Prevalence, occurrence and biochemical characterization of Xanthomonas campes...INNS PUBNET
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria the causal organism of bacterial spot in tomato results in heavy losses both in the form of quality and. In this study a survey was carried out to report the incidence of bacterial spot disease of tomato in district Swat. We reported maximum disease incidence in tehsil Kabal (71.66%), followed by Charbagh (61.66%) and Barikot (58.33%). For resistant screening a total of 13 tomato germplasms were screened against the disease. The foliar severity ranged from 3.33% to 73.33%, while severity for fruits was ranged from 18.33% to 30.66%. In case of phenotypic data the highest numbers of fruits obtained were 34, plant height 79.5cm and fruit weight was 470 grams/ten tomatoes. While the lowest average numbers of fruits were 6.67, plant height 45.7cm and fruit weight recorded was 215.67 grams/ten tomatoes. Line 1288 showed highest level of resistance followed by Red-stone. However, line 9708 showed highest susceptibility when exposed to artificial inoculation. Our study showed that bacterial spot is a major issue in some part of Pakistan and germplasm screening are linked to increased host resistance and could offer an important contribution to future integrated bacterial spot management programs.
Ethical and bio-safety issues related to GM cropsMahammed Faizan
a seminar presentation on ethical and bio-safety issues related GM crops.
impact of gm crops on human, animal and environmental health.
safety measure related transgenic crops.
international governmental bodies
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tube...Premier Publishers
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) used as fresh products and commercially processed foods such as French fries and chips.The objective of the experiment was to assess the nature and magnitude of variability in potato genotypes for tuber quality, yield and yield-related traits. Twenty four potato genotypes were evaluated at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2017. The results of the analysis of variance indicated there was highly significant differences among the genotypes for all traits excepted peel content. The phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation ranged between 0.90 to 46.43% and 0.75 to 40.0%. Heritability in the broad sense (H2) and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM) ranged from 38.13 to 91.64% and 1.28 to 73.50%. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for shoot dry mass weight, average tuber number, average tuber weight, unmarketable tuber yield, small size tuber and large size tubers. Therefore, selection for these characters would be effective for the emerging processing industry and could be selected as parents for future crossing program in Ethiopia.
Prevalence, occurrence and biochemical characterization of Xanthomonas campes...INNS PUBNET
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria the causal organism of bacterial spot in tomato results in heavy losses both in the form of quality and. In this study a survey was carried out to report the incidence of bacterial spot disease of tomato in district Swat. We reported maximum disease incidence in tehsil Kabal (71.66%), followed by Charbagh (61.66%) and Barikot (58.33%). For resistant screening a total of 13 tomato germplasms were screened against the disease. The foliar severity ranged from 3.33% to 73.33%, while severity for fruits was ranged from 18.33% to 30.66%. In case of phenotypic data the highest numbers of fruits obtained were 34, plant height 79.5cm and fruit weight was 470 grams/ten tomatoes. While the lowest average numbers of fruits were 6.67, plant height 45.7cm and fruit weight recorded was 215.67 grams/ten tomatoes. Line 1288 showed highest level of resistance followed by Red-stone. However, line 9708 showed highest susceptibility when exposed to artificial inoculation. Our study showed that bacterial spot is a major issue in some part of Pakistan and germplasm screening are linked to increased host resistance and could offer an important contribution to future integrated bacterial spot management programs.
Ethical and bio-safety issues related to GM cropsMahammed Faizan
a seminar presentation on ethical and bio-safety issues related GM crops.
impact of gm crops on human, animal and environmental health.
safety measure related transgenic crops.
international governmental bodies
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tube...Premier Publishers
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) used as fresh products and commercially processed foods such as French fries and chips.The objective of the experiment was to assess the nature and magnitude of variability in potato genotypes for tuber quality, yield and yield-related traits. Twenty four potato genotypes were evaluated at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2017. The results of the analysis of variance indicated there was highly significant differences among the genotypes for all traits excepted peel content. The phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation ranged between 0.90 to 46.43% and 0.75 to 40.0%. Heritability in the broad sense (H2) and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM) ranged from 38.13 to 91.64% and 1.28 to 73.50%. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for shoot dry mass weight, average tuber number, average tuber weight, unmarketable tuber yield, small size tuber and large size tubers. Therefore, selection for these characters would be effective for the emerging processing industry and could be selected as parents for future crossing program in Ethiopia.
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis of karnal bunt resistance in ...Innspub Net
Karnal bunt (KB) disease is one of the most important challenges posed on of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry of Pakistan because of itsinclusionin quarantine list around the globe. This disease is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica M. (Neovossia indica). It affects the grain quality of wheat and hampers its movement in international market resulting in economic losses. Presence of >3% infected grains in wheat lot makes it unsuitable for human consumption. Eradication of this disease is very difficult as no resistant cultivar has been found against KB in Pakistan so far. Genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a set of 199 wheat germplasm collected from Pakistan. In this study 31,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were developed by 90K SNP array technology. A linear mixed model in GWAS, accounting for population structure, was fitted to identify significant genomic regions [-log(P) ≥ 4.0] on 6 different chromosomes i.e. 1A, 1D, 2D, 3B, 4A, 5A with novel loci. Candidate genes, through wheat genome assembly, were identified as putative genes related to KB resistance including kinase like protein family. The results of this study can be useful in wheat breeding through marker assisted selection for KB resistant varieties.
Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called Food. With the huge increasing population of the world, food production from natural resources could not meet their needs. So researchers move to produce more food using molecular-level techniques. This type of food is called genetically modified food (GM food), whose genetic material has been altered which is not present already in nature. GM food is made to increase nutrient content by alternation, has many advantages for humans as it increases the nutritional content and formation of pest, drought, herbicide, and cold resistant plants. But at the same time, it has negative impacts also. It is genetically unsafe, causing organ damage and allergic reactions in the digestive tract. The researchers are trying to do their best to produce crops with their desired characteristics by using molecular-level techniques.
Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called Food. With the huge increasing population of the world, food production from natural resources could not meet their needs. So researchers move to produce more food using molecular-level techniques. This type of food is called genetically modified food (GM food), whose genetic material has been altered which is not present already in nature. GM food is made to increase nutrient content by alternation, has many advantages for humans as it increases the nutritional content and formation of pest, drought, herbicide, and cold resistant plants. But at the same time, it has negative impacts also. It is genetically unsafe, causing organ damage and allergic reactions in the digestive tract. The researchers are trying to do their best to produce crops with their desired characteristics by using molecular-level techniques.
Presentation from the International Life Sciences Institute, India - "Scientific Workshop on Safety Assessment of GM Foods" held on 14-15 October, 2015 in New Delhi, India
CD Genomics is dedicated to providing a comprehensive list of genomics and microarray solutions for agriculture, including genome, exome, transcriptome, and metagenome sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and targeted sequencing and genotyping that focus on a subset of regions or genes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). https://www.cd-genomics.com/Transcriptomics.html
Genomic aided selection for crop improvementtanvic2
In last Several years novel genetic and genomics approaches are expended. Genetics and genomics have greatly enhanced our understanding of the structural and functional aspects of plant genomes.
DNA as a Biomaterial in Diagnosis of Food Adulteration and Food Safety Assura...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
DNA as a Biomaterial in Diagnosis of Food Adulteration and Food Safety Assurance by Manikandan M* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Incidence and toxigenicity of fungi contaminating sorghum from NigeriaPremier Publishers
Each Agro ecological zone was transversely delineated into 5 districts and five villages (at least 20 Km from each other) called “locations” were selected in each district. In each district, Sorghum grains in stores, bunches in the field and sorghum grains in the market were sampled from five locations, each approximately 20 km from the previous sampling location. The mycological analytical procedures were performed under aseptic condition. Plates were counted for fungal colonies using a colony counter and the number of fungal colonies per gram of sample was calculated as CFU/g. The fungi species were isolated and subsequently identified using MEA/CYA media for Aspergillus and Penicillium species and PDA for the fusarium species Toxigenicity studies on strains representing species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium was carried out to determine their ability to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); aflatoxin B2 (AFB2); aflatoxin G1 (AFG1); aflatoxin G2 (AFG2); OTA, ZEN, DON and FB1. A total of 701 isolates were recorded which consist of 67 confirmed fungal strains. Aspergillus species formed the majority with 346(49.6%) followed by the Fusarium species with 186(26.7%) then Penicillium species with 102(14.6%) while others such as Cuvularia, Phoma, Alternaria, Rhizormucor constitutes 67 (9.0% )strains of the total population.
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis of karnal bunt resistance in ...Innspub Net
Karnal bunt (KB) disease is one of the most important challenges posed on of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry of Pakistan because of itsinclusionin quarantine list around the globe. This disease is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica M. (Neovossia indica). It affects the grain quality of wheat and hampers its movement in international market resulting in economic losses. Presence of >3% infected grains in wheat lot makes it unsuitable for human consumption. Eradication of this disease is very difficult as no resistant cultivar has been found against KB in Pakistan so far. Genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a set of 199 wheat germplasm collected from Pakistan. In this study 31,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were developed by 90K SNP array technology. A linear mixed model in GWAS, accounting for population structure, was fitted to identify significant genomic regions [-log(P) ≥ 4.0] on 6 different chromosomes i.e. 1A, 1D, 2D, 3B, 4A, 5A with novel loci. Candidate genes, through wheat genome assembly, were identified as putative genes related to KB resistance including kinase like protein family. The results of this study can be useful in wheat breeding through marker assisted selection for KB resistant varieties.
Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called Food. With the huge increasing population of the world, food production from natural resources could not meet their needs. So researchers move to produce more food using molecular-level techniques. This type of food is called genetically modified food (GM food), whose genetic material has been altered which is not present already in nature. GM food is made to increase nutrient content by alternation, has many advantages for humans as it increases the nutritional content and formation of pest, drought, herbicide, and cold resistant plants. But at the same time, it has negative impacts also. It is genetically unsafe, causing organ damage and allergic reactions in the digestive tract. The researchers are trying to do their best to produce crops with their desired characteristics by using molecular-level techniques.
Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called Food. With the huge increasing population of the world, food production from natural resources could not meet their needs. So researchers move to produce more food using molecular-level techniques. This type of food is called genetically modified food (GM food), whose genetic material has been altered which is not present already in nature. GM food is made to increase nutrient content by alternation, has many advantages for humans as it increases the nutritional content and formation of pest, drought, herbicide, and cold resistant plants. But at the same time, it has negative impacts also. It is genetically unsafe, causing organ damage and allergic reactions in the digestive tract. The researchers are trying to do their best to produce crops with their desired characteristics by using molecular-level techniques.
Presentation from the International Life Sciences Institute, India - "Scientific Workshop on Safety Assessment of GM Foods" held on 14-15 October, 2015 in New Delhi, India
CD Genomics is dedicated to providing a comprehensive list of genomics and microarray solutions for agriculture, including genome, exome, transcriptome, and metagenome sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and targeted sequencing and genotyping that focus on a subset of regions or genes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). https://www.cd-genomics.com/Transcriptomics.html
Genomic aided selection for crop improvementtanvic2
In last Several years novel genetic and genomics approaches are expended. Genetics and genomics have greatly enhanced our understanding of the structural and functional aspects of plant genomes.
DNA as a Biomaterial in Diagnosis of Food Adulteration and Food Safety Assura...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
DNA as a Biomaterial in Diagnosis of Food Adulteration and Food Safety Assurance by Manikandan M* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Incidence and toxigenicity of fungi contaminating sorghum from NigeriaPremier Publishers
Each Agro ecological zone was transversely delineated into 5 districts and five villages (at least 20 Km from each other) called “locations” were selected in each district. In each district, Sorghum grains in stores, bunches in the field and sorghum grains in the market were sampled from five locations, each approximately 20 km from the previous sampling location. The mycological analytical procedures were performed under aseptic condition. Plates were counted for fungal colonies using a colony counter and the number of fungal colonies per gram of sample was calculated as CFU/g. The fungi species were isolated and subsequently identified using MEA/CYA media for Aspergillus and Penicillium species and PDA for the fusarium species Toxigenicity studies on strains representing species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium was carried out to determine their ability to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); aflatoxin B2 (AFB2); aflatoxin G1 (AFG1); aflatoxin G2 (AFG2); OTA, ZEN, DON and FB1. A total of 701 isolates were recorded which consist of 67 confirmed fungal strains. Aspergillus species formed the majority with 346(49.6%) followed by the Fusarium species with 186(26.7%) then Penicillium species with 102(14.6%) while others such as Cuvularia, Phoma, Alternaria, Rhizormucor constitutes 67 (9.0% )strains of the total population.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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292
1. Introduction
The use of advanced methods of genetic engineering in agriculture has led to an increase in the production
of genetically modified crops and food products made from them, an increase in production efficiency,
including an increase in yield and fertility, an increase in nutritional value, an improvement in the appearance
and safety of products, resistance to adverse environmental factors, which can be of great importance for
ensuring food security of the growing world population, especially developing countries such as the Republic
of Tajikistan. However, the use of complex molecular genetics technologies for their creation, which in fact are
nanobiotechnology manners that used today to obtain genetically modified organisms, are not yet perfect,
which causes a number of risks arising from the creation and use of such organisms (Mahdewi and Banjarani,
2020; Chaghakaboodi et al., 2021; Zeidali et al., 2021b; Haghshenas and Ghanbari, 2021).
To increase the productivity of agricultural crops, using genetic engineering methods (for example,
transgenesis), plants are given new improved qualities and properties; facilitate the process of processing raw
materials, etc. Such transgenic plants (or GM plants, GMOs) are obtained by introducing foreign genetic
information into the genome of the recipient plant. It should be noted that the presence of transgenic constructs
in the genome can lead to unpredictable changes in the composition of nucleic acids and the balance of gene
expression, as a result of which the following can increase in transgenic cultures: toxicity and allergenicity; the
danger of becoming a harmful weed; manifest biological aggressiveness (displacement of valuable and rare
aboriginal species by them or the loss of the latter as a result of contamination with genes transferred from a
transgenic plant); toxic effects on non-target species (for example, bees, butterflies, ants, ground beetles, etc.),
accumulation of toxins of transgenic plants in soil and water, and other adverse effects on the environment
(Parrott, 2010; Saini et al., 2020). Transgenic crops (GM crops) are grown in open ground and interact with the
environment, are a product that is consumed by humans, animals, or used as raw materials for the production
of food and feed. Therefore, the use of genetically modified crops raises questions about food safety, potential
risks of GM crops for the environment and human health (Anklam et al., 2002; Farokhian et al., 2021; Bakhshi et
al., 2021; Zeidali et al., 2021a).
In Tajikistan, control over imported crops and food is mainly concerned with the determination of nutrients
and the presence of fungal toxins, without taking into account possible genetic manipulation. As a result, there
are few reports and information about the existence of GM crops, feed, and food containing genetically
modified sources (GMOs), their impact on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to
identify and identify genetically modified sources in food of plant origin, such as potatoes, corn and tomatoes,
sold in the domestic food market for planning follow-up activities to assess the risk of GM crops to the
environment, agro- and biodiversity.
2. Material and methods
Depending on the type of genetically modified sources, three methods of GMO identification are used. The
first involves the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which transgenic DNA is identified. The second
method is based on detection by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), in which the modified protein
is identified, and the third is the determination of enzymatic activity, in which a change in the chemical
composition of the product is identified (Chiueh et al., 2001; Deisingh and Badrie, 2005). PCR methods are
widely applicable and can be applied to unprocessed and heavily processed foods.
There are two types of PCR for detecting GMO content: qualitative PCR analysis, which is able to confirm
the existence of GMO using gel electrophoresis (Common PCR) and real-time PCR (q-Real time PCR), which
can be used to quantify its amount. Real-time PCR has been applied to characterize many crops such as corn,
soybeans, and GM potatoes (Chiueh et al., 2001). The method for the determination of GMOs provided by the
European standard is based on the identification of recombinant DNA using the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) method followed by electrophoresis and staining of the amplification products. The identification of the
35S promoter and the NOS terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a so-called "screening method" for
3. Cent Asian J Environ Sci Technol Innov 6 (2020) 291-297 Sabzalievich et al.,
293
identifying foods from GM plants. The use of the 35S promoter and the NOS terminator as target sequences
allows the detection of most food products from genetically modified sources, since these regulatory elements
are currently present in almost all genetically modified plants that are allowed practically all over the world.
Plant material of agricultural crops was used as the test samples: potatoes - three varieties, one of them is of
local origin, two other samples of potatoes, as well as two varieties of corn and one variety of tomato, imported
from selected countries of East and South Asia. All these samples were purchased on the capital market, from
the seeds of which DNA was isolated and the detection and identification of GM sources was carried out
(Cardarelli et al., 2005). Extraction of genomic DNA was carried out according to the method: DNA extraction
kit for deep processed food product Cat. No: DP326, TIANGEN Biotech (Beijing) CO. LTD. DNA extraction and
purification were performed from the test samples based on the complexity of their composition and
technological process. DNA samples generally contain ingredients that act as inhibitors of the PCR reaction,
such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other compounds that can interfere with DNA extraction
or even degrade DNA quality. Qualitative determination of DNA was carried out on PCR equipment in real
time for all samples in order to detect a DNA fragment corresponding to genomic DNA. The primers and
probes used in this study, together with their target group in the studied DNA, are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.Regulatory sequences of transgenic inserts: the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and the
NOS terminator from A. tumefaciens.
Genes
identification
Sequence of primers Sequence of probes
(fluorescence)
Notes
CaMV35S F:5’-CGACAGTGGTCCCAAAGA-3’ P:5’-FAM-
TGGACCCCCACCCACGA
GGAGCATC-BHQ1-3’
Screening and detection
of transgenic maize,
tomatoes
R:5’-
AAGACGTGGTTGGAACGTCTTC-3’
NOS F:5’-ATCGTTCAAACATTTGGCA-3’ P:5’-FAM-
CATCGCAAGACCGGCAA
CAGG-BHQ1-3’
Screening and detection
of transgenic maize,
tomato and potato
R:5’-ATTGCGGGACTCTAATCATA-3’
PCR was performed on Rotor-Gene Q equipment in a volume of 20 μl for 7 samples, including standard and
negative samples containing 90 μl 2 × SuperRealPreMix (SYBR Green Probe), 5.4 μl Forward Primer (10 μM), 5.4 μl
Reverse Primer (10 μM), 3.6 μl fluorescence probe (10 μM), 7 μl isolated DNA and 66 μl nuclease-free water. Table 2
shows the conditions for real-time PCR (time / temperature profiles) used for each pair of primers.
Table 2. Relevant conditions and technical parameters for real-time PCR.
Pairs of primers Stage Cycle Temperature
(°C)
Time Step Collecting
signals
CaMV35S-F
CaMV35S-R.
NOS – F
NOS – R
Initial denaturation 1х 95 15мин Initial denaturation none
PCR 40х 95 3 с denaturation none
60 20-32 с Annealing yes
Two pairs of primers were used to detect genetic modification in the test samples. The sequences of pairs of
oligonucleotide primers and their target groups are shown in Table 1. A pair of primers CaMV35S-F / CaMV35S-R
was used to detect the CaMV35S promoter gene. The NOS - F / NOS - R primer pair was used to detect the NOS
promoter gene, which increases resistance to fungal and bacterial infections in genetically modified potatoes.
3. Results and Discussion
One of the most widely used general purpose constitutive promoters in plant genetic engineering is the
CaMV35S promoter. It is responsible for the transcription of the entire genome of the cauliflower mosaic virus.
4. Sabzalievich et al., Cent Asian J Environ Sci Technol Innov 6 (2020) 291-297
294
This is a very strong promoter that provides a high level of gene expression in the tissues of dicotyledonous
plants. Constitutive promoters such as CaMV35S are actively and successfully used in experimental studies to
assess the expression of transferred genes in a large number of plant species. In Fig. 1 shows the results of
detecting the CaMV35S promoter sequence in imported potato, corn and tomato samples. Studies have shown
that all samples contain the CaMV35S promoter sequence, which is consistent with the results obtained by
Elsanhoty (Elsanhoty et al., 2002; Elsanhoty, 2004).
No. Color Name Type Ct Ct Comment Given Conc
(Copies)
Calc Conc
(Copies)
1 p Positive
Control
26,33
2 n Negative
Control
3 Potato
(foreign)
Unknown 22,80
4 Tomato
(foreign)
Unknown 17,95
5 Corn
(foreign)
Unknown 20,96
Fig. 1. Kinetic curves of the DNA of the amplified CaMV35S gene in potatoes, corn and tomatoes obtained on a
Rotor-Gene Q device.
Studies have been carried out to detect the NOS gene in potato samples of local and Russian origin. The
results showed that these samples do not contain the NOS terminator gene (Fig. 2).
5. Cent Asian J Environ Sci Technol Innov 6 (2020) 291-297 Sabzalievich et al.,
295
No. Color Name Type Ct Ct Comment Given Conc
(Copies)
CalcConc
(Copies)
1 p Positive
Control
25,40
2 n Negative
Control
3 Potato, NOS gene
(Tajik origin)
Unknown
4 Potato, NOS gene
(Russian origin)
Unknown
Fig. 2. Kinetic curves of the DNA amplified terminator gene NOS in potatoes.
The specificity of the selected primers and probe was investigated by real-time PCR on DNA samples
isolated from GM potatoes, maize, and tomatoes. An increase in the fluorescence signal was observed in the
reaction with DNA samples isolated from agricultural crops from far abroad. For potato samples of local and
Russian origin, no increase in the fluorescence signal was observed, which confirms the high specificity of the
selected primers and the PCR probe (Collonnier et al., 2005).The results of the work showed that genetically
modified sources were found in the studied samples of potatoes, maize and tomatoes imported from certain
countries of East and South Asia and sold in the Tajik food market.
4. Conclusion
The analysis of the results showed that 80% of the studied samples gave a positive result for genetic
modification in the CaMV35S promoter gene. Only 20% of the studied potato samples (of local and Russian
origin) do not contain the NOS terminator gene. These test systems allow detecting GM crops imported and
sold on the local food market, and also significantly expand the range of detectable GMO lines industrially
grown in the world. Based on the study of methodological approaches and the use of these test systems,
evidence was obtained (sensitivity, specificity and detection limit), which makes it possible to recommend this
method for screening control of GMOs.
Also, these results will be further used to assess the risk of GM crops for the environment, bio- and
agrobiodiversity, and will also be taken into account when working to improve legislation and control in the
field of GMO biosafety. Of course, the future development of mankind is unthinkable without the latest genetic
engineering technologies. Problems such as providing mankind with food, alternative bioenergy resources,
6. Sabzalievich et al., Cent Asian J Environ Sci Technol Innov 6 (2020) 291-297
296
combating various types of pollution, bioremediation and reclamation of disturbed ecosystems can and will
certainly be solved using nanobiotechnology, including those related to the production of GMOs. However,
genetic engineering activities can carry serious risks that must be able to assess and eliminate. While these risks
exist, certain biosafety measures need to be applied.
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