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Referencing: 
IEEE Citation Style 
1
Overview 
1. What is referencing? 
2. Why is referencing important in a 
research paper? 
3. IEEE In-Text Citations 
4. IEEE Reference List 
2
Referencing 
• In-text citation 
An individual driver’s choice of speed has been found to be relatively 
stable over time [1,2]. However, there are large differences between 
drivers. These differences can be due to the influence of relatively 
stable factors such as age [3], gender [4] and personality [5] or 
transient factors such as impairment [6] and distraction [7]. 
• List of references 
[1] P. Watson, “Speed as a measure of driver risk: observed speeds 
versus driver and vehicle characteristics,” Accident Analysis & 
Prevention , vol. 16, 89-103, 2011. 
[2] G. McMuffin, “Blind spot”, Traffic Offences Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 2, 
7-15, 2012. 
[3] … 
[4] … 
3
Why is referencing important 
in a research paper? 
1. To acknowledge other people’s work 
2. To provide additional information 
3. To get serious attention 
4. To explain contribution 
4
Types of referencing 
1. Direct quotation 
2. Paraphrasing 
3. Summarising 
5
Direct quotation 
1. To reproduce part of the original text 
exactly, word for word. 
2. Placed in “…” 
3. Do not overuse them. 
4. Squared brackets for changes made 
(usually for clarity). 
e.g. Einstein once said, “If you can’t explain [an idea] to 
a six year old, you can’t understand it yourself”. 6
Paraphrasing 
1. Re-writing another person’s ideas using your 
own words. 
2. Demonstrates your understanding of what you 
have read. 
3. Do not change the meaning or drop important 
ideas. 
e.g. According to Einstein, to have a good grasp 
of a certain scientific concept is to be able 
to explain the concept to a curious child. 
7
Summarising 
1. A more concise/compact form of paraphrasing. 
2. Use only the most important or relevant 
information. 
3. Follow the same order of ideas. 
e.g. To test your understanding, try explaining it 
to a friend. 
8
Summaries and synthesis 
• An individual driver’s choice of speed has been found to be 
relatively stable over time [1, 2]. However, there are large 
differences between drivers. These differences can be due to 
the influence of relatively stable factors such as age [3], 
gender [4] and personality [5] or transient factors such as 
impairment [6] and distraction [7]. 
9
Abbreviations 
• Author 
• Use initials of given name followed by family name 
• Types of names: 
• Chinese Lee Kuan Yew ---- K. Y. Lee 
• Indian Sudhir Ramchandran ----S. Ramachandran 
• Malay Mahathir Bin Mohammad --- M. Mahathir/ M. Mohammad 
• Vietnamese Nguyen Thi Dieu ---- T. D. Nguyen 
• Western Thomas Harris ---- T. Harris 
• Periodicals 
• IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. ---- IEEE Transactions Software Engineering 
• IEEE Syst. J. ---- IEEE Systems Journal 
14

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Ieee referencing

  • 2. Overview 1. What is referencing? 2. Why is referencing important in a research paper? 3. IEEE In-Text Citations 4. IEEE Reference List 2
  • 3. Referencing • In-text citation An individual driver’s choice of speed has been found to be relatively stable over time [1,2]. However, there are large differences between drivers. These differences can be due to the influence of relatively stable factors such as age [3], gender [4] and personality [5] or transient factors such as impairment [6] and distraction [7]. • List of references [1] P. Watson, “Speed as a measure of driver risk: observed speeds versus driver and vehicle characteristics,” Accident Analysis & Prevention , vol. 16, 89-103, 2011. [2] G. McMuffin, “Blind spot”, Traffic Offences Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 2, 7-15, 2012. [3] … [4] … 3
  • 4. Why is referencing important in a research paper? 1. To acknowledge other people’s work 2. To provide additional information 3. To get serious attention 4. To explain contribution 4
  • 5. Types of referencing 1. Direct quotation 2. Paraphrasing 3. Summarising 5
  • 6. Direct quotation 1. To reproduce part of the original text exactly, word for word. 2. Placed in “…” 3. Do not overuse them. 4. Squared brackets for changes made (usually for clarity). e.g. Einstein once said, “If you can’t explain [an idea] to a six year old, you can’t understand it yourself”. 6
  • 7. Paraphrasing 1. Re-writing another person’s ideas using your own words. 2. Demonstrates your understanding of what you have read. 3. Do not change the meaning or drop important ideas. e.g. According to Einstein, to have a good grasp of a certain scientific concept is to be able to explain the concept to a curious child. 7
  • 8. Summarising 1. A more concise/compact form of paraphrasing. 2. Use only the most important or relevant information. 3. Follow the same order of ideas. e.g. To test your understanding, try explaining it to a friend. 8
  • 9. Summaries and synthesis • An individual driver’s choice of speed has been found to be relatively stable over time [1, 2]. However, there are large differences between drivers. These differences can be due to the influence of relatively stable factors such as age [3], gender [4] and personality [5] or transient factors such as impairment [6] and distraction [7]. 9
  • 10. Abbreviations • Author • Use initials of given name followed by family name • Types of names: • Chinese Lee Kuan Yew ---- K. Y. Lee • Indian Sudhir Ramchandran ----S. Ramachandran • Malay Mahathir Bin Mohammad --- M. Mahathir/ M. Mohammad • Vietnamese Nguyen Thi Dieu ---- T. D. Nguyen • Western Thomas Harris ---- T. Harris • Periodicals • IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. ---- IEEE Transactions Software Engineering • IEEE Syst. J. ---- IEEE Systems Journal 14