely Germany and New Zealand) have established to control their total population.
Third, I devote attention to the status of Dubai s economy and how it has contributed to population
growth. Finally, I draw this essay to a conclusion, summing the discussion within.
A nation can experience a series of fluctuations in its total population. According to Barker et al.
(2008), the DTM is composed of five stages (the high fluctuating, early expanding, late expanding,
and low fluctuating and decline stage). The DTM model explains how birth and death rate changes
over time; these changes are entirely dependent upon economic development. For instance, death rates
drop rapidly as a country begins to

Nokia Case Study
Nokia Case Study
February 27, 2011
I. Introduction
This case study will examine the development and implementation of corporate strategy of the Nokia
Corporation. This case study will examine in particular recent events involving Nokia s cellular phone
business.
Nokia is a Finnish company that is the world s largest manufacturer of mobile devices. In addition,
Nokia offers communication services, software, as well as, phone and internet based content. Nokia
includes a network management segment called Nokia Siemens Networks which offers network based
products and services. This case study will focus primarily on the mobile device market.
II. Porter Five Force Analysis
Rivalry Among Existing Competitors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conversely, there is opportunity to use multiple vendors to product one type of component which
reduces supplier power.
Bargaining Power of Buyers
The bargaining power of the buyer is fairly high. There are many options with regard to mobile device
providers. In addition, service carriers, such as AT T, Sprint and Verizon are the entities that put the
various products before the end user. This requires that Nokia provide incentives to carriers. This is
particularly true in the United States where Nokia does not have as strong a presence as in Europe and
Asia (O Brien, 2009).
III. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis
Table 2: Nokia SWOT
|Strengths |Weaknesses |
|Strong brand reputation |Weak penetration in US market |
|Sizeable market |Aging product operating system |
|Opportunities |Threats |
|Partnerships and acquisitions |hyper competition |
|Growth of 3G and broadband demand |legal challenges from

The Sporting Goods Stores At Grand Forks Meet The Needs Of...
Opening Statement The sporting goods stores in Grand Forks meet the needs of their current target
market. We defined sporting goods stores as any store that sells athletic gear (spectator or participant),
and any store that carries hunting, fishing, and camping gear. The needs of the current target market
are defined as a product or service necessity that the customer is seeking.The greater Grand Forks area
currently has eight sporting good stores. The brick and mortar sporting good stores in Grand Forks
carry all core sports equipment that are played in the area such as hockey, baseball, basketball and
football as well as less sought after equipment such as men s volleyball shoes. Grand Forks brick and
mortar stores are only able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For our position we are viewing young families with children between the ages of 5 and 18 whom are
active in athletics and outdoors sports as our target market.Our customers locations are from Walhalla
to Hillsboro and Devil s Lake to Crookston. We believe these are great endpoints for our target market
because of their proximity to us and other major cities. Towns past Devil s Lake will travel to Minot
for their sporting needs and towns past Crookston will travel to Bemidji. Hillsboro is our cut off for
the southern border of our reach because anyone south of there will look to Fargo to fulfill their
sporting goods needs. Walhalla, near the border of North Dakota and Canada, is our northern reach
with the exception of many Winnipeg citizens traveling to Grand Forks for other needs and possibly
satisfying athletic gear needs as well while making the trip. The average age of a Grand Forks resident
is 29 years old.We want to try and target mainly the group of people that are involved in outdoor
activities and participate in sports, whether it be from the participant or spectator standpoint. The first
and most important reason for Grand Forks not having more sporting goods stores is due to the
already established stores that Grand Forks offers. When we looked within the greater Grand Forks
area, we had found eight other sporting goods stores. These sporting goods

The Choice Essay
Questions :
1) How does Ricardo explain Comparative Advantage?
2) What happened to Ed´s grandchild before trade?
3) What happened to Ed´s grandchild after trade?
Answers:
1)Ricardo explains Comparative Advantage in The Choice as followed:
Dave gives The Theory of Comparative Advantage a different name and calls it The Roundabout Way
to Wealth .(p.10) He says that this theory deals with the idea that even a nation which is relatively
poor at doing everything, still do some things relatively well. And a nation that is really good at many
things should still specialize in producing some items and import the rest .(p.10) Time is the ultimate
scarce resource. Investing time in doing something means having less time in doing ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was no big screen television or voice controlled computer. Just a math book, a pad of yellow
paper. (p.109) . Justin also wears thick glasses. Justin has an eye problem which couldn t be healed in
a world without free trade. But as Dave tells the reader, Justin is only wearing the glasses because the
people Upstairs made this happen. Justin normally doesn t wear glasses at all, he would have lost his
eyesight entirely .(p.110) The company Merck will only be able to develop the medicine Justin needed
in a world of free trade. Otherwise America would be too busy by doing everything for itself and there
wouldn t be enough people, machines, and land to go around to make everything as cheaply as could
be made under free trade. (p47)
3)In a world with trade is Justin seen doing his homework in front of a big screen television (p.25)
There is also a computer on a nearby desk. Everything is state of the art. But Justin still has problems
with his eyes. That s why his dad says that Justin had to watch his eyes and is not allowed to watch
television very long. Ed is concerned about Justins eyes. Dave tells him, that it isn t that worse and
that Justin takes a special medicine which will cure him. But America is only able to get this medicine
by free trade. America can only develop further if free trade is allowed. And every nation can only be
better off and becoming richer if it doesn t have trade

Paralysis in Dubliners Essay
In his letters, Joyce himself has said that Dubliners was meant to betray the soul of that hemiplegia or
paralysis which many consider a city (55). The paralysis he was talking about is the paralysis of
action. The characters in Dubliners exemplify paralysis of action in their inability to escape their lives.
In another of Joyce s writings, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young
Man, Joyce writes of Ireland: When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it
to hold it back from flight. You talk to me of nationality, language, religion. I shall try to fly by those
nets (Joyce 238). The characters of Dubliners face similar nets that prevent them from escaping their
lives. Unfortunately, their attempts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is in this way that his fear of failure keeps him paralyzed in his unhappy life. An additional example
of paralysis through indetermination comes in A Painful Case. In the story, Mr. Duffy pursues a
relationship with a woman he met at an event. For a time, this allows him to break from his
monotonous life. The problem is, the woman is married, and when the possibility of love comes in the
picture, out of fear Mr. Duffy decides to break off the relationship. This returns not only himself, but
the woman as well to the previous condition of paralysis and unchanging dullness of life. Another
common cause for paralysis would be bonds that tie the characters to the city and their dull lives,
preventing them from escaping. Nowhere it seems is this more evident than in Eveline, where the
main character attempts to break free of her life and escape across the sea with a sailor named Frank.
Yet at the end of the story, as she is about to leave, she changes her mind and does not board the ship
with Frank. She clings to the pier railing like a helpless animal as she watches him leave (Joyce 32).
This action was caused partly by fear or rather anxiety from facing a completely new and different
life, but much more influential was the bond that Eveline had to her family. Her promise made to her
dying mother to keep the home together as long as she could heavily weighs on her decision to stay
(Joyce 30).

The Growing Concerns And Uncertainties Over Joshua s...
The growing concerns and uncertainties over Joshua s leadership spiraled in Deuteronomy, and God
ordered Moses to encourage Joshua. The result is an abundance of inspiring texts that Joshua surely
needed (Angel, 2009):
Joshua son of Nun, who attends you, he shall enter it. Imbue him with strength, for he shall allot it to
Israel (Deuteronomy 1:38).
Give Joshua his instructions, and imbue him with strength and courage, for he shall go across at the
head of this people, and he shall allot to them the land that you may only see (Deuteronomy 3:28).
Then Moses called Joshua and said to him in the sight of all Israel: Be strong and resolute, for it is you
who shall go with this people into the land that the Lord swore to their fathers to give them, and it is
you who shall apportion it to them (Deuteronomy 31:7).
And He charged Joshua son of Nun: Be strong and resolute: for you shall bring the Israelites into the
land that I promised them on oath, and I will be with you (Deuteronomy 31:23).
These fears are carried over into the Book of Joshua. After Moses died, God encouraged Joshua to be
strong and resolute three times in four verses (Angel, 2009):
Be strong and resolute, for you shall apportion to this people the land that I swore to their fathers to
assign to them. But you must be very strong and resolute to observe faithfully all the Teaching that My
servant Moses enjoined upon you . . . . I charge you: Be strong and resolute; do not be terrified or
dismayed, for

Website Analysis Paper
INTRODUCTION
The level of usability of a website is determined by how simple it is for a visitor to use and explore a
website (Stokes, 2013, p. 95). Eataly is a company that sells Italian products online and in their
various locations which also feature restaurants and activities that all relate to Italian food and
products. The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of usability of the Eataly website and how
four specific design topics, navigation, search options, professionalism, and breadcrumbs, impact the
usability.
NAVIGATION/CONSISTENCY
The navigation of a website determines how site users move about the site and how they get to the
page that contains the information that they are seeking. (Stokes, 2013, p. 95). An example of ... Show
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The color scheme of the site is consistent across the site and is in line with the company s logo. The
site also doesn t have any features that would distract or intrude while using the site such as ads or
popups that ask for customer info. Another note is that links on the site that enable users to sign in or
check their order popup in an overlay of the current page when clicked instead of taking users to a
different page. An example of this is that when something is added to a shopping cart the site doesn t
force the user off the current page to go to the cart and the cart can also be viewed on any page
without leaving the current page.
BREADCRUMBS
A breadcrumb is a visual design element on websites, usually featured just below the header, that
shows users of the site where they are on the site and allows for them to be able to navigate the site
faster since it shows them previous page links (Domagalski, n.d.).
Breadcrumbs are utilized in the sites design on every page besides the home page. The breadcrumbs
are located right below the far left side of the sites header but are not sticky like the header. The usage
of breadcrumbs allows users of the site to quickly see which page they are located on and see which
pages led them to it and go back to those pages quickly. An example of this is on the delicate olive oil
page that shows the following breadcrumb: Home Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Christopher Nol An American Film Director, Screenwriter,...
Laksamana Riadi
Jeff Crum
Film 1
6 December 2015
CHRISTOPHER NOLAN
Christopher Nolan is considered an English American film director, screenwriter, and producer and
Auteur. Nolan is a man of talent who is known as one of the smartest, most creative, and successful
directors in the film industry today.He is widely recognized after his first successful feature movie
Following(1998),a noir thriller film.Which was recognized at a number of international film
festival.Common themes and actors can be seen throughout Christopher Nolan s films,he is also
famous at narrating the movie in a non linear way.In the next paragraph im going to discuss why
would i consider him as one of the best modern times auteur.
One of the qualification of being an auteur according to French New Wave film director and film critic
Francois Truffaut is that a good director exerts such a distinctive style or promotes such a consistent
theme that his or her influence is unmistakable in the body of his or her work. This statement,it s like
it s describing Christopher Nolan and his works, especially in the writing of his films and how he
creates a relatable world within his films and matches it with a completely unrealistic plot. For
example in his film, Inception he creates a real world in which the audience can completely relate to,
setting the bulk of the film in Paris. However the plot of the film ensures that the Parisian location is
set in a dream conscious state so it is not entirely relatable to

Advantages Of Participant Observation
Ng Wai Lung,John
4046650
CLB9018 3 1.What is participant observation and how it is deployed in ethnography?Elaborate on its
advantages and disadvantages Participant Observation is a method for collecting data in qualitative
research,such as ethnography ,seeking to obtain an in depth understanding and data of the research
subjects locating in particular selected field.The hypocrisy of sustaining the objectivity during the
process of ethnographic research has been under much more suspicion nowadays. It implies a
fundamental transformation from the preceding emphasis on the objectivity,carrying out the
observation as an outsider point of view. Contrary to the outsider approach applied in the traditional
ethnography,participant observation requires the observers to engage with and immerse themselves in
the field,in which fieldwork is being carried out.The observers would establish a relationship with the
informants and the research subjects while keep contacting over a period of time.The participant
observation involves not only observation,but also natural
conversations,interviews,questionnaires...etc. It is a research method for ethnography.The description
of the setting of the events during the process of observation tend ... Show more content on
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In order to figure out the notion of primitive culture,we have to realize the purpose of its

The Process Of Reading
The process of reading is made up of continuous rapid eye movements, called saccades intermingled
with brief pauses, called fixations, during which the eyes remain relatively still (Rayner, 1998).
During saccades, sensitivity to visual stimuli is reduced to allow the feeling of smooth reading; this
phenomenon is called saccadic suppression (Matin, 1974). This means that visual information is only
encoded during fixations, that usually occur once for each word (Holmqvist et al., 2011).
The study of basic eye movement measures, such as fixation duration and saccade length, has helped
researchers inferring theories about the mechanisms behind reading and comprehension. For example,
the mainstream model of reading, the E Z Reader model of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The majority of the research has used sentence reading to analyse the effects of word frequency on eye
movements (Inhoff Rayner, 1986; Kliegl et al., 2004; Rayner et al., 2004, Ashby , Rayner and Clifton,
2005) and has been successful in proving that HF words require shorter fixation times than LF words.
HF words are also generally more likely to be skipped. Probably due to these very consistent results,
research on frequency effect in text reading has been less common (Just and Carpenter, 2004; Miellet
et al., 2007; Whitford and Titone, 2014, 2017). Despite the fact that this area remained marginal, it
was still explored for many decades (McNamara, 2012), but only recently it started becoming more
rigorous, and involving more precise measures of reading, such as first fixation duration (the duration
of the first fixation on a word during the first pass), gaze duration (the summed duration of fixations
prior to exiting a word for the first time), skipping rate (the rate of leaving a word unfixated during the
first pass), and total reading time (the sum of the durations of all fixations and refixations on a word),
that are the measures commonly used in single sentence reading research (Kaakinen and Hyönä, 2005,
2007; Whitford and Titone, 2011, 2014, 2017). Before that, the main measure of text reading was time
on task, which does not provide detailed

Student Academic Code Of Conduct And This Assignment...
Faculty of Management MBA 506 Consulting Project Submitted to: Jim Swaffield Instructor, MBA
506 Submitted on: 24 August, 2015 Student Name: Paul Thomas Student ID: 577052772 Section: 71 I
have read the Student Academic Code of Conduct and this assignment complies with the Code Table
of Contents for the Project Page 1. Consulting Service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My consulting services not only help companies of private and public sector to improve their
efficiency and function effectively but also helps them to analyse situations themselves and solve the
problem/s if it occurs in the future. Hence as a consultant I will define the problem in a very
descriptive manner for the concerned party to understand the situation clearly and then dig in deep to
analyse and solve the issues and provide practical and professional recommendations to the client. My
mission is to solve problems for clients, help them boost their efficiency and thereby maximising
profits. I work alongside leading retailers to develop and implement customized solutions that address
today s challenges and tomorrow s opportunities. In the past 8 years, I have completed hundreds of
projects globally to help retailers tackle their top strategic, operational, financial and organizational
issues. As an expert I help associations to explain issues, make quality, augment development and
enhance business execution, additionally to help an association to build up any authority abilities that
it might be deficient. The procedure, structure, administration and operations of an association are
looked into. It is my obligation to distinguish choices for the association and propose proposals for
change, and advising on additional resources to execute solutions. The retail industry is undergoing a
transformation. Challenged by quickly updating

Descriptive Essay On The Hotel
It was a humid , dark, stormy night with a thick fog rolling into the street .I was on my way home
from a camping trip with my friend . When I was driving down a foggy road, my car started making a
ear piercing , booming noise , I then realised my car had broken down , I was stranded with no cell
service , only and half filled water bottle , and my camping luggage which wasn t very useful , other
than and forest there was an old rooting , tough looking , run down hotel that I thought would be
abandoned .
While waiting a few minutes in the car , I made my mind up to go to the hotel to see if any of the
doors were open in which to my surprise there was . I found the courage to open the door and go in , I
was astonished to see a old , scary, skinny boned man standing in the moonlit room behind a small
desk . To my surprise there were only two rooms left , I asked if I could get a room, he told me to sign
in ,then he gave me the key to room B13 . I was going up the creaking stairs when I heard a
mysterious noise coming from behind me , I instantly turned to see what was making the noise but
there was nothing there , as I continued up the stairs to my room , when heard that noise again as of
tree branches bristling against each other , I ignored the sound thinking, hoping for it to go away , but
it didn t stop. As I made my way through the hall to my door I saw a light coming from the room next
door I didn t think much of it at the time.
It was now past midnight and I was still

How Did Stalin Gain Power
Conversely, Stain s tendency to grasp opportunities and advance in situations was pivotal in
explaining his rise to power by 1929. Historian S, Phillips argues that Stalin was undoubtedly skillful
in using the circumstances that presented themselves in 1924 and opportunities that arose thereafter to
overcome his opponents in the party . This view supports the idea that Stalin used his political
shrewdness and skills to outwit his colleagues for the battle for power and positioned himself in
situations that he could benefit from and gain advantages which is an alternative factor to the Party
machine argument as the main reason for Stalin s dominance of power. It is correct to argue that Stalin
had begun to lay down the foundations of power during Lenin s latter years and used his powers
granted to him by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, this shows Stalin used his political skills to manipulate the situation to his advantage
suggesting that he was particularly cunning and wise. An example of this that supports the view of S.
Phillips was displayed at Lenin s funeral, where Stalin was able to strengthen his own position by
establishing his character as Lenin s most faithful disciple . Stalin s use of the funeral to align himself
to the Lenin legacy shows an example of his potential opportunism within the party, as claimed by
Tucker who stated that Stalin was not the only rival for power using Lenin s legacy to further his
career the others were as well, but Stalin was better at it . This view supports the argument of Phillips,
suggesting that Stalin s personal attributes and use of opportunism facilitated the consolidation of
power over his rivals. His use of the oration to present himself as chief mourner highlighted the
necessity to continue the works of Lenin by applying his essential ideas to Communist

The International Union Of Geological Sciences
Have we altered this planet for good? This question has stirred up a recent debate among
environmental scientists and geologists regarding what our current time period should be called. The
International Union of Geological Sciences claims that we are currently living in the Holocene epoch,
which initiated following the Earth s last ice age. According to some scientists, that statement is
obsolete. These other experts claim that Earth is a human dominated planet and that our actions rival
global geophysical processes. They have coined the term Anthropocene and have declared that our
planet has entered an entirely new epoch. The Anthropocene is regarded as the present time in which
our everyday actions have impacted the planet in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The term Anthropocene became environmental jargon when Nobel laureate and chemist, Paul Crutzen,
made the term prominent in the early 2000s. He debates that the matter of mankind s growing
influence on the planet means that scientists and engineers face a daunting task of guiding society
(Crutzen 2002). It s possible to set the starting point of the Anthropocene during the current Holocene
epoch. The concept is based off on the agricultural revolution. The use of agriculture as a means of
attaining food for the first civilized societies initiated a constant rise in carbon dioxide that has since
then changed Earth s natural climatic cycles. This potential base is controversial, though. The spread
of agriculture varied across locations and occurred at different times and an interval of time should be
recognizable on a global scale.
Numerous stratigraphers criticize the Anthropocene theory. They state that well defined evidence to
determine that we have entered a new epoch clearly isn t present yet. When you start naming geologic
time terms, you need to define what exactly the boundary is, where it appears in the rock strata, says
Whitney Autin, a stratigrapher (Colleen 2014). At this point, the critical question is indicating when
did we start to leave our signature on this planet. For example, the atomic era, has left traces of
radiation in several locations across the world, and that agriculture s signature in Europe can be
detected in the soils, as

History Of Opium In The Odyssey
Presently she cast a drug into the wine of which they drank to lull all pain and anger and bring
forgetfulness of every sorrow.
The Odyssey, Homer (Ninth century B.C.)
Opium is one of the greatest discoveries in the field of medicine the world has ever come across.
While its use dates to about 2100/3000 BC in Sumerian, the educated and controlled use of the drug
started in 1800s with the isolation of Morphine by Serturner. He named it Morphine after the Greek
God of dreams, Morpheus. Arab traders brought Opium and the recipe for its medical use to India and
China in eight century AD and it made its way from Asia Minor to all parts of Europe by thirteenth
century [1,2].
Papaver somniferum linn. is an annual herb with a solitary flower ... Show more content on
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in Plantae kingdom is as follows:
Kingdom Plantae Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta Seed plants
Division Magnoliophyta Flowering plants
Class Magnoliopsida Dicotyledons
Subclass Magnoliidae
Order Papaverales
Family Papaveraceae Poppy family
Genus Papaver L. poppy
Species Papaver somniferum L. opium poppy [6]
The dried exudate appears pale olive brown or olive gray in color with a coarse surface, and may be
covered with a thin coating consisting of poppy leave fragments, or with fruits of a species of Rumex
adhering from the packing. It tends to be plastic when fresh but becomes more dense and tough on
storage. Internally, it is reddish brown and coarsely granular. Microscopic examination of powdered
opium demonstrates the presence of amorphous latex masses, leaf and epicarp fragments, brown stone
cells, narrow spiral vessels or pieces of vessels, parenchyma, starch grains and refringent crystals.
1.3. Opium Alkaloids
1.3.1.

Comparing The Whole Truth And Nothing But The Truth
The Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth When a parent thinks about protecting their child, they
may not consider protecting their child from the invalid information that is being taught in schools
across the nation. There are many factors that go into publishing an academic textbook, but many of
these factors rely solely in the political roots of the publisher. Textbooks today aim to impress children
with vivid images and information that is easily understood and related to. Leaving out vital historical
information from a curriculum could harm a student severely in the long run. The thoughts and beliefs
that a person constructs are based on prior knowledge and personal experiences so leaving information
about the past is robbing a student the right to understand our country. Adjustments are certainly
needed to be made in the approach of teaching crucial historical information throughout the nations
classrooms. These adjustments would ensure that generations to come are not doomed to repeat the
mistakes made by past century political figures. This essay is sure to intrigue by deliberating the
skewed information covered in academic textbooks, the way Columbus is taught in schools, and the
deception of the severity of global climate change. Thinking about how people with power control the
potential knowledge of children in classrooms today could really leave a person wondering what other
skeletons the government has in their honorable closet.
Growing up, children are

In My Continuance On The Chosen Topic Of Superstitions
In my continuance on the chosen topic of Superstitions Worldwide, the myths and practices were
found in correlations and similarities shared with countries across the globe. In Part one of my last
research, I found a few myths that appears similar. However, though a few are commonly practiced as
of current, there is no scientific proof they are accurate. As stated, in my previous report, a recent
statistic states, that only 30% of people are not superstitious , thus I can assume that the rest of the
70% does, while others won t admit that they are in fact superstitious. Therefore, I will explore some
of the various myths and will allow the readers to draw their own conclusion. In addition, India, U.S.,
and China are the three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among the many villages in India, the practice of water being poured over a sheep s back , is
considered an acceptable good sign if the animal shivers. On the flip side, if the animal did not shiver,
the people would continue to pour water until it does to avoid the additional expense of a second
animal being killed. In addition, to the practice of the animal be a sacrifice, the goat would be
decorated by the Koravas people, then taken and place in front of shrine/idol. The final determination
for acceptance, should the body of the animal quivers it is observed as a confirmation. In any event, it
was not established the animal would be abundant and replace with a second animal for sacrifice. In
addition, another one of their practices is the use of cock at death ceremonies of the Idaiyans of
Coimbatore. In the sacrificial offering, a cock is tied to a post and rice is used as an offering. Also, at
the end, the thread is tied to the post and the other end with a new cloth. During the ceremony, the
thread is watched by the people if it shakes, and then broken . Once this has happened the cock is
killed and is considered a good omen if the cock is seen moving in adversely from left to right, as well
as other animals are seen looking from a far off with similar adverse movements is it considered a
good omen. I found within this culture it is hard to conclude whether their practices or superstitious
are religious, I would

Michael Flynn Research Paper
Elisabeth Hibbett ENG102 03 21 March 2017 The events leading to Michael Flynn s resignation have
sparked the attention of many Americans. Michael T. Flynn, known as national security adviser for
Donald Trump, resigned after being revealed to America that he was guilty for being deceptive to Vice
President, Mike Pence and other White House officials about conversations he held with Russian
ambassadors about American sanctions. As it is for any other crime, it is not the first offense, but the
devious covering of the crime that gets you into a bottomless pit. Attorney General Sally Yates
enlightened members of the White House in January 2017 that Flynn was in danger of Russian
blackmail. At the time of this, the White House took no action to this in regards to Yates being a
female ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many questions are still yet to be answered such as knowing if he has hired a lawyer, what laws he
broken if any, and where his life will be guided from this point out. Although Democrats and
Republicans are indifferent on the situation, I believe involving the Federal Bureau of Investigation to
help receive answers to questions that have still not been answered was the right decision. While Sally
Yates faced consequences, such as losing her job due to being a female and speaking up in warning
the house on Flynn being caught in a scheme that could cause blackmail, I can not help but wonder
who knew what at this time in the

Mis 589 Homework Questions Week 4 Essay
HOMEWORK QUESTIONS WEEK 4
3.) What are the parts of TCP/IP and what do they do? Who is the primary user of TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is the transport/network layer protocol we use on the internet. Many BN S, MAN s and WAN
s rely on it. This is because it is relatively efficient, and transmission has few errors. Any errors that
are found, are checked and so large files can be sent even in the most unsafe network and the data will
still be unchanged. TCP/IP is very compatible with a number of data link protocols as well.
The two parts of the TCP/IP are the: Transport Layer Protocol and the Network Layer Protocol aka
TCP and IP. TCP is what links the application layer to the network layer. It also helps by segmenting
the data, by breaking them down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* The network layer address is used primarily by network layer software. A web address is translated
into an IP address via a network layer protocol (in this case, IP used on the internet.) The IP address
translated can be 4 bytes long with IPv4 (e.g., 129.79.127.4), which is today s standard. The process
can be compared to looking up a name in a find book to find their phone number. * When it comes to
routing, the network layer; is what finds the data link layer address of the next corresponding
computer that the message has to be sent to. The easiest way to interpret this, is to look at it with
Ethernet software. For example, if the data link layer is run using Ethernet, the network layer IP
address would have to be translated into an Ethernet address so they can match and understand each
other. Ethernet addresses are six bytes in length. The following table below, shows a better picture of
the differences in software and addresses amongst the three. (Fitzgerald, 158)
FIGURE 5.6: Types of addresses Address | Example Software | Example Address | Application layer |
Web browser | www.kelley.indiana.edu | Network layer | Internet Protocol | 129.79.127.4 | Data link
layer | Ethernet | 00 0C 00 F5 03 5A |
8.) What is a subnet mask?
Subnet masks help the TCP/IP network determine what computers are on the same

Essay on Conrail Case
Perspective: Conrail shareholder.
1. Why does CSX want to buy Conrail? How much should CSX be willing to pay?
Some of the reasons why CSX wants to buy Conrail are, to increase the consolidation in the Railway
industry. Further consolidation typically means lower cost for the consolidators fx because economies
of scale and synergies and ....
A consolidation also results in lower competition inside the industry, which typically follows with
higher, or at least not lower, prices and therefore higher profit.
Another argument that is mentioned in the materials is that CSX want to do the merger, before another
company tries. CSX doesn t want Norfolk southern to get Conrail.
CSX is willing to pay $92.84 per share.
2. Analyze the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the material (Harvard Business School, 9 298 006, July 2005) tells, would CSX together with the
management and the employees trust control 35,5% for the shares, and therefore would they only need
14,6% to vote in favor of the opting out, so it would pass. Then afterward would it be possible for
CSX to acquire the additional 20,3 % due to the first tier second stage, and then could their proceed
with the back end offer for the remaining 60%. As mention earlier, because CSX choose to offer two
different prices to Conrails shareholders, were they required to do the first tier in two stages.
3. As a Conrail shareholder, would you tender your shares to CSX at $92.50 in the first stage offer?
Why or why not?
Consolidated Rail Case B
4. Why did Norfolk Southern make a hostile bid for Conrail?
Due to the (Harvard Business School, 9 298 095, May 2001) Norfolk Southern expresses its concern
about a merger between CSX and Conrail. It would have significant consequences on Norfolk
Southern way of doing business. They could be excluded from important markets. As a broker says
letting the CSX Contrail merger pass could mean the end of doing business for Norfolk Southern. We
believe that this is the main reason, but Norfolk Southern can also see synergies inform of both cost
savings and increasing revenues.
5. In a bidding war, what should each bidder be willing

History Channel Alone Research Paper
History Channels Alone: What Survival Items Were On the List? What Would You Choose? The
contestants on the History Channel s show Alone were allowed to choose 10 items form a supposed
secret list of 40 items. What isn t a secret however, were banned items such as matches, lighters, and
water filter and purification systems. Firearms were not allowed of course, and apparently the metal
pot size could not exceed 2Quarts. The maximum amount of Paracord/cordage was 20 meters (66
feet), and they were only allowed five pounds of emergency rations if they chose to carry rations. The
contestants could also carry a Gillnet but the size was restricted to 6 meters (19 feet). What Gear Made
It to the Woods? First, call it coincidence, fate, a mistake, or call it ... Show more content on
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Items not counted as part of the 10 allowed were bear spray, a pack, and an emergency flare (History
Channel, 2015). When you get to choose what to carry, but are limited on what you can carry, you
have to pick wisely. Shelter, fire, water, and food are your priorities. When you can carry a shelter
with you, you probably should, because it can save time and energy, both of which are always in short
supply in the wilds. You can add forest debris to harden the shelter, but having a tarp on hand means
you have a quick shelter for that first night that can be improved upon with your time. Fire starting
materials are important, as well as a metal pot to boil water in and to prepared food with. A sleeping
bag for cold weather, while heavy to carry would be considered an essential item in cold weather, if
you had the choice. A Bivy bag may not be essential because the contestants could have chosen a
ground cloth, or extra tarp that could act as a cover and the tarp/ground cloth would have multiples
uses. A sharpening stone is a good idea, and it takes up little space and no appreciable weight is

IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020 Band 9 Writing Task 2

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