This document provides information on various aspects of researching and developing a research proposal. It defines what research is as collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to increase understanding. When selecting a research topic, the document advises considering clear variables, population, avoiding unnecessary words, and keeping the title under 12 words and 50 characters. Independent variables are causes and dependent variables are effects. Key words, conjunctions, and specifying a location can clarify research topics. A thesis presents original research and findings for a degree. A proposal outlines a research plan and approach. The background of a study provides historical, theoretical, conceptual, and contextual perspectives. Problem statements show a connection between variables and current issues. Research objectives and questions support the purpose and guide the study

1. What is Research?
 Research is the process of collecting, analyzing and
interpreting data in order to increase our understanding
of a phenomenon about which we are interested or
concerned (Leedy and Omrod, 2004)

2. CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC
 Selecting a research topic, it is important for a researcher to consider the
following issues:
 1- Each title has clear subject (IV) and object (DV).
 2. Each title must indicate clearly the target population (i.e. where the
study will be conducted).
 3. Title does not end with a period

3. CONT..
 4. A good title must summarize the main idea of the research.
 5. A good title must be fully explanatory when standing alone.
 6. a good title must avoid words that serve no purpose which increase length and
misleading
 7. Avoid using abbreviations in the title
 8. A title may not exceed 12 words and 50 characteristics

4. VARIABLES
• Independent variable: is variable whose effect is being measured
(cause)
• Dependent variable: is variable on whom effect is being observed
(effect).

5. Elements of Research Topic
 Key Words
There are many key words which the research uses so as to clarify
the meaning of the new research topics, include
• Positive research topics: the role, importance, significance
……ETC.
• Negative key word: The Effect, impact, influence… etc.
• The relationship: the relationship between.

6. Cont….

7. Cont…..
 Conjunction
These are the general conjunctions used by the researcher include:
Of, on, and, in, at, among , towards, etc
 Specific Area
A social science research topic should specify a case study on a
geo-political location e.g. Mogadishu, Jowhar, or the case also can
be University or Organization.

8. WHAT IS THESIS/DISSERTATION?
 A thesis is a document submitted in support of candidate for an
academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's
research and findings.
 The required complexity or quality of research of a thesis or dissertation
can vary by country, university, or program, and the required minimum
study period may thus vary significantly in duration

9. Contents of a Thesis
 Abstract
 Chapter One: Introduction
 Chapter Two: Literature Review
 Chapter Three: Research Framework & Methodology
 Chapter Four: Data presentation, analyze and interpretation.
 Chapter Five: Discussion & Conclusion
 Appendices

10. WHAT IS PROPOSAL?
• Is a statement in writing, spelling out ones intention of carrying out
a research in a given area.
• The proposal outlines the approach, strategy and techniques to be
followed when conducting research.

11. CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION

12. CONTENTS OF CHAPTER ONE
1) 1.0 introduction
2) 1.1 Background of the study
3) 1.2 Problem statement of the study
4) 1.3 Purpose of the Study
5) 1.4 Research objectives
6) 1.5 Research questions
7) 1.6 Scope of the study
8) 1.7 Significance of the Study
9) 1.8 Operational definitions of the study
10) 1.9 Conceptual framework of the study

13. Background of the study
 Background of the study is usually the initial section of the proposal and
it has Four main dimensions:
1)Historical dimension/Perspective
2)Theoretical dimension/Perspective
3)Conceptual dimension/Perspective
4)Contextual dimension/Perspective

14. Background of the study
 Background of the study is usually the initial section of the proposal and
it has Three main dimensions:
 The researcher should start the followings:
1)Global history (Universal)
2)Continental history (regional)
3)National history (Somalia)

15. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Ideal Situation
Show the connection between IV and DV.
Actual (Realistic/ current situation)
Talk about the current situation, actual problem, causes of that problem.
Gap (Consequences)
Talk about negative effects or the problem, consequences or results or outcomes
of the problem.

16. Purpose of the study/General Objective
The role of staff motivation on employee Performance; A
case study of Salam Bank Mogadishu Somalia.

17. Research objectives/Specific Objectives
Supporting statements for objectives
•To examine
•To establish
•To identify
•To determine
•To assess
•To evaluate
•To analyze

18. Research objectives/Specific Objectives
In this section we use different formats:
1.General format.
2.Many to one format.
3.One to many format.
And the 2nd one is recommended.

19. Research objectives/Specific Objectives
1. To examine the role of reward on employee performance; a
case study of Salam bank, Mogadishu Somalia.
2. To access the role of Bonus on employee performance; a
case study of Salam bank, Mogadishu Somalia.
3. To analyze the importance of promotion on employee
performance; a case study of Salam bank, Mogadishu
Somalia.

20. Research question
• To write research questions, a researcher simply states each
objective in question form and avoids questions that require
YES/NO answers.

21. Significance of the study
• It refers to the relevance of the study in terms of the academic
contribution and practical use that may be made of the findings.
Therefore, the significance of the study represents somehow as a
justification for carrying out the study.

22. Scope of the study
It describes the boundary of the study in terms of
Content
 geographical
time.

23. Operational Definition
• An operational definition provides the description of variables in
observable and measurable characteristics.

24. Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework summarizes the major
(dependent and independent) variables in your research
in a schematic diagram.

25. Conceptual Framework
Reward
Promotion
Bonus Employee performance
Independent variable(IV) Dependent variable(DV)

26. CHPATER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
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