Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) used as fresh products and commercially processed foods such as French fries and chips.The objective of the experiment was to assess the nature and magnitude of variability in potato genotypes for tuber quality, yield and yield-related traits. Twenty four potato genotypes were evaluated at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2017. The results of the analysis of variance indicated there was highly significant differences among the genotypes for all traits excepted peel content. The phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation ranged between 0.90 to 46.43% and 0.75 to 40.0%. Heritability in the broad sense (H2) and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM) ranged from 38.13 to 91.64% and 1.28 to 73.50%. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for shoot dry mass weight, average tuber number, average tuber weight, unmarketable tuber yield, small size tuber and large size tubers. Therefore, selection for these characters would be effective for the emerging processing industry and could be selected as parents for future crossing program in Ethiopia.
Genetic Variability and Multivariate Analysis in Indigenous and Exotic Sesame...Premier Publishers
The productivity of sesame in Ethiopia is below the world average due to lack of high yielding improved varieties. Understanding of genetic variability of characters becomes essential. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the
extent of genetic variation among yield and 19 yield components. One hundred sesame genotypes were evaluated in 10x10 triple lattice design at Werer during 2017 and 2018. The combined analysis of variance showed that the genotypes differed significantly. Higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for shattering resistance, whereas plant height, number of capsules per plant, harvest index and seed yield showed medium values. High heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance were observed for shattering resistance, plant height, capsule per plant, harvest
index and seed yield. The present study revealed that to increase sesame seed yield, the genotypes should possess a
greater number of capsules, shattering resistance and high harvest index, which known to be important yield contributing
characters and selection based on these characters would be most effective. The D2 analysis exhibited the group of
genotypes into seven clusters. Assessment of sesame genetic resources with molecular markers assisted breeding should be
considered in the future.
Diversity of sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench) germplasm from tanzaniaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated 98 sorghum genotypes from Tanzania for morphological diversity. The genotypes showed significant phenotypic variation for traits like days to flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, and 1000 seed weight. Accession MCSR T29 was the earliest to flower at 64 days while MCSR T80 was the latest at 86 days. MCSR T71 had the highest yield of 114.6 g/panicle and MCSR T10 had the lowest at 10.3 g/panicle. Most genotypes had brown grains but MCSR T90 had the heaviest 1000 seeds at 55.2 g. The study found diversity among the Tanzanian sorghum
Cassava (mannihot esculenta cranz) varieties and harvesting stages influenced...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of harvesting stages on yield and yield components of 10 cassava genotypes in Ethiopia over two growing seasons. The highest fresh root yield of 23.06 t/ha was obtained after 18 months of planting. Yield and components such as root weight and number of branches differed significantly across stages for all varieties. Harvesting at 18 months provided desirable yields while 15 months was suitable for vegetative propagation material. Correlations showed that plant height, branches, root length and dry weight positively influenced fresh root yield. Therefore, 18 months after planting is recommended for fresh root harvesting under these conditions.
Correlation and path analysis for genetic divergence of morphological and fib...Innspub Net
Seventy five genotypes of cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were studied for morphological characteristics i-e plant height, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, boll weight, seed volume, seed density, seed index and fiber characters. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and estimates were made for genetic advance, broad sense heritability and coefficient of variance for the traits. ANOVA revealed highly significant variability among genotypes for all the characteristics studied. The estimates for heritability were
higher for seed index (0.93) and plant height (0.93). The highest value (6.4) for genetic advance was observed for
sympodial branches whereas lowest value was (0.17) for boll weight. Correlation analysis revealed positive and significant for most of the parameters. In path coefficient, the number of sympodial branches, boll weight, lint index and lint weight had maximum direct and positive effect on fiber fineness of seed cotton. Whereas, the number of monopodial branches, plant height, seed index, seed volume, seed density, staple length, fiber strength and ginning out turn (G.O.T%) had direct and negative effects on fiber of seed cotton. The principle component analysis (PCA) revealed significant differences between genotypes and the first four components with Eigen
values greater than 1 contributed 66.68% of the variability among the genotypes. The grouping of genotypes
possessing excelled traits signifies genetic potential of the germplasm for the improvement of seed and fiber characteristics in cotton crop. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Correlation and Path analysis studies among yield and yield related traits in...Premier Publishers
The16 Soybean genotypes were evaluated for Association of characters and path coefficient analysis on eleven important yield and grain yield contributing characters at Bako Tibe during the main cropping season of 2015/16. The experiment was designed as RCBD with three- replication. Generally, the magnitudes of genotypic correlation coefficients for most of the characters were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients that indicate the presence of inherent association among various characters. In this study yield was positively correlated with hundred seed weight, number of seed/pod and number of pod per plant so, increasing these traits ultimately increases in grain yield and days to maturity can be exploited through improvement and selection program. Based on findings it can be concluded that pod length, number of pod /plant, biological yield, grain yield and days to maturity can be exploited through selection and improvement program to develop high yielding soybean genotypes.
Genetic control and heterosis depend directly on genetic divergence among the parents in generating promising hybrids
required by plant breeders. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of heterosis, combining
abilities, regression and correlation estimates in order to develop hybrid cultivars in maize. The 28 F1 hybrids obtained by
partial diallel cross of 8 inbreds in a randomized complete block design were evaluated at the Lower Niger River Basin
Authority, Oke-Oyi, Nigeria in three years. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) produced significant (P
< 0.01) effects for all the characters, while non-additive genetic effects were predominant. The levels of heterosis for grain
yield varied widely among crosses, ranging from -16.83 to 9.76%. Positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic
correlations among grain yield and some related characters (days to anthesis and silking; plant and ear heights; number of
ears plant-1 and 1000 seed weight) showed that each character could be used indirectly to selection of grain yield. These
results also indicated that SCA was more effective than heterosis for describing hybrid performance. The regression of
actual hybrid characters on the expected hybrid characters, based on parental GCA values, was highly significant.
Regression analysis also showed that all the agronomic characters jointly contributed 19.4% to grain yield of maize. The
inbreds (Pop 66 SR and 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4) and crosses (Pop 66 SR x, 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4, Pop 66 SR x KU1409
and 9006 x KU1409) featured prominently with respect to better GCA × Year and SCA × Year effects with high heterotic
values for maize grain yield and associated characters. These inbreds could serve as donors to obtain early and short
statured hybrids with higher yield, while the crosses may be exploited and adapted to the Nigerian Savannas. This study
also affirmed that genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients as well as combining abilities, heterosis and regression
analyses were found to be suitable models for yield improvement in maize breeding.
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in sixteen maize genotypes in relation to drought tolerance. The experimental set up was subjected to drought stress after five weeks of planting for three weeks before data on morphological and yield characters of maize genotypes were obtained for three cropping years. Plant height and grain yield of Bodija yellow maize were the highest overall. There was a significant difference among genotypes for drought stress resistance and Bodija yellow maize showed the most tolerance, while TZBR Comp 1 – C1 S2 510 genotype was the least. First principal component axis (Prin 1) had the highest contribution to the variation of the morphological, yield and drought tolerance traits. Prin 1 was highly related to the morphological and yield characters more than to the drought resistance. Plant height was negatively and strongly correlated (p<0.01) with stem height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width and week after planting, but negatively correlated with the drought resistance. Therefore, Bodija yellow maize should be considered as parent material in breeding for the development of drought tolerant traits in maize.
Correlation and path coefficients analysis studies among yield and yield rela...Premier Publishers
The study was carried out to estimate correlation coefficients among grain yield and yield related traits and work out direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield using path- coefficient analysis. Sixty-six F1 crosses and two standard checks were evaluated at Mechara, Ethiopia. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to entries and crosses were highly significant (p<0.01)><0.05) for most traits studied, indicating the existence of variability among the materials evaluated, which could be exploited for the improvement of respective traits. Grain yield showed positive and highly significant correlations with most traits at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Ear diameter and number of kernels per row exerted positive direct effect and also had positive association with grain yield. These traits could be used as a reliable indicator in indirect selection for higher grain yield since their direct effect and association with grain yield were positive at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Traits having strong relationship with grain yield can be used for indirect selection to improve grain yield because grain yield can be simultaneously improved along with the traits for which it showed strong relationship.
Genetic Variability and Multivariate Analysis in Indigenous and Exotic Sesame...Premier Publishers
The productivity of sesame in Ethiopia is below the world average due to lack of high yielding improved varieties. Understanding of genetic variability of characters becomes essential. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the
extent of genetic variation among yield and 19 yield components. One hundred sesame genotypes were evaluated in 10x10 triple lattice design at Werer during 2017 and 2018. The combined analysis of variance showed that the genotypes differed significantly. Higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for shattering resistance, whereas plant height, number of capsules per plant, harvest index and seed yield showed medium values. High heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance were observed for shattering resistance, plant height, capsule per plant, harvest
index and seed yield. The present study revealed that to increase sesame seed yield, the genotypes should possess a
greater number of capsules, shattering resistance and high harvest index, which known to be important yield contributing
characters and selection based on these characters would be most effective. The D2 analysis exhibited the group of
genotypes into seven clusters. Assessment of sesame genetic resources with molecular markers assisted breeding should be
considered in the future.
Diversity of sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench) germplasm from tanzaniaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated 98 sorghum genotypes from Tanzania for morphological diversity. The genotypes showed significant phenotypic variation for traits like days to flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, and 1000 seed weight. Accession MCSR T29 was the earliest to flower at 64 days while MCSR T80 was the latest at 86 days. MCSR T71 had the highest yield of 114.6 g/panicle and MCSR T10 had the lowest at 10.3 g/panicle. Most genotypes had brown grains but MCSR T90 had the heaviest 1000 seeds at 55.2 g. The study found diversity among the Tanzanian sorghum
Cassava (mannihot esculenta cranz) varieties and harvesting stages influenced...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of harvesting stages on yield and yield components of 10 cassava genotypes in Ethiopia over two growing seasons. The highest fresh root yield of 23.06 t/ha was obtained after 18 months of planting. Yield and components such as root weight and number of branches differed significantly across stages for all varieties. Harvesting at 18 months provided desirable yields while 15 months was suitable for vegetative propagation material. Correlations showed that plant height, branches, root length and dry weight positively influenced fresh root yield. Therefore, 18 months after planting is recommended for fresh root harvesting under these conditions.
Correlation and path analysis for genetic divergence of morphological and fib...Innspub Net
Seventy five genotypes of cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were studied for morphological characteristics i-e plant height, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, boll weight, seed volume, seed density, seed index and fiber characters. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and estimates were made for genetic advance, broad sense heritability and coefficient of variance for the traits. ANOVA revealed highly significant variability among genotypes for all the characteristics studied. The estimates for heritability were
higher for seed index (0.93) and plant height (0.93). The highest value (6.4) for genetic advance was observed for
sympodial branches whereas lowest value was (0.17) for boll weight. Correlation analysis revealed positive and significant for most of the parameters. In path coefficient, the number of sympodial branches, boll weight, lint index and lint weight had maximum direct and positive effect on fiber fineness of seed cotton. Whereas, the number of monopodial branches, plant height, seed index, seed volume, seed density, staple length, fiber strength and ginning out turn (G.O.T%) had direct and negative effects on fiber of seed cotton. The principle component analysis (PCA) revealed significant differences between genotypes and the first four components with Eigen
values greater than 1 contributed 66.68% of the variability among the genotypes. The grouping of genotypes
possessing excelled traits signifies genetic potential of the germplasm for the improvement of seed and fiber characteristics in cotton crop. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Correlation and Path analysis studies among yield and yield related traits in...Premier Publishers
The16 Soybean genotypes were evaluated for Association of characters and path coefficient analysis on eleven important yield and grain yield contributing characters at Bako Tibe during the main cropping season of 2015/16. The experiment was designed as RCBD with three- replication. Generally, the magnitudes of genotypic correlation coefficients for most of the characters were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients that indicate the presence of inherent association among various characters. In this study yield was positively correlated with hundred seed weight, number of seed/pod and number of pod per plant so, increasing these traits ultimately increases in grain yield and days to maturity can be exploited through improvement and selection program. Based on findings it can be concluded that pod length, number of pod /plant, biological yield, grain yield and days to maturity can be exploited through selection and improvement program to develop high yielding soybean genotypes.
Genetic control and heterosis depend directly on genetic divergence among the parents in generating promising hybrids
required by plant breeders. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of heterosis, combining
abilities, regression and correlation estimates in order to develop hybrid cultivars in maize. The 28 F1 hybrids obtained by
partial diallel cross of 8 inbreds in a randomized complete block design were evaluated at the Lower Niger River Basin
Authority, Oke-Oyi, Nigeria in three years. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) produced significant (P
< 0.01) effects for all the characters, while non-additive genetic effects were predominant. The levels of heterosis for grain
yield varied widely among crosses, ranging from -16.83 to 9.76%. Positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic
correlations among grain yield and some related characters (days to anthesis and silking; plant and ear heights; number of
ears plant-1 and 1000 seed weight) showed that each character could be used indirectly to selection of grain yield. These
results also indicated that SCA was more effective than heterosis for describing hybrid performance. The regression of
actual hybrid characters on the expected hybrid characters, based on parental GCA values, was highly significant.
Regression analysis also showed that all the agronomic characters jointly contributed 19.4% to grain yield of maize. The
inbreds (Pop 66 SR and 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4) and crosses (Pop 66 SR x, 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4, Pop 66 SR x KU1409
and 9006 x KU1409) featured prominently with respect to better GCA × Year and SCA × Year effects with high heterotic
values for maize grain yield and associated characters. These inbreds could serve as donors to obtain early and short
statured hybrids with higher yield, while the crosses may be exploited and adapted to the Nigerian Savannas. This study
also affirmed that genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients as well as combining abilities, heterosis and regression
analyses were found to be suitable models for yield improvement in maize breeding.
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in sixteen maize genotypes in relation to drought tolerance. The experimental set up was subjected to drought stress after five weeks of planting for three weeks before data on morphological and yield characters of maize genotypes were obtained for three cropping years. Plant height and grain yield of Bodija yellow maize were the highest overall. There was a significant difference among genotypes for drought stress resistance and Bodija yellow maize showed the most tolerance, while TZBR Comp 1 – C1 S2 510 genotype was the least. First principal component axis (Prin 1) had the highest contribution to the variation of the morphological, yield and drought tolerance traits. Prin 1 was highly related to the morphological and yield characters more than to the drought resistance. Plant height was negatively and strongly correlated (p<0.01) with stem height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width and week after planting, but negatively correlated with the drought resistance. Therefore, Bodija yellow maize should be considered as parent material in breeding for the development of drought tolerant traits in maize.
Correlation and path coefficients analysis studies among yield and yield rela...Premier Publishers
The study was carried out to estimate correlation coefficients among grain yield and yield related traits and work out direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield using path- coefficient analysis. Sixty-six F1 crosses and two standard checks were evaluated at Mechara, Ethiopia. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to entries and crosses were highly significant (p<0.01)><0.05) for most traits studied, indicating the existence of variability among the materials evaluated, which could be exploited for the improvement of respective traits. Grain yield showed positive and highly significant correlations with most traits at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Ear diameter and number of kernels per row exerted positive direct effect and also had positive association with grain yield. These traits could be used as a reliable indicator in indirect selection for higher grain yield since their direct effect and association with grain yield were positive at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Traits having strong relationship with grain yield can be used for indirect selection to improve grain yield because grain yield can be simultaneously improved along with the traits for which it showed strong relationship.
Genetic Variability and Morphological Diversity among Open-Pollinated Maize (...Premier Publishers
A study to characterize and determine the magnitude of genetic variation among 60 open-pollinated maize varieties was conducted at two contrasting locations in Sierra Leone during the 2015 wet cropping season. Results revealed that traits such as grain moisture content, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears harvested, field weight and grain yield showed moderate to high values of the components of genetic variation while days to 50% anthesis and silking revealed low values of the components of genetic variation. The first two PCA axes explained 54% of the total variation, of which the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 35% and PC2 contributed 19% of the total variation. The cluster diagram grouped the genotypes into seven main clusters and results suggest that crosses involving clusters I and V with any other clusters would produce segregants with low grain yields while the crosses between clusters IV, VI and VII would be expected to manifest higher heterosis and could result in segregants with higher grain yields. There was significant genetic variability observed among the genotypes evaluated thereby suggest the scope to bring about traits improvement of genotypes through direct selection and hybridization.
Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor for malnourishment in the Sub-Saharan Africa, and adoption should be intensified where resource poor farmers cannot afford N fertilizer and drought on maize at grain filling stage is frequent. This study compares the quality index, protein, tryptophan and lysine contents of normal extra-early drought-tolerant and their quality protein maize hybrids under sub-optimal and optimal soil N conditions. Four normal drought-tolerant and their respective QPM hybrids were planted under no (0 kg N ha-1), low (30 kg N ha-1) and optimal (90 kg N ha-1) fertilizations at Oke Oyi, Ilorin in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with the N rates as main plot and the eight cultivars as sub-plots. Each plot within N levels was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The normal cultivars outyielded the QPM versions across N rates with no significance difference. There is a linear increase in all protein qualities with increase in N rates among QPM, while normal maize counterparts had a linear decline with increase in N fertilization. The QPM cultivars also maintained their endosperm protein qualities across N rates. Across N environments, the grain quality characters, such as crude protein, tryptophan, and lysine contents in grain, showed a significant negative relationship with grain yields, which were relatively much stronger under low-N stress. 99TY, TYEEC4, 99TYQ and 20SYNEEWQ have viable traits that could be explored for the development of maize varieties with good grain yield and better protein qualities to improve protein availability in maize based diets and feed for large population of man and livestock.
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Heritabiliy studies in some sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor. l. moench) genotypesAlexander Decker
This study estimated heritability in 30 genotypes of sweet sorghum. It found high heritability (>69%) for 8 traits including plant height, number of nodes, number of leaves, grain yield, and sugar content, indicating these traits are strongly influenced by genotype. Moderate heritability (55.9%) was observed for 1000 grain weight. Low heritability (1.5%) was observed for head weight. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were also calculated, with sugar content, grain yield, and plant height showing high GCV (>22%), indicating good potential to respond to selection.
Analysis of genetic diversity among the different wheat (Triticum aestivum L....Jiban Shrestha
This document analyzes the genetic diversity among 41 wheat genotypes through cluster and principal component analysis based on various agronomic traits. The genotypes were clustered into 4 groups. Cluster 4 and 2 had genotypes with desirable traits like high yield, effective tillers, grain size etc. Cluster 3 had genotypes with late maturity and lower yield. Based on the analysis, genotypes HD 1982 and Pitic 62 were identified as high yielding and suitable for the terai region of Nepal. Principal component analysis supported the cluster analysis results.
Genetic Progress for Yield, Yield Components and Other Agronomic Characters o...Premier Publishers
Genetic progress has brought about increase in yield potential per se for almost all production areas around the world. The present study examines the relationship of groundnut yield with year of release, yield components and other agro-morphological traits using aggregative data from 1976 to 2012 to calculate genetic gain in groundnut grain yield across four locations in Eastern Ethiopia. The direct method, that compares cultivars with their year of release, was used. The relative gain for groundnut grain yield was 1.08% since 1976. A deeper understanding of these issues facilitates the identification of specific yield-limiting factors that can be used for future breeding strategies. Grain yield, 100 seed weight, plant height and harvest index were significantly correlated with year of release for tested locations, emphasizing the most promising traits for groundnut breeders in the past. These traits were also responsible for the significant genetic progress in groundnut yield in Ethiopia since 1976. Further improvement in the yield potential of groundnut will have to involve increase in other traits, like pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, that have shown significant positive correlation with grain yield.
Development of drought tolerant maize cultivars is prerequisite to achieving stable grain yield in
drought–prone ecologies of Nigeria’s Guinea savanna. However, success has been limited mainly due
to lack of maize genotypes that show clear differences in response to well defined moisture deficit
condition. Two sets of drought tolerant (DT) maize germplasm were evaluated under screenhouse and
field conditions between 1999 and 2002. In the screenhouse study, performances of the genotypes
were compared under well-watered condition and moisture deficit imposed at different growth stages.
Under field conditions, the first set comprising 11 accessions along with a check were evaluated for 4
growing seasons while the second set which comprised 3 DT varieties were evaluated along with 2
check varieties using monthly plantings between April and August of 2001 and 2002, respectively. In
the first set, post anthesis moisture deficit significantly reduced grain yield by 25 to 73.5% in the open
pollinated varieties (OPVs) and by 20 to 64% in the hybrids. Grain yield under field conditions ranged
from 2.48 to 3.49, 2.82 to 3.73 and 3.58 to 4.76 tons/ha-1 for 1999, 2000 and 2001 full growing seasons,
respectively, and 2.03 to 2.50 tons/ha-1 for 2000 late growing season. In the second set, pre and post
anthesis moisture deficits reduced grain yield by 77.6 and 95.8%, respectively, of well watered
condition while in the field, grain yields in the genotypes were highest for plantings made in April and
July (1.90 - 2.5 t/ha), lowest for August (0.7 -1.8 t/ha) when moisture deficit coincided with
reproductive phase. Yield stability exhibited under moisture deficit and on the field by 8522-2, Oba
super 2 and AK9943-DMRSR in the first set as well as DT-SR-Y C0 and DT-SR-W C0 in the second set,
indicates their suitability either as cultivars per se or as potential source of DT alleles for
development of DT maize varieties for Nigeria’s savanna ecologies.
A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two
hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2)
and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization
was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three
nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots.
Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all
characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain
yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of
optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes
respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1.
Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly
significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in
grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and
2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era
(0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf
chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer
N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the kill curves and responses of diploid and tetraploid cotton species to two mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and gamma rays (γ-rays). Four genotypes from each of three cotton species (Gossypium arboreum, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum) were treated with varying concentrations of EMS and doses of γ-rays. The results showed significant interactions between species, genotypes, mutagens, and treatment levels for traits like germination, plant height, branching, bolls per plant, boll weight, and lint yield. Optimal mutagenic doses were calculated based on survival rates
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Evaluation of Effect of Storage Period on Bulk density of Stored Grain Maize ...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted in 2017/18 for the evaluation of effect of storage period on bulk density of stored maize grains. The experiment was replicated three times in randomized complete block designs. The treatments were three storage types (Gombisa, sack and Hermetic bag and storage periods (initial loading day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) months. All the data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the PROC GLM procedure and difference among means were compared by the least significant difference (LSD). The correlation between parameters was examined using Pearson ‘s correlation coefficient using PROC CORR procedure of the SAS software. The result showed significant different (P<0.05) among storage periods and high bulk density 704.3 Kg/m3 was recorded in the initial first two months of storage whereas, the minimum 556.4 Kg/m3 value was obtained in 6 months. The bulk density values in each storage exhibited significant reduction as the storage periods increased reaching down to 523.3 kg/m,3 for Gombisa and 573.0 Kg/m3 for Sack and Hermetic bag at the last six months of storage periods. From this study, it can be concluded that until the fourth months of storage the grains have better bulk density and also Hermetic bag storage showed better result throughout the storage periods.
Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis among Yield and Yield Related Trait...Premier Publishers
Twenty-two upland rice varieties were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 cropping season at Pawe Northwestern Ethiopia to estimate association among grain yield and yield related traits and partition the correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects. The analysis of variance showed significant (p < 0.01) differences for all traits except harvest index indicating the existence of variability. Correlation analysis of grain yield showed positive and significant associations with fertile tiller per plant (rg=0.792), biomass yield (rg=0.789), and plant height (rg=0.684) at genotypic level indicating that simultaneous improvement for these traits is possible. The path coefficient revealed that biomass yield, fertile tiller per plant and plant height exerted favorable direct effects on grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height, days to 85% maturity, fertile tillers per plant and thousand-grain weight supported the direct contribution of biomass yield to grain yield. The present investigations indicated that grain yield per plot was influenced by biomass yield, fertile tiller per plant, and plant height.
Estimate of Genetic Variability Parameters among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea ...Premier Publishers
Sixteen groundnut genotypes (including local check) were evaluated for quantitative parameters. The crop was sown during 2015 wet season in Ethiopia across four locations. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Twelve quantitative parameters were studied. The analysis of variance revealed the prevalence of significant difference among the genotypes for all studied parameters. Based on mean performance of genotypes Beha gudo, Manipeter and Werer-962 were found to be best for grain yield in kg/ha. High to moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were exhibited by all characters except for SHP and NSP indicating that those characters could be used as selection indices for crop improvement. High heritability was observed for 100SW (91.2%), AGBP (90.3%), NBP (90.2%), PH (89.4%), NMP (86.8%), NSPOD (85.7%), HI (83.7%) and KY (79.7%) accompanied by high genetic advance indicating the predominant role of additive gene action and the possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of groundnut genotypes based on these characters. Low broad sense heritability and low genetic advance was observed only for SHP and NSP indicating low genetic potentials for these characters and non-additive gene effect prevails.
Study of genetic variability in germplasm of common bread wheatYANKEY BHUTIA
This thesis presentation summarizes research on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. The study analyzed 11 wheat genotypes and 2 checks across 15 agronomic traits over 3 replications in a randomized block design. Results showed significant genetic variability among genotypes for traits like plant height, spike length, peduncle length, number of tillers, biological yield, and grain yield. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for peduncle length and biological yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for peduncle length and number of tillers per plant, indicating potential for selection.
Breeding for Dual purpose in sorghum. Effect of harvest options and genotypes...Maarouf Mohammed
This document evaluates the performance of dual-purpose sorghum genotypes under different harvest options in Sudan. A study was conducted across seasons to test genotypes for fodder and grain yield when harvested at different stages. The results showed that genotype performance varied significantly depending on the harvest option and season. When harvesting the main crop for forage and the ratoon crop for grain, the cultivar Abjaro performed best in winter, while S.25Abu70 performed best in summer. When harvesting both grain and stover from the main crop, either Abjaro or S.25Abu70 could be recommended depending on farmer preferences for yield or earliness. Overall, the study found that different genotypes and harvest options are needed
Genetic variability and heritability studies on bread wheatNirmal Parde
The study evaluated 30 wheat genotypes over the 2007-2008 Rabi season in Allahabad, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between genotypes for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were moderate to high for tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, and biological yield per plant. Heritability was highest for plant height, days to flowering, straw yield per plant, grains per spike, test weight, and grain yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for plant height, straw yield, and harvest index, suggesting a good amount of additive genetic variability for improving these traits through selection.
Standard heterosis of pipeline maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for grain yield an...Premier Publishers
The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the pipeline maize hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. The standard heterosis ranged from -38.72 to 33.65%and the highest heterosis was recorded for CML395/CML202//CML464 cross. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids.
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and character associations of 49 Ethiopian mustard landraces. The study found significant genetic variability among the accessions for all traits measured. Traits like seed yield, oil yield, and plant height showed high genotypic and phenotypic variation, indicating potential for selection. Heritability was highest for thousand seed weight, days to flowering, stand percent, and oil quality traits. Positive correlations were found between seed yield and traits like oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. Primary branches and oil yield showed direct positive effects on seed yield per plot. Seed yield, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were determined to be
Evaluation of Advanced Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Clones for High Tuber yi...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that evaluated seven advanced potato clones and three nationally released potato varieties over three years at four locations in Ethiopia for their suitability for processing into French fries and crisps. The clones were evaluated for yield, dry matter content, specific gravity, and frying suitability. The highest yielding clones were CIP-398190.404 and CIP-391058.175, which also had good dry matter content, specific gravity, and frying suitability. CIP-391058.175 was selected as the first processing variety in Ethiopia based on its overall performance. The study aims to identify varieties suitable for the growing potato processing industry in Ethiopia.
Genetic Variability and Morphological Diversity among Open-Pollinated Maize (...Premier Publishers
A study to characterize and determine the magnitude of genetic variation among 60 open-pollinated maize varieties was conducted at two contrasting locations in Sierra Leone during the 2015 wet cropping season. Results revealed that traits such as grain moisture content, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears harvested, field weight and grain yield showed moderate to high values of the components of genetic variation while days to 50% anthesis and silking revealed low values of the components of genetic variation. The first two PCA axes explained 54% of the total variation, of which the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 35% and PC2 contributed 19% of the total variation. The cluster diagram grouped the genotypes into seven main clusters and results suggest that crosses involving clusters I and V with any other clusters would produce segregants with low grain yields while the crosses between clusters IV, VI and VII would be expected to manifest higher heterosis and could result in segregants with higher grain yields. There was significant genetic variability observed among the genotypes evaluated thereby suggest the scope to bring about traits improvement of genotypes through direct selection and hybridization.
Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor for malnourishment in the Sub-Saharan Africa, and adoption should be intensified where resource poor farmers cannot afford N fertilizer and drought on maize at grain filling stage is frequent. This study compares the quality index, protein, tryptophan and lysine contents of normal extra-early drought-tolerant and their quality protein maize hybrids under sub-optimal and optimal soil N conditions. Four normal drought-tolerant and their respective QPM hybrids were planted under no (0 kg N ha-1), low (30 kg N ha-1) and optimal (90 kg N ha-1) fertilizations at Oke Oyi, Ilorin in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with the N rates as main plot and the eight cultivars as sub-plots. Each plot within N levels was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The normal cultivars outyielded the QPM versions across N rates with no significance difference. There is a linear increase in all protein qualities with increase in N rates among QPM, while normal maize counterparts had a linear decline with increase in N fertilization. The QPM cultivars also maintained their endosperm protein qualities across N rates. Across N environments, the grain quality characters, such as crude protein, tryptophan, and lysine contents in grain, showed a significant negative relationship with grain yields, which were relatively much stronger under low-N stress. 99TY, TYEEC4, 99TYQ and 20SYNEEWQ have viable traits that could be explored for the development of maize varieties with good grain yield and better protein qualities to improve protein availability in maize based diets and feed for large population of man and livestock.
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Heritabiliy studies in some sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor. l. moench) genotypesAlexander Decker
This study estimated heritability in 30 genotypes of sweet sorghum. It found high heritability (>69%) for 8 traits including plant height, number of nodes, number of leaves, grain yield, and sugar content, indicating these traits are strongly influenced by genotype. Moderate heritability (55.9%) was observed for 1000 grain weight. Low heritability (1.5%) was observed for head weight. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were also calculated, with sugar content, grain yield, and plant height showing high GCV (>22%), indicating good potential to respond to selection.
Analysis of genetic diversity among the different wheat (Triticum aestivum L....Jiban Shrestha
This document analyzes the genetic diversity among 41 wheat genotypes through cluster and principal component analysis based on various agronomic traits. The genotypes were clustered into 4 groups. Cluster 4 and 2 had genotypes with desirable traits like high yield, effective tillers, grain size etc. Cluster 3 had genotypes with late maturity and lower yield. Based on the analysis, genotypes HD 1982 and Pitic 62 were identified as high yielding and suitable for the terai region of Nepal. Principal component analysis supported the cluster analysis results.
Genetic Progress for Yield, Yield Components and Other Agronomic Characters o...Premier Publishers
Genetic progress has brought about increase in yield potential per se for almost all production areas around the world. The present study examines the relationship of groundnut yield with year of release, yield components and other agro-morphological traits using aggregative data from 1976 to 2012 to calculate genetic gain in groundnut grain yield across four locations in Eastern Ethiopia. The direct method, that compares cultivars with their year of release, was used. The relative gain for groundnut grain yield was 1.08% since 1976. A deeper understanding of these issues facilitates the identification of specific yield-limiting factors that can be used for future breeding strategies. Grain yield, 100 seed weight, plant height and harvest index were significantly correlated with year of release for tested locations, emphasizing the most promising traits for groundnut breeders in the past. These traits were also responsible for the significant genetic progress in groundnut yield in Ethiopia since 1976. Further improvement in the yield potential of groundnut will have to involve increase in other traits, like pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, that have shown significant positive correlation with grain yield.
Development of drought tolerant maize cultivars is prerequisite to achieving stable grain yield in
drought–prone ecologies of Nigeria’s Guinea savanna. However, success has been limited mainly due
to lack of maize genotypes that show clear differences in response to well defined moisture deficit
condition. Two sets of drought tolerant (DT) maize germplasm were evaluated under screenhouse and
field conditions between 1999 and 2002. In the screenhouse study, performances of the genotypes
were compared under well-watered condition and moisture deficit imposed at different growth stages.
Under field conditions, the first set comprising 11 accessions along with a check were evaluated for 4
growing seasons while the second set which comprised 3 DT varieties were evaluated along with 2
check varieties using monthly plantings between April and August of 2001 and 2002, respectively. In
the first set, post anthesis moisture deficit significantly reduced grain yield by 25 to 73.5% in the open
pollinated varieties (OPVs) and by 20 to 64% in the hybrids. Grain yield under field conditions ranged
from 2.48 to 3.49, 2.82 to 3.73 and 3.58 to 4.76 tons/ha-1 for 1999, 2000 and 2001 full growing seasons,
respectively, and 2.03 to 2.50 tons/ha-1 for 2000 late growing season. In the second set, pre and post
anthesis moisture deficits reduced grain yield by 77.6 and 95.8%, respectively, of well watered
condition while in the field, grain yields in the genotypes were highest for plantings made in April and
July (1.90 - 2.5 t/ha), lowest for August (0.7 -1.8 t/ha) when moisture deficit coincided with
reproductive phase. Yield stability exhibited under moisture deficit and on the field by 8522-2, Oba
super 2 and AK9943-DMRSR in the first set as well as DT-SR-Y C0 and DT-SR-W C0 in the second set,
indicates their suitability either as cultivars per se or as potential source of DT alleles for
development of DT maize varieties for Nigeria’s savanna ecologies.
A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two
hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2)
and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization
was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three
nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots.
Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all
characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain
yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of
optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes
respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1.
Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly
significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in
grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and
2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era
(0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf
chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer
N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the kill curves and responses of diploid and tetraploid cotton species to two mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and gamma rays (γ-rays). Four genotypes from each of three cotton species (Gossypium arboreum, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum) were treated with varying concentrations of EMS and doses of γ-rays. The results showed significant interactions between species, genotypes, mutagens, and treatment levels for traits like germination, plant height, branching, bolls per plant, boll weight, and lint yield. Optimal mutagenic doses were calculated based on survival rates
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Evaluation of Effect of Storage Period on Bulk density of Stored Grain Maize ...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted in 2017/18 for the evaluation of effect of storage period on bulk density of stored maize grains. The experiment was replicated three times in randomized complete block designs. The treatments were three storage types (Gombisa, sack and Hermetic bag and storage periods (initial loading day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) months. All the data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the PROC GLM procedure and difference among means were compared by the least significant difference (LSD). The correlation between parameters was examined using Pearson ‘s correlation coefficient using PROC CORR procedure of the SAS software. The result showed significant different (P<0.05) among storage periods and high bulk density 704.3 Kg/m3 was recorded in the initial first two months of storage whereas, the minimum 556.4 Kg/m3 value was obtained in 6 months. The bulk density values in each storage exhibited significant reduction as the storage periods increased reaching down to 523.3 kg/m,3 for Gombisa and 573.0 Kg/m3 for Sack and Hermetic bag at the last six months of storage periods. From this study, it can be concluded that until the fourth months of storage the grains have better bulk density and also Hermetic bag storage showed better result throughout the storage periods.
Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis among Yield and Yield Related Trait...Premier Publishers
Twenty-two upland rice varieties were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 cropping season at Pawe Northwestern Ethiopia to estimate association among grain yield and yield related traits and partition the correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects. The analysis of variance showed significant (p < 0.01) differences for all traits except harvest index indicating the existence of variability. Correlation analysis of grain yield showed positive and significant associations with fertile tiller per plant (rg=0.792), biomass yield (rg=0.789), and plant height (rg=0.684) at genotypic level indicating that simultaneous improvement for these traits is possible. The path coefficient revealed that biomass yield, fertile tiller per plant and plant height exerted favorable direct effects on grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height, days to 85% maturity, fertile tillers per plant and thousand-grain weight supported the direct contribution of biomass yield to grain yield. The present investigations indicated that grain yield per plot was influenced by biomass yield, fertile tiller per plant, and plant height.
Estimate of Genetic Variability Parameters among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea ...Premier Publishers
Sixteen groundnut genotypes (including local check) were evaluated for quantitative parameters. The crop was sown during 2015 wet season in Ethiopia across four locations. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Twelve quantitative parameters were studied. The analysis of variance revealed the prevalence of significant difference among the genotypes for all studied parameters. Based on mean performance of genotypes Beha gudo, Manipeter and Werer-962 were found to be best for grain yield in kg/ha. High to moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were exhibited by all characters except for SHP and NSP indicating that those characters could be used as selection indices for crop improvement. High heritability was observed for 100SW (91.2%), AGBP (90.3%), NBP (90.2%), PH (89.4%), NMP (86.8%), NSPOD (85.7%), HI (83.7%) and KY (79.7%) accompanied by high genetic advance indicating the predominant role of additive gene action and the possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of groundnut genotypes based on these characters. Low broad sense heritability and low genetic advance was observed only for SHP and NSP indicating low genetic potentials for these characters and non-additive gene effect prevails.
Study of genetic variability in germplasm of common bread wheatYANKEY BHUTIA
This thesis presentation summarizes research on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. The study analyzed 11 wheat genotypes and 2 checks across 15 agronomic traits over 3 replications in a randomized block design. Results showed significant genetic variability among genotypes for traits like plant height, spike length, peduncle length, number of tillers, biological yield, and grain yield. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for peduncle length and biological yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for peduncle length and number of tillers per plant, indicating potential for selection.
Breeding for Dual purpose in sorghum. Effect of harvest options and genotypes...Maarouf Mohammed
This document evaluates the performance of dual-purpose sorghum genotypes under different harvest options in Sudan. A study was conducted across seasons to test genotypes for fodder and grain yield when harvested at different stages. The results showed that genotype performance varied significantly depending on the harvest option and season. When harvesting the main crop for forage and the ratoon crop for grain, the cultivar Abjaro performed best in winter, while S.25Abu70 performed best in summer. When harvesting both grain and stover from the main crop, either Abjaro or S.25Abu70 could be recommended depending on farmer preferences for yield or earliness. Overall, the study found that different genotypes and harvest options are needed
Genetic variability and heritability studies on bread wheatNirmal Parde
The study evaluated 30 wheat genotypes over the 2007-2008 Rabi season in Allahabad, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between genotypes for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were moderate to high for tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, and biological yield per plant. Heritability was highest for plant height, days to flowering, straw yield per plant, grains per spike, test weight, and grain yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for plant height, straw yield, and harvest index, suggesting a good amount of additive genetic variability for improving these traits through selection.
Standard heterosis of pipeline maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for grain yield an...Premier Publishers
The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the pipeline maize hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. The standard heterosis ranged from -38.72 to 33.65%and the highest heterosis was recorded for CML395/CML202//CML464 cross. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids.
Standard heterosis of pipeline maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for grain yield an...
Similar to Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and character associations of 49 Ethiopian mustard landraces. The study found significant genetic variability among the accessions for all traits measured. Traits like seed yield, oil yield, and plant height showed high genotypic and phenotypic variation, indicating potential for selection. Heritability was highest for thousand seed weight, days to flowering, stand percent, and oil quality traits. Positive correlations were found between seed yield and traits like oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. Primary branches and oil yield showed direct positive effects on seed yield per plot. Seed yield, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were determined to be
Evaluation of Advanced Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Clones for High Tuber yi...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that evaluated seven advanced potato clones and three nationally released potato varieties over three years at four locations in Ethiopia for their suitability for processing into French fries and crisps. The clones were evaluated for yield, dry matter content, specific gravity, and frying suitability. The highest yielding clones were CIP-398190.404 and CIP-391058.175, which also had good dry matter content, specific gravity, and frying suitability. CIP-391058.175 was selected as the first processing variety in Ethiopia based on its overall performance. The study aims to identify varieties suitable for the growing potato processing industry in Ethiopia.
Evaluating the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) ...Innspub Net
Field trials were conducted in the 2014 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University, Kano (11°58’N and 8°25’E) and Agricultural Research Station Farm, Minjibir (12°11’N and 8°32’E). The objective of the study wasto evaluate the performance of improved sweetpotato lines with a view to identify those that may be adaptable with high yielding potential in the study area.The treatments consisted of 16 sweetpotato advanced lines: Centennial, AYT/08/055, TIS8164, TIS87/0087, NRSP12/097, UMUSPO/2, UMOSPO/1, SOLOMON-1, EA/11/022, EA/11/025, EA/11/003, UM/11/015, NRSP/12/095, UM/11/001, UM/11/022, and a local check
(Kantayiidda). These were laid out in a Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences were observed in number of roots per plant, number of marketable roots, number of pencil roots, flesh colour, root shape and root yield. Kantayiidda produced significantly (p<0.05) higher root yield (10315kg/Ha) than all other lines. Solomon-1, Umuspo/1, EA/11/022, UM/11/001 and TIS87/0087 were found to be promising among the advanced lines evaluated; thus could relatively compete with Kantayiidda local for adaptation and high root yield in the study area. Get full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Kabuli Chickpea (Cic...Premier Publishers
The present study was carried out to assess the extent of genetic variability among yield and yield related traits in selected kabuli chickpea genotypes. Forty-nine kabuli chickpea genotypes were studied for thirteen traits at Debre Zeit and Akaki using 7x7 simple lattice design in 2018 cropping season. Combined analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among genotypes for all traits studied, indicating the presence of considerable amount of variability among genotypes. High Phenotypic coefficients of variation and moderate genotypic coefficients of variation value were shown for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant, respectively, indicating the possibility of genetic improvement in selection of these traits. High broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance were obtained for hundred-seed weight (91.88 and 23.81), number of pods per plant (68.07 and 28.13), number of secondary branches (80.92 and 27.80), number of seeds per plant (67.86 and 31.840), grain yield (62.33 and 24.42) and harvest index (75.70 and 28.17), respectively. This indicates that these characters could be improved easily through selection.
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the quality of snap bean pods grown in Jimma, Ethiopia. Five levels of N (0-164 kg/ha) and four levels of P (0-138 kg/ha) were applied in a field experiment. The results showed that increasing N and P rates significantly improved several quality parameters, including pod length, diameter, and marketable yield. Specifically, applying 82 kg N/ha and 46 kg P2O5/ha optimized pod quality by increasing length, diameter, fiberless nature, and marketable yield compared to other treatment combinations and the unfertilized control.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
Influence of Harvest Stage on Yield and Yield Components of Orange Fleshed Sw...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center in 2018 under rainfed condition with supplementary irrigation to determine the influence of harvest stage on vine yield and tuberous root yield of orange fleshed sweet potato varieties. The experiment consisted of four harvest stages (105, 120, 135 and 150 days after planting) and Kulfo, Tulla and Guntute varieties. A 4 X 3 factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Interaction of harvest stage and variety significantly influenced above ground fresh biomass, vine length, marketable tuberous root weight per hectare, commercial harvest index and harvest index. The highest mean values of above ground fresh biomass (66.12 t/ha) and marketable tuberous root weight (56.39 t/ha) were produced by Guntute variety harvested at 135 days after planting. Based on the results, it can be recommended that, farmers of the study area can grow Guntute variety by harvesting at 135 days after planting to obtain optimum vine and tuberous root yields.
Seed management’s influences on nodulation and yield of improved variety of s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A pot study was carried out on an improved soybean variety (TGX 1448-2E) to assess the effects of seed management on its nodulation and yield. The experiment was in factorial combinations with six replicates at the teaching and research farm of University of Abuja. The factors were 2 soils, 2 levels of phosphorus fertilizer (-P and + P), and 2 seed sources (farmer’s and researcher’s managed seeds). P was applied as triple superphosphate at 30 kg P ha-1. Destructive sampling was done at 8 weeks after planting to record growth parameters and nodulation. At maturity, the number and weight of pods, weight of 50 seeds and total seed yield were recorded. The results showed that generally researchers’ managed seeds showed a significantly higher mean values than farmers’ managed seeds. The pod and total seed weight from researchers’ seeds were 106.26 g and 52.43 g per plant respectively against the farmers’ managed seed with pod weight of 80.23 g and total seed weight of 44.35 g per plant. P application influenced significantly the weight of nodules, pods and seeds per plant. This significant lower performance observed in farmers’ managed seeds could have resulted from factors such poor seed handling or mix up during harvesting or storage, poor quality seed selection for planting.
Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a staple worldwide in both human and animal nutrition. It is mainly grown for livestock, depending on its grain and forage yield in Turkey. This study was based on defining correlation coefficients of some oat genotypes (nine lines and three cultivars) in Konya, Turkey, among fodder and grain yields, and their components. The experimental design of this study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The correlations were analyzed after harvesting at milk to dough period. The findings illustrated that there was a significant positive correlation between green fodder yield and leaf weights in ten stems, and grain yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter. The highest negative correlations was found between green fodder yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter, and grain yield and 50% flowering periods in addition to green fodder yield. This research suggests that the number of panicles stems per square meter and dry fodder yield would be selection criteria for grain yield. The number of leaves per stem, the number of nodes, and plant height would also be considered for green fodder yield by oat breeders in their program in Anatolia.
Estimation of association among growth and yield related traits in Bread Whea...Premier Publishers
A total of twenty five bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated for trait association and path coefficient analysis among yield and yield contributing traits at Gurage zone of two different environments. The genotypes were grown in triplicate randomized complete block design. Data were collected on 13 agronomic characters. It was found results that grain yield showed positive and significant correlations with above ground biomass, tillers per plant, kernel per spike, spikelet per spike and plant height at Fereziye and negatively correlated with tiller per plant (rg= -0.535) and plant height (rg= -0.284) at Kotergedra. Selection on the basis of positive association of grain yield with its contributing traits may be helpful to improve grain yield of wheat. Path coefficient analysis revealed that above ground biomass and tillers per plant exerted high and favorable direct effects on grain yield at Fereziye. Both genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that grain filling period exerted high and favorable direct effect on grain yield at Kotergedra which indicated that selection on such traits may be useful to improve the grain yield. It was moreover suggested that the evaluation of wheat genotypes for grain yield under multi-zonal locations should be carried out to exploit more yield potential.
Isolation Of Salmonella Gallinarum From Poultry Droppings In Jos Metropolis, ...IOSR Journals
The study evaluated the effects of five different rates of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons/hectare) on the growth and yield of watermelon over two growing seasons. Plants that received the highest rate of poultry manure (20 tons/hectare) had significantly greater vine length, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, and fruit weight than plants that received lower rates or no manure. Based on the results, the study recommended that farmers in the area apply 20 tons/hectare of poultry manure to increase watermelon growth and yield.
Influence of fertilizers on incidence and severity of early blight and late b...Innspub Net
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, diseases and pests. To improve the production of this plant, a study was carried out in Mouvou and Gouria to evaluate the impact of fertilizers on the development of late blight and early blight diseases of this plant. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block with 4 treatments: Mycorrhizae (MYC), NPK (20-10-10) chemical fertilizers, chicken droppings (CD) and a control (T). The plant material used was a local variety of potato (Dosa). Disease incidence and severity and rainfall were evaluated. Area Under Disease Progress Curve was calculated. At 60 DAS, mean incidences recorded for fertilizers were 5.7, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.8 % respectively for control, MYC, NPK and CD. In general, early blight severity decreased from 22.1% at 45 DAS to 0.3 % at 60 DAS. The highest AUDPC value of late blight at Mouvou site was observed in NPK treatment while potato in CD treatment had the lowest. The lowest AUDPC value of early blight was observed in CD treatment at both sites. AUDSIPC value for late blight was significantly higher in NPK treatment in both sites. The highest value of AUDPSIC of early blight was recorded in MYC treatment, 45 DAS in both sites. The average rainfall was higher in the Gouria site (716.5mm) than in Mouvou site (679 mm). The CD treatment can be recommended to the farmers for the phytosanitary protection of potatoes.
Evaluation of Improved Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Varieties for Adaptation ...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out to evaluate and identify adapted improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (Fabaceae) varieties in southern tigray lowlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate three improved cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Mekoni Agricultural Research Center site and Kara Adisheho farmer’s field. Analysis of variance showed that all the traits measured were statistically significant at 5% level of probability except plant height. The earliest days to 90% maturity (79 days) were observed for the variety Kenkety, whereas the longest was recorded by bole variety (89.6 days). Similarly, Kenkety variety filled their seeds in a short period of time (25 days) compared to Assebot and Bole varieties (29; 32 days). The highest pooled mean grain yield was obtained from Kenkety variety (1958 kgha-1), while Assebot and Bole had the lowest yield of 1656 and 1481 kgha-1 respectively. When we see variety × location wise mean, still Kenkety variety outsmarts in both locations over the varieties and Kara Adisheho were suitable for cowpea production with (2128 kgha-1) grain yield. Taken as a whole, Kenkety variety over weights Assebot and Bole varieties especially for the two main traits of earliness and yield performance. Thus, Kenkety was promising variety for demonstration and scaling up activities in the agro ecology.
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Rockwool and coco coir performed the best as growing substrates for lettuce in a hydroponic system. Plants grown in coco coir had the tallest height and longest roots, while rockwool produced the most leaves and heaviest fresh biomass. All substrates maintained a similar alkaline pH in the water. While rockwool performed best, coco coir is a suitable alternative growing substrate that does not significantly differ from rockwool for hydroponically grown lettuce.
Genetic resistance to drought and aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts in ce...Abadi Getahun
This poster presentation highlights the results gained from the experiment conducted at Rama, central zone of Tigray with the aim to screen different groundnut genotypes for their resistance to drought and natural aflatoxin contamination.
Determination of the optimal level of the fertilizing elements N, P, K on the...Innspub Net
The objective of the test is to determine the best formula of the NPK elements for two local varieties improved of corn. The studied plant material is composed of local populations improved P1, P2. The factorial test is driven with two P1 varieties, P2 and four doses of NPK according to an experimental device in blocks of Fischer to four blocks. The doses of 20 – 10 – 10, 30 – 15 – 15, 10 – 5 – 5 and 40 – 20 – 20 correspond respectively to the T1 treatments, T2, T3 and T4. On the T2 (2,073 m ± 0,009) P1 is observed of the heights raised of stem. The T4 (1, 85 m ± 0,173) recorded a stem raise of P2. The T2 (30, 75 ± 1,500) P1 reached the highest number of grains in a row. The T1 (30, 75 ± 1,258) P2 got high number of grains in a row. Greater number of grains in an ear is observed on T3 (520 ± 15,491) of P1. The greatest number of grains per ear is noted on the T2 (510,5 ± 10,630) of P2. The T2 (4, 20 t ha-1 ± 0,12) P1 recorded better outputs in grains. The T1 (4,035 t ha-1 ± 1,831) P2 got the best output in grains. The corresponding T2 to the dose (30 – 15 – 15) could be kept for the P1. The corresponding T1 to the dose (20 – 10 – 10) could be recommended for the P2 to increase the productivity of corn in the zone of survey.
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In Benin, chilli pepper is a widely consumed as vegetable whose production requires the use of performant varieties. This work assessed, at Parakou and Malanville, the performance of six F1 hybrids of chilli including five imported (Laali, Laser, Nandi, Kranti, Nandita) and one local (De cayenne), in completely randomized block design at four replications and 15 plants per elementary plot. Agro-morphological data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and factor analysis of mixed data. The results showed the effects of variety, location and their interactions were highly significant for most of the growth, earliness and yield traits. Imported hybrid varieties showed the best performances compared to the local one. Multivariate analysis revealed that 'De cayenne' was earlier, short in size, thin-stemmed, red fruits and less yielding (≈ 1 t.ha-1). The imported hybrids LaaliF1 and KrantiF1 were of strong vegetative vigor, more yielding (> 6 t.ha-1) by developing larger, long and hard fruits. Other hybrids showed intermediate performances. This study highlighted the importance of imported hybrids in improving yield and preservation of chili fruits. However, stability and adaptation analyses to local conditions are necessary for their adoption.
An Empirical Approach for the Variation in Capital Market Price Changes Premier Publishers
The chances of an investor in the stock market depends mainly on some certain decisions in respect to equilibrium prices, which is the condition of a system competing favorably and effectively. This paper considered a stochastic model which was latter transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equation where stock volatility was used as a key parameter. The analytical solution was obtained which determined the equilibrium prices. A theorem was developed and proved to show that the proposed mathematical model follows a normal distribution since it has a symmetric property. Finally, graphical results were presented and the effects of the relevant parameters were discussed.
Influence of Nitrogen and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispani...Premier Publishers
Chia is an emerging cash crop in Kenya and its production is inhibited by lack of agronomic management information. A field experiment was conducted in February-June and May-August 2021, to determine the influence of nitrogen and spacing on growth and yield of Chia. A randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement was used with four nitrogen rates as the main plots (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) and three spacing (30 cm x 15 cm (s1), 30 cm x 30 cm (s2), 50 cm x 50 cm (s3)). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth and seed yield of Chia. Stem height, branches, stem diameter and leaves increased by 23-28%, 11-13%, 43-55% and 59-88% respectively. Spacing s3 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth. An increase of 27-74%, 36-45% and 73-107% was recorded in number of leaves, stem diameter and dry weight, respectively. Chia yield per plant was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in s3. However, when expressed per unit area, s1 significantly produced higher yields. The study recommends 120 kg N ha-1 or higher nitrogen rates and a closer spacing of 15 cm x 30 cm as the best option for Chia production in Kenya.
Enhancing Social Capital During the Pandemic: A Case of the Rural Women in Bu...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a case study of enhancing social capital among rural women in Bukidnon Province, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic through a livelihood project. Key findings include:
1) Technical trainings provided by the project increased the women's knowledge, allowing them to generate additional household income through vegetable gardening during the pandemic.
2) The women's social capital, as measured by groups/networks, trust, and cooperation, increased by 15.5% from 2019 to 2020 through increased participation in their association.
3) Main occupations, income sources, and ethnicity influenced the women's social capital. The project enhanced social ties that empowered the rural women economically and socially despite challenges of the pandemic.
Impact of Provision of Litigation Supports through Forensic Investigations on...Premier Publishers
This paper presents an argument through the fraud triangle theory that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases is adequate for effective prosecution of perpetrators as well as corporate fraud prevention. To support this argument, this study operationalized provision of litigation supports through forensic audit and investigations, data mining for trends and patterns, and fraud data collection and preparation. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the population of professional accountants and legal practitioners in Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and this was mailed to the respective respondents. Resulting responses were analyzed using the OLS multiple regression techniques via the SPSS statistical software. The results reveal that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations, fraud data mining for trends and patterns and fraud data collection and preparation for court proceedings have a positive and significant impact on corporate fraud prevention in Nigeria. This study therefore recommends that regulators should promote the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases in publicly listed firms in Nigeria, as this will help provide reports that are acceptable in court proceedings.
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It is observed that the performances of most improved ratio estimators depend on some optimality conditions that need to be satisfied to guarantee better estimator. This paper develops a new approach to ratio estimation that produces a more efficient class of ratio estimators that do not depend on any optimality conditions for optimum performance using calibration weightings. The relative performances of the proposed calibration ratio estimators are compared with a corresponding global [Generalized Regression (GREG)] estimator. Results of analysis showed that the proposed calibration ratio estimators are substantially superior to the traditional GREG-estimator with relatively small bias, mean square error, average length of confidence interval and coverage probability. In general, the proposed calibration ratio estimators are more efficient than all existing estimators considered in the study.
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Urbanization and quality of urban life are mutually related and however it varies geographically and regionally. With unprecedented growth of urban centres, challenge against urban development is more in terms of how to enhance quality of urban life and liveability. Making sense of and measuring urban liveability of urban places has become a crucial step in the context of sustainable development paradigm. Geographical regions depict variations in nature of urban development and consequently level of urban liveability. The coastal regain of West Bengal faces unusual challenges caused by increasing urbanization, uncontrolled growth, and expansion of economic activities like tourism and changing environmental quality. The present study offers a perspective on urban liveability of urban places located in coastal region comprising of Purba Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts. The study uses the liveability standards covering four major pillars- institutional, social, economic and physical and their indicators. This leads to develop a City Liveability Index to rank urban places of the region, higher the index values better the urban liveability. The data for the purpose is collected from various secondary sources. Study finds that the eastern coastal region of the country covering state of West Bengal depicts variations in index of liveability determined by physical, economic, social and institutional indicators.
Transcript Level of Genes Involved in “Rebaudioside A” Biosynthesis Pathway u...Premier Publishers
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant which has recently been used widely as a sweetener. This medicinal plant has some components such as diterpenoid glycosides called steviol glycosides [SGs]. Rebaudioside A is a diterpenoid steviol glycoside which is 300 times sweeter than table sugar. This study was done to investigate the effect of GA3 (50 mg/L) on the expression of 14 genes involved in Rebaudioside A biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana under in vitro conditions. The expression of DXS remarkably decreased by day 3. Also, probably because of the negative feedback of GA3 on MEP-drived isoprenes, GGDS transcript level reached its lowest amount after GA3 treatment. The abundance of DXR, CMS, CMK, MCS, and CDPS transcripts showed a significant increase at various days after this treatment. A significant drop in the expression levels of KS and UGT85C2 is detected during the first day. However, expression changes of HDR and KD were not remarkable. Results revealed that the level of transcript of UGT74G1 and UGT76G1 up regulated significantly 4 and 2 times higher than control, respectively. However, more research needs to shed more light on the mechanism of GA3 on gene expression of MEP pathway.
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Information on genetic variability for biochemical characters is a prerequisite for improvement of tea quality. Thirteen introduced tea clones characterized with objective; assessing tea clones based on morphological characters at Melko and Gera research stations. The study was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season on experimental plots in RCBD with three replications. Data recorded on morphological traits like days from pruning to harvest, height to first branch, stem diameter, leaf serration density, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, petiole length, leaf ratio, internode length, shoot length, number of shoot, canopy diameter, hundred shoot weight, fresh leaf yield per tree. Cluster analysis of morphological trait grouped into four clusters indicated, the existence of divergence among the tested clones. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and IV (35.27) while the minimum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (7.8).Principal components analysis showed that the first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one accounted 86.45% for 15 morphological traits. Generally, the study indicated presence of variability for several morphological traits. However, high morphological variation between clones is not a guarantee for a high genetic variation; therefore, molecular studies need to be considered as complementary to biochemical studies.
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This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
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Stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness are a common occurrence in the Sub-Saharan region including Eritrea. Numerous studies from Sub-Saharan Africa suggest that stigma and discrimination are major problems in the community, with negative attitudes and behavior towards people with mental illness being widespread. In order to assess the whether such negative attitudes persist in the context of Eritrea this study explored the knowledge and perceptions of 90 Eritrean university students at the College of Business and Economics, the University of Asmara regarding the causes and remedies of mental illness A qualitative method involving coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 90 university students to collecting data at the end of 2019. The survey evidence points that almost 50% of the respondents had contact with a mentally ill person suggesting that the significant number of the respondents experienced a first-hand encounter and knowledge of mental illness in their family and community. The findings show an overall greater science-based understanding of the causes of mental illness to be followed by recommended psychiatric treatments. The survey evidence indicates that the top three leading causes of mental illness in the context of Eritrea according to the respondents are brain disease (76%), bad events in the life of the mentally ill person (66%) and substance abuse or alcohol taking, smoking, taking drugs like hashish. (54%). The majority of the respondents have a very sympathetic and positive outlook towards mentally ill persons suggesting that mentally illness does not simply affect a chosen individual rather it can happen to anybody regardless of economic class, social status, ethnicity race and religion. Medical interventions cited by the majority of the respondents as being effective treatments for mental illness centered on the idea that hospitals and clinics for treatment and even cures for psychiatric disease. Changing perceptions of mental illnesses in Eritrea that paralleled the very caring and sympathetic attitudes of the sample university students would require raising public awareness regarding mental illness through education, using the mass media to raise public awareness, integrating mental health into the primary health care system, decentralizing mental health care services to increase access to treatment and providing affordable service to maintain positive treatment outcomes.
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This study was conducted at Enchete kebele in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, South Omo Zone to evaluate the response of hot pepper to deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity under furrow irrigation system. The experiment comprised four treatments (100 % of ETc, 85% of ETc, 70 % of ETc and 50% of ETc), respectively. The experiment was laid out in RCBD and replicated four times. The two years combined yield results indicated that, the maximum total yield (20.38 t/ha) was obtained from 100% ETc while minimum yield (12.92 t/ha) was obtained from 50% of ETc deficit irrigation level. The highest WUE 5.22 kg/ha mm-1 was obtained from 50% of ETc. Treatment of 100% ETc irrigation application had highest benefit cost ratio (4.5) than all others treatments. Applying 50% of ETc reduce the yield by 37% when compared to 100 % ETc. Accordingly, to achieve maximum hot pepper yield in areas where water is not scarce, applying 100% ETc irrigation water application level throughout whole growing season under furrow irrigation system is recommended. But, in the study area water scarcity is the major limiting factor for crop production. So, it is possible to get better yield and water productivity of hot pepper when we apply 85% ETc irrigation water throughout growing season under furrow irrigation system.
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Gentrification and its Effects on Minority Communities – A Comparative Case S...Premier Publishers
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2. Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Ebrahim et al. 929
The genetic makeup, crop maturity, agronomic practices,
environmental conditions, storage temperatures, pests
and diseases are affecting tuber. Studying the genetic
variability present among different potato genotypes for a
given character is a basic precondition to design
systematic breeding methods. Predominantly, genetic
variability for a given character is a basic precondition for
its improvement by systematic breeding (Engida et al.,
2007; Arslanoglu et al., 2011).
Strategic potato research in Ethiopia began in 1975 with
the understanding of the constraints challenging its
production and productivity (Baye and Gebremedhin,
2013). The development and dissemination of more than
36 ( Belete, Gudanie, Dagim and Jalene…) improved
varieties, coupled with other technological packages,
contributed greatly to the improvement and rapid
expansion in potato production (MANR, 2016). The major
objective of potato breeding has been to develop potato
cultivars that have maximum yield potential, adaptable to
wide agro-ecologies and resistant to late blight that has
been the most devastating disease throughout the
dominant potato producing highlands of the country
(Wassu, 2016). Few studies have been conducted on
processing quality potato genotypes (Elfnesh et al., 2011;
Tesfaye et al., 2012; Wassu, 2016; Wassu, 2017).
However, the released varieties have not satisfied the
consumer for French fries and chips making process
(Habtamu et al., 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to
conduct a comprehensive study on genetic variability of
available genotype for tuber quality, yield and yield-related
traits and document information on the available varieties
quality features. The present experiment was conducted to
assess the nature and magnitude of variability in potato
genotypes for tuber quality, yield and yield-related traits
with the help of genetic parameters, such as phenotypic as
well as genotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic
coefficients of variation and estimate of heritability in the
broad sense.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental Site, Design and Materials
A total of 24 potato genotypes were used for the
experiment. These included 21 genotypes and three
released varieties (Table 1). The 24 genotypes were
planted at Holleta Agricultural Research Centre
experiment station during the main cropping season of
2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and
each plot was 3.6 m (length) x 4.5 m (width) (16.2 m2 gross
plot size) consisted six rows each containing 12 plants and
thus 72 plants per plot. The spacing between rows and
plants was 0.75 m and 0.30 m, respectively. The spacing
between plots and adjacent replications was 1 m and 1.5
m, respectively.
Table 1: List of experimental materials included in the
study
No. Accession code No. Accession code
1 CIP-396034.268 13 CIP-394611.112
2 CIP-393220.54 14 CIP-392617.54
3 CIP-395017.229 15 CIP-381381.20
4 CIP-392797.27 16 CIP-398180.289
5 CIP-395112.19 17 CIP-.398190.89
6 CIP-399075.7 18 CIP-398190.404
7 CIP-393280.64 19 CIP-391058.175
8 CIP-398098.65 20 CIP-396034.103
9 CIP-393385.39 21 CIP-391046.14
10 CIP-396027.205 22 Belete (CIP-393371.58)
11 CIP-393077.159 23 Gudanie (CIP-386423.13)
12 CIP-399002.52 24 Dagim (CIP-396004.337)
CIP = International Potato Center
Data Collection
Phenology and Growth Parameters
Data was recorded for phenology and growth parameters;
days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm),
average stems number and leaf area index (cm-3).
Yield and Yield Components
Data was recorded for yield parameters; shoot dry mass
weight (g), tubers dry mass weight (g): total biomass
weight (g), average tuber number /hill, average tuber
weight (g/tuber), tuber size distribution:- small (< 35mm),
medium (35 to 50mm), and large (>50 mm) size tubers
(%), total tuber yield (t/ha), marketable tuber yield(/ha) and
unmarketable tuber yield(t/ha). The amount of tuber
number in different size categories was changed to a
percentage (Ekin et al., 2009).
Tuber Physical and Internal Quality Traits
Peel content (%): Ten fresh tubers were randomly
selected from each plot, weight and peeled. The peel of
the tubers was weighted. The mean weight of single tuber
and peel content was recorded and then expressed as a
percentage as follows:
Peel content (%) =
tuberofWeight
contentpeel
x 100
Geometric mean diameter (Dg) (mm): The sizes of ten
randomly selected tubers from each plot were measured
as length, width and thickness using a digital caliper with
an accuracy of 0.01mm. The following equation calculated
the geometric mean diameter (Dg):
Dg= (LWT) 0.333 where: L is length; W is width and T is the
thickness of the tuber.
3. Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Int. J. Plant Breed Crop Sci. 930
Length to width ratio: Recorded as the ratio of tubers
length to width and then expressed in terms ratio.
Sphericity of tuber () (%): the sphericity was
determined by the following formula as described by
Ahmadi et al. (2008): = (Dg/L) x 100
Where, is the sphercity of the tuber, Dg is the geometric
mean diameter and L is the length
Surface area (S) (mm2
): Tubers surface area was
determined according to Bareh (2000) by the following
formula: S = Dg2 where: S is surface area and Dg is the
geometric mean diameter
Specific gravity of tubers (Sg) (gcm-3
): It was
determined using the weight in air/weight in water
methods. Five kilogram tubers of all shapes and sizes
were randomly taken from each plot. The selected tubers
were washed with water. First, it was weight in air and then
re-weighed suspended in water and the specific gravity
was determined according to the following formula (Gould,
1995).
Specific gravity =
weight in air
weight in air − weight in water
Dry matter content (%): The total dry matter content
(DMC) was calculated according to Porras et al. (2014).
Five tubers of each plot were chopped (about 500g total)
into small 1-2 cm cubes. They were mixed thoroughly and
two subsamples of 200g each were taken. The exact
weight of each subsample was recorded as fresh weight.
Consequently, each subsample was placed in an oven set
at 80°C for 48 hours and dried until constant weight. Each
subsample were weighted immediately and recorded as
dry weight. The dry matter content for each subsample
was then computed with the following formula.
Dry matter content (%) =
dry weight
fresh weight
∗ 100
Total starch content (g/100g): This was estimated from
dry matter content. Total starch content (g/100g): This was
estimated from dry matter. Starch content (%) = 17.55 +
0.891* ( tuber dry weight % - 24.182) AOAC, 1980) where
the dry matter was determined as indicated above it was
measured from tubers of the five randomly selected plants
to be used for tuber dry mass estimation was sliced and
kept in an oven at 80°C for 48 hours and weighed after
cooling in room temperature.
Data Analysis
Analysis of variance
The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA)
using the SAS statistical software 9.2 (SAS, 2008). The
comparison of the mean performance of genotypes was
done the significance of mean squares using Duncan’s
multiple range test (DMRT). The traits that exhibited
significant mean squares in general ANOVA was further
subjected to genetic analyses.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability
The genotypic and phenotypic variability of each
quantitative traits was estimated as genotypic and
phenotypic variances and coefficients of variation. The
genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was
determined by the formula as described by Burton and de
Vane (1953)
Genotypic variance (σ2g) =
𝑀𝑆𝑔−𝑀𝑆𝑒
𝑟
Where, σ2g = genotypic variance, MSg = mean square
of genotype, MSe = mean square of error, r = number
of replications and environmental variance (𝜎2 𝑒) =
mean square of the error
Phenotypic variance (σ2p) = σ2g + σ2e
Where, σ2g = genotypic variance, σ2e = Environmental
variance and σ2p = Phenotypic variance
100
x
_
2
p
PCV
And 100_
2
x
g
GCV
Where: PCV= Phenotypic coefficient of variation,
GCV= Genotypic coefficient of variation and 𝐱 =
population mean of the character being evaluated
PCV and GCV values were categorized as low,
moderate, and high values, as indicated by
Sivasubramaniah and Menon (1973) as follows.
0-10% = low, 10-20% moderate and also > 20% = High
Heritability and Genetic Advance
Broad sense heritability values were estimated using
the formula adopted by Falconer and Mackay (1996) as
follows:
H2 = (σ2g/σ2p) x 100
Where, H2 = heritability in broad sense, σ2p =
Phenotypic variance and σ2g = genotypic variance
The heritability percentage was categorized as low,
moderate and high, as suggested by Robinson and
Callbeck (1955).
0-30% = low, 30-60% = moderate and > 60% = high
Expected genetic advance under selection (GA):
Expected genetic advance (GA) at 5% percent
selection intensity and genetic advance as percentage
of mean (GAM) was calculated through the method of
Johnson et al. (1955)
GA = K*SDp*H2
Where, GA = Genetic advance, SDp = phenotypic
standard deviation on mean basis, H2 = Heritability in
the broad sense and K = standardized selection
differential at 5% selection intensity (K = 2.063)
4. Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Ebrahim et al. 931
Genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM)
Genetic advance as percent of mean was estimated as
follows:
GAM =
GA
X
X100
Where GAM = Genetic advance as percent of the mean,
GA = genetic advance and
X = Population mean of the character being evaluated
The magnitude of genetic advance as percentage of
mean was categorized as low (0-10%), moderate (10-
20%), and high (> 20%), as suggested by Johanson et
al. (1955).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of Variance
The results of the analysis of variance indicated the
presence of highly significant (p<0.01) differences among
the tested potato genotypes for all traits excepted peel
content (Table 2). This will provide a good opportunity for
the breeder to select genotypes of varied maturity groups,
tuber yield performance and traits related to processing
aspects. Several workers, Misgana et al. (2015);
Getachew et al. (2016); Habtamu et al. (2016); Wassu
(2016); Wassu (2017) reported highly significant
differences among genotypes, for phenology, tuber yield
and processing quality traits.
Table 2: Mean squares from analysis of growth parameters yield and quality-related traits and yield of 24 potato
genotypes evaluated at Holetta in 2017.
Traits Mean Replication (2) Genotype (23) Error (46) CV (%)
Days to 50% flowering 54.19 7.51 54.72** 1.82 2.49
Days to maturity 95.92 18.38 117.86** 13.04 3.77
Plant height (cm) 80.48 385.17 495.62** 14.62 4.75
Average stems number 4.05 0.67 1.86** 0.24 12.06
Leaf area index 2.56 0.17 0.55** 0.05 8.95
Shoot dry mass weight (g/plant) 46.00 145.82 617.52** 69.66 18.14
Tuber dry mass weight (g/plant) 166.14 497.39 1918.32** 558.03 14.22
Total biomass weight (g/plant) 212.14 593.79 2790.60** 723.03 12.68
Average tuber number per hill 11.08 12.49 16.43** 1.58 11.34
Average tuber weight (g/tuber) 66.36 15.19 640.17** 34.77 8.89
Small size tubers (%) 34.12 259.42 248.00** 41.86 18.96
Medium size tubers (%) 39.93 143.46 105.25** 30.34 13.79
Large size tubers (%) 25.95 30.79 351.23** 28.03 20.41
Total tuber yield (t/ha) 31.63 59.35 91.85** 11.70 10.81
Marketable tuber yield (t/ha) 28.74 42.02 75.09** 11.65 11.88
Unmarkatable tuber yield (t/ha) 2.89 1.63 4.37** 0.52 24.82
Peel content (%) 14.85 5.73 4.73ns 3.41 12.39
Geometric mean diameter (mm3) 55.60 13.19 37.24** 13.07 6.50
Sphericity of the tuber (%) 80.20 0.01 179.79** 7.20 3.35
Surface area (mm2) 9772.71 1626891.6 4480789.00** 1552507.4 12.75
Length to width ratio 1.27 0.002 0.122** 0.005 5.64
Specific gravity of tubers (g/cm3) 1.09 0.00000768 0.00022599** 0.00002919 0.50
Dry matter content (%) 21.94 0.34 10.83** 1.39 5.37
Total starch content (g/100g) 15.55 0.26 8.60** 1.10 6.76
** - Significant at P<0.01 and ns - non-significant, number in parenthesis represented degree of freedom for the respective
source of variation, cm = centimeter, g= gram, t/ha= ton per hectare, mm3 = millimeter cub, mm2 = millimeter square and
g/cm3 = gram per centimeter cub
5. Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Estimates of Variability Components
Phenotypic and Genotypic Variation
The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and
genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 0.90
to 46.43% and 0.75 to 40.0%, respectively (Table 3).
Sivasubramaniah and Menon (1973) categorized PCV and
GCV coefficient of variation values low (<10%), moderate
(10-20), and high (>20%). Based on these categories,
days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, geometric mean
diameter, sphericity of the tuber, specific gravity of tuber
and dry matter content showed low PCV and GCV except
sphericity the tuber that had moderate PCV. Plant height,
average stems number, leaf area index, tubers dry mass
weight, total biomass weight, total tuber yield, marketable
tuber yield, medium size tuber, surface area, length to
width ratio and total starch content had both moderate
PCV and GCV values except average stems number that
had high PCV values.
Shoot dry mass weight, average tuber number, average
tuber weight, unmarketable tuber yield, small size tubers
and large size tuber traits had high PCV and GCV values.
The high PCV and GCV indicated that the traits are
controlled by genetic factors and hence there is a higher
chance of improvement of the crop through selection.
Singh (1990) suggested that traits that exhibited high
estimates of GCV and PCV have a high probability of
improvement through selection. However, the author
indicated the improvement of traits is difficult and
impractical through selection for traits that exhibited low
estimates for both variability components due to the
masking effect of the environment on the genotypic effect.
Int. J. Plant Breed Crop Sci. 932
A similar study carried by Regassa and Basavaraj (2005);
Addisu et al. (2013); Getachew et al. (2016); Tripura et al.
(2016); Panigrahi et al. (2017) observed high GCV and
PCV for average tuber number, average tuber weight,
small size tubers, large size tubers and unmarketable
tuber yield. Ummyiah et al. (2010) reported moderate PCV
and GCV for total tuber yield and low PCV and GCV for
specific gravity and dry matter content. Ara et al. (2009),
Mishra et al. (2017) reported moderate PCV and GCV for
total starch content, shoot dry mass weight and average
stems number.
6. Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Ebrahim et al. 933
Table 3: Estimate of variability components for 23 traits in 24 potato genotypes evaluated at Holetta in 2017
σ2g σ2p σ2e PCV (%) GCV (%) H2 (%) GA GAM (5 %) Difference
between PCV &
GCV
Days to 50% flowering 17.63 19.45 1.82 8.14 7.75 90.65 8.25 15.22 0.39
Days to maturity 34.94 47.98 13.04 7.22 6.16 72.82 10.41 10.85 1.06
Plant height (cm) 160.33 174.95 14.62 16.44 15.73 91.64 25.01 31.07 0.71
Average stems number 0.54 0.78 0.24 21.81 18.17 69.43 1.27 31.24 3.64
Leaf area index 0.17 0.22 0.05 18.30 15.97 76.10 0.74 28.73 2.33
Shoot dry mass weight (g/plant) 182.62 252.28 69.66 34.53 29.38 72.39 23.72 51.56 5.15
Tubers dry mass weight (g/plant) 453.43 1011.46 558.03 19.14 12.82 44.83 29.41 17.70 6.32
Total biomass weight (g/plant) 689.19 1412.23 723.04 17.71 12.38 48.80 37.83 17.83 5.33
Average tuber number per hill 4.95 6.53 1.58 23.06 20.08 75.80 4.00 36.06 2.98
Average tuber weight (g/tuber) 201.80 236.57 34.77 23.18 21.41 85.30 27.07 40.79 1.77
Small size tubers (%) 68.71 110.57 41.86 30.82 24.29 62.14 13.48 39.51 6.53
Medium size tubers (%) 24.97 55.31 30.34 18.62 12.51 45.15 6.93 17.35 6.11
Large size tubers (%) 107.73 135.77 28.03 44.90 40.00 79.35 19.07 73.50 4.90
Total tuber yield (t/ha) 26.72 38.42 11.70 19.60 16.34 69.54 8.89 28.12 3.26
Marketable tuber yield (t/ha) 21.14 32.80 11.65 19.93 16.00 64.47 7.62 26.50 3.93
Unmarketable tuber yield (t/ha) 1.29 1.80 0.52 46.43 39.23 71.41 1.98 68.39 7.20
Geometric mean diameter (mm3) 8.06 21.13 13.07 8.27 5.10 38.13 3.62 6.50 3.17
Sphericity of the tuber (%) 57.53 64.73 7.20 10.03 9.46 88.87 14.75 18.39 0.57
Surface area (mm2) 976093.87 2528601.27 1552507.40 16.27 10.11 38.60 1266.34 12.96 6.16
Length to width ratio 0.04 0.04 0.01 16.52 15.52 82.32 0.38 30.10 1.00
Specific gravity of tubers (g/cm3) 0.0000656 0.0000948 0.00002919 0.90 0.75 69.21 0.01 1.28 0.15
Dry matter content (%) 3.15 4.54 1.39 9.71 8.09 69.40 3.05 13.90 1.62
Total starch content (g/100g) 2.50 3.60 1.10 12.20 10.16 69.35 2.72 17.46 2.04
σ2g = genotypic variance, σ2p = phenotypic variance. σ2e = environment variance, PCV = phenotypic coefficient of variation, GCV = genotypic coefficient, H2 =
heritability in broad sense, GA = genetic advance, GAM = genetic advance as percent of mean, cm = centimeter, g= gram, t/ha= ton per hectare, mm3 = millimeter
cub, mm2 = millimeter square and g/cm3 = gram per centimeter cub
7. Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) for Processing Quality, Yield and Yield Related Traits
Int. J. Plant Breed Crop Sci. 934
Estimate of Heritability and Genetic Advance
Estimates of heritability in the broad sense (H2) and
genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM) for 23
traits of potato genotypes are presented in Table 3. The
associated values for heritability in the broad sense and
genetic advance as percent of mean ranged from 38.13 to
91.64% and 1.28 to 73.50%, respectively. Heritability and
genetic advance as percent of mean values were high for
plant height, average stem number, leaf area index, shoot
dry mass weight, average tuber number, average tuber
weight, total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield,
unmarketable tuber yield, small size tubers, large size
tubers and length to width ratio. A similar study carried by
Ikbal and Khan (2003); Ummyiah et al. (2010); Getachew
et al. (2016); Tripura et al. (2016) reported for plant height,
average stem number, average tuber number, average
tuber weight, total tuber yield and marketable tuber yield
both high heritability (> 60%) and genetic advance (> 20%)
as a percent of the mean.
High heritability values associated with moderate values of
genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for
days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, sphericity of the
tuber, dry matter content and total starch content.
Heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean
values moderate for tubers dry mass weight, total biomass
weight, medium-size tubers, and geometric mean
diameter. Ummyiah et al. (2010) reported high heritability
(>60%) with moderate genetic advance (>20%) as a
percent of the mean for dry matter content. Addisu et al.
(2013); Getachew et al. (2016) reported moderate
heritability (30-60%) associated with moderate genetic
advance as percent of the mean (10-20%) for total
biomass weight and medium-size tuber.
CONCLUSION
The difference between the values of PCV and GCV was
low (<5%) for the majority of the traits. This suggested that
most of the traits were less influenced by environmental
factors and selection based on phenotype expression of
the genotypes could be applied as breeding methods to
improve the traits. The use of heritability and genetic
advance is used to determining the degree of genetic gain
from the selection of a trait. The selection efficiency for
yield and processing quality can be obtained by identifying
traits that exhibit high GA and heritability. The variation
within the traits means that there is a possibility of
maximizing gains during crop improvement. Average tuber
number, average tuber weight, specific gravity of tubers,
dry matter content and total starch content, are major traits
used during selection for yield and processing quality.
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