Cloud computing has taken an importantposition in the field of research as well as in thegovernment organisations. Cloud computing uses virtualnetwork technology to provide computer resources tothe end users as well as to the customer’s. Due tocomplex computing environment the use of high logicsand task scheduler algorithms are increase which resultsin costly operation of cloud network. Researchers areattempting to build such kind of job scheduling algorithms that are compatible and applicable in cloud computing environment.In this paper, we review research work which is recently proposed by researchers on the base of energy saving scheduling techniques. We also studying various scheduling algorithms and issues related to them in cloud computing.
Cloud computing is an emerging technology. It process huge amount of data so scheduling mechanism
works as a vital role in the cloud computing. Thus my protocol is designed to minimize the switching time,
improve the resource utilization and also improve the server performance and throughput. This method or
protocol is based on scheduling the jobs in the cloud and to solve the drawbacks in the existing protocols.
Here we assign the priority to the job which gives better performance to the computer and try my best to
minimize the waiting time and switching time. Best effort has been made to manage the scheduling of jobs
for solving drawbacks of existing protocols and also improvise the efficiency and throughput of the server.
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system.
A survey of various scheduling algorithm in cloud computing environmenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Cloud computing is an emerging technology. It process huge amount of data so scheduling mechanism
works as a vital role in the cloud computing. Thus my protocol is designed to minimize the switching time,
improve the resource utilization and also improve the server performance and throughput. This method or
protocol is based on scheduling the jobs in the cloud and to solve the drawbacks in the existing protocols.
Here we assign the priority to the job which gives better performance to the computer and try my best to
minimize the waiting time and switching time. Best effort has been made to manage the scheduling of jobs
for solving drawbacks of existing protocols and also improvise the efficiency and throughput of the server.
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system.
A survey of various scheduling algorithm in cloud computing environmenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Application of selective algorithm for effective resource provisioning in clo...ijccsa
Modern day continued demand for resource hungry services and applications in IT sector has led to
development of Cloud computing. Cloud computing environment involves high cost infrastructure on one
hand and need high scale computational resources on the other hand. These resources need to be
provisioned (allocation and scheduling) to the end users in most efficient manner so that the tremendous
capabilities of cloud are utilized effectively and efficiently. In this paper we discuss a selective algorithm
for allocation of cloud resources to end-users on-demand basis. This algorithm is based on min-min and
max-min algorithms. These are two conventional task scheduling algorithm. The selective algorithm uses
certain heuristics to select between the two algorithms so that overall makespan of tasks on the machines is
minimized. The tasks are scheduled on machines in either space shared or time shared manner. We
evaluate our provisioning heuristics using a cloud simulator, called CloudSim. We also compared our
approach to the statistics obtained when provisioning of resources was done in First-Cum-First-
Serve(FCFS) manner. The experimental results show that overall makespan of tasks on given set of VMs
minimizes significantly in different scenarios.
TASK SCHEDULING USING AMALGAMATION OF MET HEURISTICS SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGOR...Journal For Research
Cloud Computing is the latest networking technology and also popular archetype for hosting the application and delivering of services over the network. The foremost technology of the cloud computing is virtualization which enables of building the applications, dynamically sharing of resources and providing diverse services to the cloud users. With virtualization, a service provider can guarantee Quality of Service to the user at the same time as achieving higher server consumption and energy competence. One of the most important challenges in the cloud computing environment is the VM placemnt and task scheduling problem. This paper focus on Metaheuristic Swarm Optimisation Algorithms(MSOA) deals with the problem of VM placement and Task scheduling in cloud environment. The MSOA is a simple parallel algorithm that can be applied in different ways to resolve the task scheduling problems. The proposed algorithm is considered an amalgamation of the SO algorithm and the Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm; called MSOACS. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using Cloudsim Simulator. The results proves the reduction of the makespan and increase the utilization ratio of the proposed MSOACS algorithm compared with SOA algorithms and Randomised Allocation Allocation (RA).
Time Efficient VM Allocation using KD-Tree Approach in Cloud Server Environmentrahulmonikasharma
Cloud computing is an incipient and quickly evolving model, with new expenses and capabilities being proclaimed frequently. The increases of user on cloud with the expansion of variety of services, with that the complete allocation of resource with the minimum latent time for Virtual machine is necessary. To allocate this virtual cloud computing resources to the cloud user is a key technical issue because user demand is dynamic in nature that required dynamic allocation of resource too. To improve the allocation there must be a correct balanced algorithmic scheduling for Resource Allocation Technique. The aim of this work is to allocate resource to scientific experiment request coming from multiple users, wherever customized Virtual machines (VM) are aloft in applicable host out there in cloud. Therefore, properly programmed scheduling cloud is extremely vital and it’s significant to develop efficient scheduling methods for appropriately allocation of VMs into physical resource. The planned formulas minimize the time interval quality so as of O (Log n) by adopting KD-Tree.
Energy Efficient Heuristic Base Job Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud ComputingIOSRjournaljce
Cloud computing environment provides the cost efficient solution to customers by the resource provisioning and flexible customized configuration. The interest of cloud computing is growing around the globe at very fast pace because it provides scalable virtualized infrastructure by mean of which extensive computing capabilities can be used by the cloud clients to execute their submitted jobs. It becomes challenge for the cloud infrastructure to manage and schedule these jobs originated by different cloud users to available resources in such a manner to strengthen the overall performance of the system. As the number of user increases the job scheduling become an intensive task. Energy efficient job scheduling is one constructive solution to streamline the resource utilization as well as to reduce the energy consumption. Though there are several scheduling algorithms available, this paper intends to present job scheduling based on two Heuristic approaches i.e. Efficient MQS (Multi-queue job scheduling) and ACO (Ant colony optimization) and further evaluating the effectiveness of both approaches by considering the parameter of energy consumption and time in cloud computing.
Hybrid Based Resource Provisioning in CloudEditor IJCATR
The data centres and energy consumption characteristics of the various machines are often noted with different capacities.
The public cloud workloads of different priorities and performance requirements of various applications when analysed we had noted
some invariant reports about cloud. The Cloud data centres become capable of sensing an opportunity to present a different program.
In out proposed work, we are using a hybrid method for resource provisioning in data centres. This method is used to allocate the
resources at the working conditions and also for the energy stored in the power consumptions. Proposed method is used to allocate the
process behind the cloud storage.
Dynamic Cloud Partitioning and Load Balancing in Cloud Shyam Hajare
Cloud computing is the emerging and transformational paradigm in the field of information technology. It mostly focuses in providing various services on demand and resource allocation and secure data storage are some of them. To store huge amount of data and accessing data from such metadata is new challenge. Distributing and balancing of the load over a cloud using cloud partitioning can ease the situation. Implementing load balancing by considering static as well as dynamic parameters can improve the performance cloud service provider and can improve the user satisfaction. Implementation the model can provide dynamic way of resource selection de-pending upon different situation of cloud environment at the time of accessing cloud provisions based on cloud partitioning. This model can provide effective load balancing algorithm over the cloud environment, better refresh time methods and better load status evaluation methods.
Quality of Service based Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing IJECEIAES
In cloud computing resources are considered as services hence utilization of the resources in an efficient way is done by using task scheduling and load balancing. Quality of service is an important factor to measure the trustiness of the cloud. Using quality of service in task scheduling will address the problems of security in cloud computing. This paper studied quality of service based task scheduling algorithms and the parameters used for scheduling. By comparing the results the efficiency of the algorithm is measured and limitations are given. We can improve the efficiency of the quality of service based task scheduling algorithms by considering these factors arriving time of the task, time taken by the task to execute on the resource and the cost in use for the communication.
dynamic resource allocation using virtual machines for cloud computing enviro...Kumar Goud
Abstract—Cloud computing allows business customers to scale up and down their resource usage based on needs., we present a system that uses virtualization technology to allocate data center resources dynamically based on application demands and support green computing by optimizing the number of servers in use. We introduce the concept of “skewness” to measure the unevenness in the multidimensional resource utilization of a server. By minimizing imbalance, we will mix completely different of workloads nicely and improve the overall utilization of server resources. We develop a set of heuristics that prevent overload in the system effectively while saving energy used. Many of the touted gains in the cloud model come from resource multiplexing through virtualization technology. In this paper Trace driven simulation and experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves good performance.
Index Terms—Cloud computing, resource management, virtualization, green computing.
Challenges in Dynamic Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling in Heterogeneou...rahulmonikasharma
Resource Allocation and Task scheduling are the most important key words in today’s dynamic cloud based applications. Task scheduling involves assigning tasks to available processors with the aim of producing minimum execution time, whereas resource allocation involves deciding on an allocation policy to allocate resources to various tasks so as to have maximum resource utilization. Algorithms used for scheduling resources for virtual machines are designed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Majority of the algorithms focus on processing ability often neglecting other features such as network bandwidth and actual resource requirements. One of the major pitfalls in cloud computing is related to optimizing the resources being allocated. Because of the uniqueness of the model, resource allocation is performed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with it. The other challenges of resource allocation are meeting customer demands and application requirements. In this paper we will focus on the challenges faced in task scheduling and resource allocation in dynamic heterogeneous clouds.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of selective algorithm for effective resource provisioning in clo...ijccsa
Modern day continued demand for resource hungry services and applications in IT sector has led to
development of Cloud computing. Cloud computing environment involves high cost infrastructure on one
hand and need high scale computational resources on the other hand. These resources need to be
provisioned (allocation and scheduling) to the end users in most efficient manner so that the tremendous
capabilities of cloud are utilized effectively and efficiently. In this paper we discuss a selective algorithm
for allocation of cloud resources to end-users on-demand basis. This algorithm is based on min-min and
max-min algorithms. These are two conventional task scheduling algorithm. The selective algorithm uses
certain heuristics to select between the two algorithms so that overall makespan of tasks on the machines is
minimized. The tasks are scheduled on machines in either space shared or time shared manner. We
evaluate our provisioning heuristics using a cloud simulator, called CloudSim. We also compared our
approach to the statistics obtained when provisioning of resources was done in First-Cum-First-
Serve(FCFS) manner. The experimental results show that overall makespan of tasks on given set of VMs
minimizes significantly in different scenarios.
TASK SCHEDULING USING AMALGAMATION OF MET HEURISTICS SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGOR...Journal For Research
Cloud Computing is the latest networking technology and also popular archetype for hosting the application and delivering of services over the network. The foremost technology of the cloud computing is virtualization which enables of building the applications, dynamically sharing of resources and providing diverse services to the cloud users. With virtualization, a service provider can guarantee Quality of Service to the user at the same time as achieving higher server consumption and energy competence. One of the most important challenges in the cloud computing environment is the VM placemnt and task scheduling problem. This paper focus on Metaheuristic Swarm Optimisation Algorithms(MSOA) deals with the problem of VM placement and Task scheduling in cloud environment. The MSOA is a simple parallel algorithm that can be applied in different ways to resolve the task scheduling problems. The proposed algorithm is considered an amalgamation of the SO algorithm and the Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm; called MSOACS. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using Cloudsim Simulator. The results proves the reduction of the makespan and increase the utilization ratio of the proposed MSOACS algorithm compared with SOA algorithms and Randomised Allocation Allocation (RA).
Time Efficient VM Allocation using KD-Tree Approach in Cloud Server Environmentrahulmonikasharma
Cloud computing is an incipient and quickly evolving model, with new expenses and capabilities being proclaimed frequently. The increases of user on cloud with the expansion of variety of services, with that the complete allocation of resource with the minimum latent time for Virtual machine is necessary. To allocate this virtual cloud computing resources to the cloud user is a key technical issue because user demand is dynamic in nature that required dynamic allocation of resource too. To improve the allocation there must be a correct balanced algorithmic scheduling for Resource Allocation Technique. The aim of this work is to allocate resource to scientific experiment request coming from multiple users, wherever customized Virtual machines (VM) are aloft in applicable host out there in cloud. Therefore, properly programmed scheduling cloud is extremely vital and it’s significant to develop efficient scheduling methods for appropriately allocation of VMs into physical resource. The planned formulas minimize the time interval quality so as of O (Log n) by adopting KD-Tree.
Energy Efficient Heuristic Base Job Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud ComputingIOSRjournaljce
Cloud computing environment provides the cost efficient solution to customers by the resource provisioning and flexible customized configuration. The interest of cloud computing is growing around the globe at very fast pace because it provides scalable virtualized infrastructure by mean of which extensive computing capabilities can be used by the cloud clients to execute their submitted jobs. It becomes challenge for the cloud infrastructure to manage and schedule these jobs originated by different cloud users to available resources in such a manner to strengthen the overall performance of the system. As the number of user increases the job scheduling become an intensive task. Energy efficient job scheduling is one constructive solution to streamline the resource utilization as well as to reduce the energy consumption. Though there are several scheduling algorithms available, this paper intends to present job scheduling based on two Heuristic approaches i.e. Efficient MQS (Multi-queue job scheduling) and ACO (Ant colony optimization) and further evaluating the effectiveness of both approaches by considering the parameter of energy consumption and time in cloud computing.
Hybrid Based Resource Provisioning in CloudEditor IJCATR
The data centres and energy consumption characteristics of the various machines are often noted with different capacities.
The public cloud workloads of different priorities and performance requirements of various applications when analysed we had noted
some invariant reports about cloud. The Cloud data centres become capable of sensing an opportunity to present a different program.
In out proposed work, we are using a hybrid method for resource provisioning in data centres. This method is used to allocate the
resources at the working conditions and also for the energy stored in the power consumptions. Proposed method is used to allocate the
process behind the cloud storage.
Dynamic Cloud Partitioning and Load Balancing in Cloud Shyam Hajare
Cloud computing is the emerging and transformational paradigm in the field of information technology. It mostly focuses in providing various services on demand and resource allocation and secure data storage are some of them. To store huge amount of data and accessing data from such metadata is new challenge. Distributing and balancing of the load over a cloud using cloud partitioning can ease the situation. Implementing load balancing by considering static as well as dynamic parameters can improve the performance cloud service provider and can improve the user satisfaction. Implementation the model can provide dynamic way of resource selection de-pending upon different situation of cloud environment at the time of accessing cloud provisions based on cloud partitioning. This model can provide effective load balancing algorithm over the cloud environment, better refresh time methods and better load status evaluation methods.
Quality of Service based Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing IJECEIAES
In cloud computing resources are considered as services hence utilization of the resources in an efficient way is done by using task scheduling and load balancing. Quality of service is an important factor to measure the trustiness of the cloud. Using quality of service in task scheduling will address the problems of security in cloud computing. This paper studied quality of service based task scheduling algorithms and the parameters used for scheduling. By comparing the results the efficiency of the algorithm is measured and limitations are given. We can improve the efficiency of the quality of service based task scheduling algorithms by considering these factors arriving time of the task, time taken by the task to execute on the resource and the cost in use for the communication.
dynamic resource allocation using virtual machines for cloud computing enviro...Kumar Goud
Abstract—Cloud computing allows business customers to scale up and down their resource usage based on needs., we present a system that uses virtualization technology to allocate data center resources dynamically based on application demands and support green computing by optimizing the number of servers in use. We introduce the concept of “skewness” to measure the unevenness in the multidimensional resource utilization of a server. By minimizing imbalance, we will mix completely different of workloads nicely and improve the overall utilization of server resources. We develop a set of heuristics that prevent overload in the system effectively while saving energy used. Many of the touted gains in the cloud model come from resource multiplexing through virtualization technology. In this paper Trace driven simulation and experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves good performance.
Index Terms—Cloud computing, resource management, virtualization, green computing.
Challenges in Dynamic Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling in Heterogeneou...rahulmonikasharma
Resource Allocation and Task scheduling are the most important key words in today’s dynamic cloud based applications. Task scheduling involves assigning tasks to available processors with the aim of producing minimum execution time, whereas resource allocation involves deciding on an allocation policy to allocate resources to various tasks so as to have maximum resource utilization. Algorithms used for scheduling resources for virtual machines are designed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Majority of the algorithms focus on processing ability often neglecting other features such as network bandwidth and actual resource requirements. One of the major pitfalls in cloud computing is related to optimizing the resources being allocated. Because of the uniqueness of the model, resource allocation is performed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with it. The other challenges of resource allocation are meeting customer demands and application requirements. In this paper we will focus on the challenges faced in task scheduling and resource allocation in dynamic heterogeneous clouds.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Secure Cloud Storage System with Data Forwarding using Proxy Re-encryption ...IJTET Journal
Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common support which contributes services on
demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. A cloud storage system, consisting of a collection
of storage servers, affords long-term storage services over the internet. Storing the data in a third party cloud system cause serious
concern over data confidentiality, without considering the local infrastructure limitations, the cloud services allow the user to enjoy the
cloud applications. As the different users may be working in the collaborative relationship, the data sharing becomes significant to
achieve productive benefit during the data accessing. The existing security system only focuses on the authentication; it shows that
user’s private data cannot be accessed by the fake users. To address the above cloud storage privacy issue shared authority based
privacy-preserving authentication protocol is used. In the SAPA, the shared access authority is achieved by anonymous access request
and privacy consideration, attribute based access control allows the user to access their own data fields. To provide the data sharing
among the multiple users proxy re-encryption scheme is applied by the cloud server. The privacy-preserving data access authority
sharing is attractive for multi-user collaborative cloud applications.
Ant colony Optimization: A Solution of Load balancing in Cloud dannyijwest
As the cloud computing is a new style of computing over internet. It has many advantages along with some
crucial issues to be resolved in order to improve reliability of cloud environment. These issues are related
with the load management, fault tolerance and different security issues in cloud environment. In this paper
the main concern is load balancing in cloud computing. The load can be CPU load, memory capacity,
delay or network load. Load balancing is the process of distributing the load among various nodes of a
distributed system to improve both resource utilization and job response time while also avoiding a
situation where some of the nodes are heavily loaded while other nodes are idle or doing very little work.
Load balancing ensures that all the processor in the system or every node in the network does
approximately the equal amount of work at any instant of time. Many methods to resolve this problem has
been came into existence like Particle Swarm Optimization, hash method, genetic algorithms and several
scheduling based algorithms are there. In this paper we are proposing a method based on Ant Colony
optimization to resolve the problem of load balancing in cloud environment.
Across the world, governments are trying to present, in the best p.docxdaniahendric
Across the world, governments are trying to present, in the best possible way, their government services to citizens. Using the new technology is paramount to reduce this interaction through effective and efficient services.
Cloud Computing is a computing concept that is formed from the aggregation and development architecture such as SOA. Its purpose is to provide resources for communication and storage in a secure environment based on the service as quickly as possible, which is virtually implemented, via Internet access.
As the services provided by the e-Government are available via the Internet, so the benefits of Cloud Computing can be used in theimplementation of e-Government architecture to provide better service with the least economic cost.
Many countries have attempted to implement the e-Government based on the functionality provided by Cloud Computing, some of these countries have achieved remarkable success, and others have confronted difficult to make it worked.
This article will explore the use of Cloud Computing in e-Government, identify challenges and benefits of this use, and finish with benchmarking countries that have followed this approach.
Keywords: e-Government, Cloud Computing, Public services, Advantages, Challenges, Benchmarking, European governments, Arabic governments.
1. Introduction
For the past 10 years, the Internet and web services have experienced rapid and significant increases, which generated through their use in all sectors of activity, a high cost of data storage and consumption energy and complexities of implementation and infrastructure solutions.
To remedy this, large organizations have begun extensive studies to reduce these costs and complexities and they deduced the CloudComputing.
Today, Cloud Computing, this new technology, has effectively respond to thousands of their hardware and software needs, and it is considered the topic most requested by academics and research centers related to the field of information technology.
The e-Government among the industries that used the Internet and web services, seeks firstly overwhelming user satisfaction, and others from the implementation of an effective system based on Information Technology. To do this, the e-Government adopted to use the concepts of Cloud Computing.
2. Cloud Computing
2.1. Definition
In 2009, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [9] published a definition of Cloud Computing as : "a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."
This definition was included in the Global Security Mag magazine as "Cloud Computing is a new way of delivering IT resources, not a new technology." Moreover, this concept has been proven in my post in the second edition of the PhD day ...
Latest development of cloud computing technology, characteristics, challenge,...sushil Choudhary
Cloud computing is a network-based environment that focuses on sharing computations, Cloud computing networks access to a shared pool of configurable networks, servers, storage, service, applications & other important Computing resources. In modern era of Information Technology, the accesses to all information about the important activities of the related fields. In this paper discuss the advantages, disadvantages, characteristics, challenge, deployment model, cloud service model, cloud service provider & various applications areas of cloud computing such as small & large scale (manufacturing, automation, television, broadcast, constructions industries), Geographical Information system (GIS), Military intelligence fusion (MIS), business management, banking, Education, healthcare, Agriculture sector, E-Governance, project planning, cloud computing in family etc. Keywords: Cloud computing, community model, hybrid model, Public model, private model
www.iosrjournals.org 57 | Page Latest development of cloud computing technolo...Sushil kumar Choudhary
Cloud computing is a network-based environment that focuses on sharing computations, Cloud computing networks access to a shared pool of configurable networks, servers, storage, service, applications & other important Computing resources. In modern era of Information Technology, the accesses to all information about the important activities of the related fields. In this paper discuss the advantages, disadvantages, characteristics, challenge, deployment model, cloud service model, cloud service provider & various applications areas of cloud computing such as small & large scale (manufacturing, automation, television, broadcast, constructions industries), Geographical Information system (GIS), Military intelligence fusion (MIS), business management, banking, Education, healthcare, Agriculture sector, E-Governance, project planning, cloud computing in family etc.
A Secure Cloud Storage System with Data Forwarding using Proxy Re-encryption ...IJTET Journal
Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common support which contributes services on demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. A cloud storage system, consisting of a collection of storage servers, affords long-term storage services over the internet. Storing the data in a third party cloud system cause serious concern over data confidentiality, without considering the local infrastructure limitations, the cloud services allow the user to enjoy the cloud applications. As the different users may be working in the collaborative relationship, the data sharing becomes significant to achieve productive benefit during the data accessing. The existing security system only focuses on the authentication; it shows that user’s private data cannot be accessed by the fake users. To address the above cloud storage privacy issue shared authority based privacy-preserving authentication protocol is used. In the SAPA, the shared access authority is achieved by anonymous access request and privacy consideration, attribute based access control allows the user to access their own data fields. To provide the data sharing among the multiple users proxy re-encryption scheme is applied by the cloud server. The privacy-preserving data access authority sharing is attractive for multi-user collaborative cloud applications.
Security & privacy issues of cloud & grid computing networksijcsa
Cloud computing is a new field in Internet computing that provides novel perspectives in internetworking
technologies. Cloud computing has become a significant technology in field of information technology.
Security of confidential data is a very important area of concern as it can make way for very big problems
if unauthorized users get access to it. Cloud computing should have proper techniques where data is
segregated properly for data security and confidentiality. This paper strives to compare and contrast cloud
computing with grid computing, along with the Tools and simulation environment & Tips to store data and
files safely in Cloud.
Cloud Computing is a versatile technology that can support a broad-spectrum of applications. The low cost of cloud computing and its dynamic scaling renders it an innovation driver for small companies, particularly in the developing world. Cloud deployed enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management applications (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM) applications, medical applications and mobile applications have potential to reach millions of users. In this paper, we explore the different concepts involved in cloud computing. Leveraging our experiences on various clouds, we examine clouds from technical, and service aspects. We highlight some of the opportunities in cloud computing, underlining the importance of clouds and showing why that technology must succeed. Finally, we discuss some of the issues that this area should deal with. The paper aims to provide a means of understanding the model and exploring options available for complementing your technology and infrastructure needs.
In this paper we are study-ing about cloud computing, their types, need to use cloud computing. We also study the architecture of the mobile cloud computing. So we included new techniques for backup and restoring data from mobile to cloud. Here we proposed to apply some compres-sion technique while backup and restore data from Smartphone to cloud and cloud to the Smartphone.
Similar to Cloud computing Review over various scheduling algorithms (20)
A survey on Energy Efficient ProtocolsLEACH, Fuzzy-based approach and Neural ...IJEEE
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays a very important role in transmitting the data from source to destination but energy consumption is one of the major challenges in these networks. WSN consists of hundreds to thousands of nodes which consume energy while transmitting the information and with a span of time whole energy get consumed and network life time gets reduced. Clustering and Cluster head (CH) selection are important parameters used to enhance the lifetime of the WSN. Clustering use two methods: rotating CH periodically in every round to distribute the energy consumption among nodes and the node with more residual energy becomes CH.This research paper is focused on the performance of the techniques used to enhance the energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Low- Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Fuzzy- Based and Neural Network are some of the important techniques used. MATLAB simulation tool is considered in this paper.
Implementation of Back-Propagation Neural Network using Scilab and its Conver...IJEEE
Artificial neural network has been widely used for solving non-linear complex tasks. With the development of computer technology, machine learning techniques are becoming good choice. The selection of the machine learning technique depends upon the viability for particular application. Most of the non-linear problems have been solved using back propagation based neural network. The training time of neural network is directly affected by convergence speed. Several efforts are done to improve the convergence speed of back propagation algorithm. This paper focuses on the implementation of back-propagation algorithm and an effort to improve its convergence speed. The algorithm is written in SCILAB. UCI standard data set is used for analysis purposes. Proposed modification in standard backpropagation algorithm provides substantial improvement in the convergence speed.
Automated Air Cooled Three Level Inverter system using ArduinoIJEEE
The output voltage of a three level inverter is stepped voltage in which the output voltage have three possible values. Such systems can be used to interface renewable energy sources with the grid. Temperature has significant effect on performance of power MOSFETs. Typically, the MOSFETs used as power switches in such applications are a significant source of heat, and the heat energy dissipated by these components must be carefully controlled if operating temperatures are to be maintained. So for the system to work efficiently cooling of MOSFETs is required. This paper proposed an automated air cooled 3 level H-bridge inverter. The system consists of MOSFETs, LM 35 temperature sensor, Optocouplers for isolation. Arduino is used to control the on-off operation of fan. When temperature rises above certain level fan turns on to cool the MOSFETs.
In this work, a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) unit cell is simulated in a waveguide with electromagnetic field solver High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Analytical calculations of the inductance and capacitance have been also carried out to obtain the resonant frequencies for SRR dimensions. A comparison between calculated and simulated resonance frequencies)) is done. A good correlation between simulated and measured resonance frequencies is achieved.
In this paper, we provide the average bit error probabilities of MQAM and MPSK in the presence of log normal shadowing using Maximal Ratio Combining technique for L diversity branches. We have derived probability of density function (PDF) of received signal to noise ratio (SNR) for L diversity branches in Log Normal fadingfor Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC). We have used Fenton-Wilkinson method to estimate the parameters for a single log-normal distribution that approximates the sum of log-normal random variables (RVs). The results that we provide in this paper are an important tool for measuring the performance ofcommunication links in a log-normal shadowing.
An Approach to Speech and Iris based Multimodal Biometric SystemIJEEE
Biometrics is the science and technology of human identification and verification through the use of feature set extracted from the biological data of the individual to be recognized. Unimodal and Multimodal systems are the two modal systems which have been developed so far. Unimodal biometric systems use a single biometric trait but they face limitations in the system performance due to the presence of noise in data, interclass variations and spoof attacks. These problems can be resolved by using multimodal biometrics which rely on more than one biometric information to produce better recognition results. This paper presents an overview of the multimodal biometrics, various fusion levels used in them and suggests the use of iris and speech using score level fusion for a multimodal biometric system.
An Overview of EDFA Gain Flattening by Using Hybrid AmplifierIJEEE
Data communication systems are increasingly engrossing optical fiber communication system as the transmission paths for the information, the information is in the form of light pulses sending from one place to another through the optical fiber. Several types of optical amplifiers have been developed in optical fiber communication system to amplify the optical signals. The erbium doped fiber amplifier is one of the optical fiber amplifiers which are used for long distance communication. The most significant points in any optical amplifier design are gain and noise figure. They are connected to one another. The other optical amplifier, Raman amplifier has wide gain bandwidth. The EDFA gain spectrum has variations over 1536 to 1552 nm, therefore the gain flattening is a research issue in recent years with the development of high capacity DWDM. The gain variation becomes a problem as the number of channels increases. The gain of EDFA depends on large number of device parameters such as, Erbium ion concentration, amplifier length, core radius, pump power. Raman amplifiers can be combined with EDFAs to expand the optical gain flattened bandwidth. This paper focuses on different methods used for the gain flattening.
Design and Implementation of FPGA Based Low Power Pipelined 64 Bit Risc Proce...IJEEE
This paper presents an efficient design and implementation of a 64 bit RISC Processor for Data Logging System. RISC is a design mechanism to reduce the amount of space, time, cost, power and heat etc. reduces the complexity of instruction. The processor is designed for both fixed and floating point number arithmetic calculation. A Data Logger is an electronic instrument that records environmental parameters such as temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed light intensity, water level and water quality. Data Loggers find its key application where automation and control is required. The necessary code written in the hardware description language Verilog HDL.
Design of Image Segmentation Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicle Navigationusing...IJEEE
In the past few years Autonomous vehicles have gained importance due to its widespread applications in the field of civilian and military applications. On-board camera on autonomous vehicles captures the images which need to be processed in real time using the image segmentation algorithm. On board processing of video(frames)in real time is a big challenging task as it involves extracting the information and performing the required operations for navigation.This paper proposes an approach for vision based autonomous vehicle navigation in indoor environment using the designed image segmentation algorithm. The vision based navigation is applied to autonomous vehicle and it is implemented using the Raspberry Pi camera module on Raspberry Pi Model-B+ with the designed image segmentation algorithm. The image segmentation algorithm has been built using smoothing,thresholding, morpho- logical operations, and edge detection. The reference images of directions in the path are detected by the vehicle and accordingly it moves in right or left directions or stops at destination. The vehicle finds the path from source to destination using reference directions. It first captures the video,segments the video(frame by frame), finds the edges in the segmented frame and moves accordingly. The Raspberry Pi also transmits the capture video and segmented results using the Wi-Fi to the remote system for monitoring. The autonomous vehicle is also capable of finding obstacle in its path and the detection is done using the ultrasonic sensors.
Performance Analysis of GSM Network for Different Types of Antennas IJEEE
Today, in metro cities BTSs are increasing day by day and interference is also increasing. This paper shows the received power of the cell depends on a number of factors. Antenna gain and antenna type are one of the important parameters for this. This paper reveals the effect of signal received power by changing the antenna gain and antenna type.The antenna used is omnidirectional and switched beam and gain varies from 5 to 15 dB.The GSM network is simulated for 6 users in Qualnet software.
On the Performance Analysis of Composite Multipath/Shadowing (Weibull-Log Nor...IJEEE
Composite multipath/shadowing fading environments are frequently encountered in different mobile realistic scenarios. These channels are generally modeled differentComposite multipath/shadowing fading. In this paper wepresent the performance analysis of composite (Weibull-Lognormal shadowed) fading. We adopt efficient toolproposed by Holtzman to approximate composite (Weibull-Lognormal shadowed) fading. The performance measures offading communication systems such as Probability densityfunction (PDF) of Signal to Noise ratio (SNR), Amount offading (AF), Outage probability (Pout) and ChannelCapacity(C/B) will be calculated. Graphical results will bepresented for different signals and fading parameters. Thedifferent expressions that will be provided are of greatimportance in assessing the performance of communicationsystems in composite channels.
Design Analysis of Delay Register with PTL Logic using 90 nm TechnologyIJEEE
This paper presents low area and power efficient delay register using CMOS transistors. The proposed register has reduced area than the conventional register. This resistor design consists of 6 NMOS and 6 PMOS. The proposed delay register has been designed in logic editor and simulated using 90nm technology. Also the layout simulation and parametric analysis has been done to find out the results. In this paper register has been designed using full automatic layout design and semicustom layout design. Then the performance of these different designs has been analyzed and compared in terms of power, delay and area. The simulation result shows that circuit design of delay register using PTL techniques improved by power 0.05% and 61.8% area.
Carbon Nanotubes Based Sensor for Detection of Traces of Gas Molecules- A ReviewIJEEE
In this review paper, we discuss various gas sensors based on technique and sensing materials used in there fabrication. Various sensors are designed making use of salient features of carbon nanotubes and its electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties. Effect of using nano-composites on sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensor have been studied.
Routing Protocols in Zigbee Based networks: A SurveyIJEEE
ZigBee is the new standard developed wireless personal area network (WPAN) based on IEEE 802.15.4 for low cost, low data rate and low power consumption wireless network. In present times, zigbee has become a hot topic for research and development all over the world. This paper briefly describes various ZigBee network topologies including star, cluster tree and mesh topology and further introduces different ZigBee routing protocols such as AODV, AODVjr, Hierarchical, Integrated and Enhanced hierarchical routing protocol (EHRP).
A Survey of Routing Protocols for Structural Health MonitoringIJEEE
Wireless sensor networks have emerged in recent years as a promising technology that can impact the field of structural monitoring and infrastructure asset management. Various routing protocols are used to define communication among sensor nodes of the wireless sensor network for purpose of disseminating information. These routing protocols can be designed to improve the network performance in terms of energy consumption, delay and security issues. This paper discusses the requirements of routing protocol for Structural health monitoring and presents summary of various routing protocols used for WSNs for Structural health monitoring.
Layout Design Analysis of SR Flip Flop using CMOS TechnologyIJEEE
This paper presents an area, delay and power efficient design of SR flip flop. As the chip manufacturing technology is on the threshold of evaluation, which shrinks a chip in size and enhances its performance, here the flip flop is implemented in a layout level which develops an optimized design using recent CMOS layout tools. The proposed SR flip flop has been designed and simulated using 45nm technology. After that, parametric analysis has been done. In this paper, flip flop has been developed using full automatic design flow and semi-custom design flow. The performance of SR flip flop layouts using different design flows has been analyzed and compared in terms of area, delay and power consumption. The simulation results show that the design of SR flip flop using semi-custom design flow improved the area occupied by 46.9% and power consumption is reduced by 38.4%.
Codec Scheme for Power Optimization in VLSI InterconnectsIJEEE
This paper presents a codec scheme for optimizing power in VLSI Interconnects. It is based on the traditional bus encoding method which is considered to be one of the most effective ways of power and delay reduction. The work done aims at optimizing power by designing the scheme using Full-Custom design approach. The model has been designed and implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18µm CMOS technology. Power has been computed for different possible combinations of input data. Delay has been reckoned for the maximum power consuming input combination. Layout editor has been used to generate the physical description of the circuit. The 4 bit input data combination consuming maximum dynamic power of 6.44µW and propagation delay of 722.7ps is “1000” with previously transmitted 4 bit data being “0111”. A significant power reduction of 38.89% has been observed by designing the scheme using Full-Custom approach as compared to the conventional Semi-Custom approach of design.
Design of Planar Inverted F-Antenna for Multiband Applications IJEEE
Planar Inverted F- Antenna (PIFA) is widely used in handheld devices because of its various advantages like compact size, good bandwidth and moderate radiation patterns. In this paper, a design of Planar Inverted F- Antenna(PIFA) is proposed that resonates at the frequency of 2.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 300MHz. The relative permittivity of the substrate used is 2.2. The antenna is fed by coaxial feed. Also, gain, VSWR and radiation pattern of the antenna are studied.
Layout Design Analysis of CMOS Comparator using 180nm TechnologyIJEEE
Comparator is a very useful and basic arithmetic component of digital system. In the world of technology the demand of portable devices are increasing day by day. This paper presents CMOS design of 1-bit comparator on 180nm technology. The layout of 1-bit comparator has been developed using Automatic and semi-custom techniques. Both the layouts are compared and analyzed in terms of their Power and Area consumption. Automatic layout is generated from its equivalent schematic whereas semi-custom layout is developed manually. The result shows that semi-custom consumes less power as compared to Automatic.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Cloud computing Review over various scheduling algorithms
1. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
147 NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT-2015
Cloud computing
Review over various scheduling algorithms
Meenakshi Bhagtani
PhD Scholar, University Of Kota, Kota
mm12dec@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: Cloud computing has taken an important
position in the field of research as well as in the
government organisations. Cloud computing uses virtual
network technology to provide computer resources to
the end users as well as to the customer’s. Due to
complex computing environment the use of high logics
and task scheduler algorithms are increase which results
in costly operation of cloud network. Researchers are
attempting to build such kind of job scheduling algorithms
that are compatible and applicable in cloud computing
environment.In this paper, we review research work which is
recently proposed by researchers on the base of energy saving
scheduling techniques. We also studying various scheduling
algorithms and issues related to them in cloud computing.
Keywords: Cloud computing, virtualization, schedulers
CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing will spark a revolution in a way
organizations provide or consume information and
computing. Today’s most popular social networking site,
e-mail services , document sharing and online gaming
sites, are hosted on a cloud network of servers. Whereas
the giants of computer field like Microsoft are also taken
initiative to develop a cloud network for their users across
the globe. And to do that, more than half of their
developers and R&D are working on the project.
We define cloud computing, based on capabilities, which
are provided “as software”, “as a platform” and “as an
infrastructure” for consumers and enterprise to access on
demand regardless of time and location4.
Three basic services provided by cloud computing are as
follows:
Software as a service
Platform as a service
Infrastructure as a service
While doing study about cloud computing, found that
scheduling and resource allocation are the important
research topic. A scheduler is required to schedule number
of virtual machine, as virtual machine are used to request
from consumer, to save maximum energy and achieve
greater degree of load balancing and less resource
utilization from network which makes cloud computing
more responsive.
The main objective of scheduling algorithms in
distributed systems is to spreading the load on
processors and maximizing their utilization while
minimizing the total task execution time while performing
Job scheduling, one of the most known optimization
problems, plays an important role for creating a flexible
and reliable systems. The main purpose of using such kind
of scheduler is to schedule jobs to the adaptable resources
in accordance with adaptable time, which involves finding
out a proper sequence in which jobs can be executed
under transaction logic constraints.
Background
Distributed computing is a field of computer science that
studies distributed systems. A distributed system consists
of multiple autonomous computers that work together and
communicate through a computer network.
Types of distributed computing systems:
1. Cluster computing systems: It is not a new area of
computing. There is an increase usage of it in all areas,
where application is traditionally used in parallel or
distributed computing platforms.
2. Grid computing systems: Computing becomes pervasive
and individual users have gain access to computing
resource as needed with little knowledge of where those
resources are located or stored, and what the underlying
technologies, hardware, operating system and so on are.
3. Peer to peer computing: A class of systems and
applications that offers distributed resources to platform a
function in a decentralized manner. The resources are
encompasses by computing power data, network
bandwidth, and presence of human, computers or other
resources.
4. Cloud computing system: With cloud computing, users
use a variety of devices, including PC’s, laptops, and smart
phones to access program storage and application-
development platforms over the internet, via services
offered by cloud computing providers.
Cloud computing possess the following key
characteristics:-
1.On-demand self-service: A user having provision
computing capabilities, such as server time and network
storage, works automatically without having human
interaction with each service provider.
2. Broad network access: Cloud computing provide
2. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT -2015 148
resources to the users with various capabilities over the
network which is accessed through standard mechanisms
that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms such as mobile phones, laptops etc.)
3.Resource pooling: It provider’s computing resources which
are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant
model, having different physical and virtual resources
which are dynamically assigned and reassigned according
to consumer demand. Examples of resources include
storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual
machines.
4. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities of such kind of systems can
be rapidly and elastically provisioned, but in some cases
automatically, to quickly scale out, and rapidly released to
quickly scale in to the consumer, the capabilities available
for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be
purchased in any quantity at any time for the use.
5. Measured Service: Cloud systems are built in a way that
they automatically control and optimize the resource use by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction
appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing,
bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can
be monitored, controlled, and reported, for providing
transparency for both the provider and consumer of the
utilized service.
Types of Cloud Models:
1. Public Cloud: It is developed where several
organizations have similar needs and they need to seek to
share infrastructure. It helps in allowing freeing use from
performing important task like installation of resource,
their configuration and storage.
2. Private Cloud: It enables the remote access of
applications by smart phones. The cloud-based resources
are delivering to one platform and can be access from local
PC.
3. Community Cloud: It is developed to share
infrastructure between several organizations from a
specific community with common concerns, and can be
managed internally or by a third party hosted internally or
externally.
4. Hybrid Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a
composition of two or more clouds(private, community
or public) that remain unique entities but are bound
together by standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application portability.
Issues in Cloud
One of the major issues in implementing cloud computing
is taking virtual machines in use, which contain critical
applications and sensitive data to public and shared through
cloud environment. The following are certain issues in cloud
computing.
1.Performance: The major problem arises in the
performance can be for some intensive transaction-oriented
and other data-intensive applications, in which cloud
computing may lack adequate performance. Also, the users
who are using the cloud network from a long distance may
experience high latency and delays.
2.Security and Privacy: Customers are worried about their
data and the vulnerability of attacks, when information and
critical IT resources are outside the range of firewall.
3.Control: Some IT departments are concerned because the
cloud computing providers have the full control over the
platforms. Cloud computing providers typically do not design
platforms for specific companies and their business practices.
4.Bandwidth Costs: With cloud computing, companies can
save money on hardware and software; however they could
have to pay higher network bandwidth charges. Bandwidth
cost may be low for smaller Internet-based applications,
which are not data intensive, but could significantly grow for
data intensive applications.
5. Reliability: Cloud computing still does not always offer
round-the-clock reliability. There were cases where cloud
computing services suffered few-hours outages.
6.Security Policy: It is very difficult to choose whether the
user would have same security policy control over their
applications and services or the cloud provider will provide
its own policies. If so, then the issue of trusting third party
vendor arises.
7.Scheduling: Scheduling is the method of time division by
which threads, processes or data flows are given access to
system resources (e.g. processor time, communications
bandwidth). This is usually done to balance the load on a
system effectively or achieve a target quality of service. The
need for such kind of scheduling algorithm arises because
from the requirement for most modern systems to perform
multitasking (execute more than one process at a time) and
multiplexing (transmit multiple flows simultaneously).The
scheduler is concerned mainly with the following:
Throughput : The total number of processes that complete
their execution per time unit.
Latency, specifically, Turnaround time - total time taken
between submission of a process and its completion.
Response time–total duration of time it takes from when a
request was submitted until the first response is produced.
Scheduling for Cloud Computing
Mainly there are several type of scheduling techniques are
use by the cloud network. Most of them can be applied in
the cloud environment with suitable verifications. The
main advantage of job scheduling algorithm is to
achieve a high performance computing and the best
system throughput. Traditional job scheduling algorithms
are not able to provide scheduling in the cloud
environments.
According to a simple classification, job scheduling
algorithms in cloud computing can be categorized into
two main groups; Batch mode heuristic scheduling
algorithms(BMHA) and online mode heuristic algorithms.
In BMHA, Jobs are queued and collected into a set when
they arrive in the system. The scheduling algorithm will
start after a fixed period of time. The main examples of
BMHA based algorithms are; First Come First Served
scheduling algorithm (FCFS), Round Robin scheduling
algorithm (RR), Min-Min algorithm and Max-Min
algorithm.
By On-line mode heuristic scheduling algorithm, Jobs are
scheduled when they arrive in the system. Since the
cloud environment is a heterogeneous system and the speed
of each processor varies quickly, the on-line mode
heuristic scheduling algorithms are more appropriate for a
cloud environment. Most fit task scheduling algorithm
(MFTF) is suitable example of On-line mode heuristic
scheduling algorithm.
3. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
149 NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT-2015
A. First Come First Serve Algorithm: The jobs in a queue
which arrive first get processed first.
B. Round Robin algorithm: In the round robin scheduling,
processes are dispatched in a FIFO manner but are given a
limited amount of CPU time called a time-slice or a
quantum. If a process does not complete before its CPU-
time expires, the CPU is pre-emptedand given to the next
process waiting in a queue. The pre-empted process is
then placed at the back of the ready list.
C. Min-Min algorithm: This algorithm searches for the
small task among the group of task for processing, which in
turn large task delays for long time.
D. Max-Min algorithm: This algorithm chooses large tasks
to be executed firstly, which in turn small task delays for
long time.
E. Most fit task scheduling algorithm: In this algorithm
task which fit best in queue are executed first. This
algorithm has high failure ratio.
F. Priority scheduling algorithm: The basic idea is
straightforward: each process is assigned a
priority, and priority is allowed to run. Equal-Priority
processes are scheduled in FCFS order.
G. Shortest-Job-First (SJF) algorithm: This is a special
case of general priority scheduling algorithm. An SJF
algorithm is simply a priority algorithm where the
priority is the inverse of the (predicted) next CPUburst.
That is, the longer the CPU burst, the lower the priority
and vice versa. Priority can be defined either internally or
externally. Internally defined priorities use some
measurable quantities or qualities to compute priority of a
process.
EXISTING SCHEDULINGALGORITHMS
The following scheduling algorithms are presently
established in the cloud computing environment.
1.Fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm based Task scheduling
Optimizations
An optimized algorithm is proposed based on the Fuzzy-
Genetic Algorithm optimization which makes a
scheduling policy by evaluating the entire group of task in
the job queues. Fuzzy sets were used to represent
imprecisescheduling parameters and also to represent
satisfaction grades of each objective. Genetic algorithms
with different components were developed on the based
technique for task level scheduling in HardtopMap Reduce.
To gain a better balanced load across all the nodes in the
cloud environment, the scheduler is revised by predicting
the execution time of tasks assigned to certain processors
and making an optimal decision over the entire group of
tasks. Although this method meets user’s requirement and
gets good resource utilization, the predicted execution time
is a disadvantage of this scheduling method since it is not
possible topredict the execution time of tasks effectively
before executing the tasks.
2. The Analytic Hierarchy Process for Task scheduling and
resource allocation
Daji Ergu et al. presented a model for task-oriented
resource allocation in a cloud computing environment .In
this model computing tasks is collected in the Task Pool.
These tasks are
ranked using the pair wise comparison matrix technique and
the Analytic Hierarchy Process giving the available
resources and user preferences and are submitted to
computing resources
distributed in Cloud Computing Nodes. The
computing resources can be allocated in terms of the rank
of tasks. When all tasks are ranked according to available
resources this model improves the resource utilization and
also meets user requirements. But here it is not possible to
allocate resources dynamically.
3. A Priority based Job Scheduling Algorithm
A new priority based job scheduling algorithm (PJSC) is
proposed in cloud computing environment based on multiple
criteria decision making model, using analytical hierarchy
process. Provided a discussion about some issues related to
the proposed algorithm such as complexity, consistency and
finish time. The proposed algorithm has reasonable
complexity. But the main disadvantage is that the finish time
cannot be calculated and response time is more .Also for
more number of jobs allocations it is not suitable since
finding priority of each job is tedious one.
4. Market Oriented Scheduling Policies
By considering the time and cost of resource provisioning,
two Market oriented scheduling policies (MOSP) were
proposedthat aim at satisfying the application deadline by
extending the
computational capacity of local resources via hiring
resource from Cloud providers. The policies are not
having any earlier knowledge about the application
execution time. The proposed the Cost Optimization and
the Time Optimization scheduling policies increase the
computational capacity of the local resources by
hiring
resources from IAAS providers.
5. Online Optimization for Scheduling
Preemptable TasksJiayinLi et al. proposed a resource
optimization mechanism in federated IaaS cloud system
which enables preemptable task scheduling. In this model,
every data centre has a manager server that knows the
current statuses of VMs in its own cloud. And manager
servers communicate with each other. When a cloud
receives requests from users, its manager server
communicate with manager servers of other clouds
and distribute its tasks across thewhole cloud system by
assigning them to other clouds or executing them by itself.
The proposed algorithms, dynamic cloud list scheduling
(DCLS) and dynamic cloud min-min scheduling
(DCMMS) adjust the resourceallocation dynamically
according to the updated information of actual task
execution. Also they have proposed energy aware local
mapping mechanism which can reducethe
energyconsumption in federated cloud system.
6. Resource Scheduling Strategy based on Genetic
Algorithm
Jianhua Gu et al. presented a scheduling strategy on load
balancing of virtual machine resources using
Genetic Algorithm (RSGA). It uses historical data and
current states of VMs. In the proposed method starting
from the initialization incloud itself they look for the best
scheduling solution by genetic algorithm in every
4. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT -2015 150
scheduling and when there are no VM resources in the
whole system use the algorithm to choose scheduling
solution according to the computed probability. Even though
this method can better realize load balancing and proper
resource utilization, it does not deals with the dynamic
behaviour of resource allocation.
7. Job scheduling algorithm based on Berger model
Berger model theory on distributive justice in the field of
social distribution is introduced into the job scheduling
algorithm in cloud computing.Job scheduling algorithm
based on Berger model(JSBM) concentrates on the fairness
of theresource allocation.The proposed model agrees with
the Quos parameters like completion time and bandwidth.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SCHEDULING POLICIES
Table 1: list out the environment, algorithmand schedulingparameters used in different scheduling policies. Also compares
various scheduling policies in terms of their advantages anddisadvantages.
Sl no Paper title/
Author
Algorithm/techniq
ue used
Scheduling
parameters
considered
Advantage Disadvantage
1 Task scheduling
optimizations for
the cloud
computing system,
Sandeep Tayal
Genetic algorithm
based scheduling
Execution time of
tasks
Meet user
requirements and
improved resource
utilization
Execution time is
more
2 The analytic
hierarchy process:
Task scheduling
and resource
allocation in cloud
computing
environment,
DajiErgu, Gang
Kou, YiPeng,
YongShi,YuShi
Ranking of tasks is
done by using
reciprocal pair wise
comparison matrix
and analytical
hierarchy process
Response time,
task expense
Improves resource
utilization
Cannot allocate
tasks dynamically
3 A Priority based
job scheduling
algorithm in cloud
computing,
shamsollah
Ghanbari,Mohame
d Othman
Based on the
theory of
Analytical
hierarchy process
Make span Since priority is
considered
important task will
not be lagged
Increased make
span
4 Adapting market
oriented scheduling
policies for cloud
computing,
Mohsen Amini
Salehi,Rajkumar
Buyya
Deadline budget
constraint based
Time and cost
optimization
scheduling policy
Response time,
execution time,
cost
Increase the
computational
capacity of the
local resources by
hiring resources
from IaaS
providers
Increased
completion time
5 Online
optimization for
scheduling
preemptable tasks
on IaaS cloud
systems, JiayinLi,
MeikangQiu,
ZhongMing,
GangQuan,
XiaoQin, Zonghua
Gu
Based on cloud list
scheduling and
cloud min-min
greedy algorithm
for scheduling
Arrival time and
execution time
The
dynamic procedure
provides
significant
improvement in the
fierce resource
contention
situation.
Preemption leads
to increased
response time and
overhead to the
cloud providers
6 Evaluation of gang
scheduling
performance and
cost in cloud
computing system,
Ioannis A,
Moschakis,
Helen.D, Karatza
Gang scheduling
approach based
shortest queue first,
adaptive first come
first served and
largest job first
algorithm
Waiting time,
response time, cost
Improved resource
utilization
Not considered the
priority among the
tasks
7 Anew resource
scheduling strategy
based on genetic
algorithm in cloud
computing
Based on genetic
algorithm and
spanning tree
principle
Number of virtual
machines,
execution time
This method can
better realize load
balancing and
proper resource
utilization
It does not deal
with the dynamic
behaviour of
resource allocation.
5. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
151 NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT-2015
environment,
Jianhua Gu, Jinhua
Hu, Tianhai Zhao,
Guofei Sun
REVIEW OF RELATED WORK
In this decade we refer many approaches viz. algorithm,
methods, paradigms, techniques how to schedule
virtual machines running on physical machines and also
concentrate on energy consumption less, optimization ,
fully workload distribution , exploitation with physical
machine rateability.
M. Devare et al,proposed a scheduling policy
toimplement Scheduler which assign number of virtual
machine requests coming from consumer to virtual
machines on the base of ‘bully’ and “non-bully” approach.
The solutions in the context of Haizea are shown, through
experiments. The big improvement in utilization and energy
consumption is found as workloads are running with lower
frequencies. The coincidence of energy consumption and
utilization is improved.
Jiandun Li et al introduce a hybrid energy-
efficientscheduling algorithm for private clouds,
concentrated on load balancing, Load migration on the
base of state of virtual machines, count response time. If
response time increases then energy also increases. So
they minimised response time in their algorithm.
Gregor Von Laszewski et al proposed scheduling virtual
machine in a compute cluster to reduce power
consumption through Dynamic Voltage Frequency
Scaling (DVFS),implementation of energy efficient
algorithm to allocate virtual machine.
Bo Li, Jianxin Li et al states Energy aware heuristic
algorithm on base of distributes workload in virtual
machine with minimum number of virtual machines or
nodes required
that workload. So that workload migration, workload
resizes virtual machine migration these approaches are
used in algorithm.
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
This paper is based on cloud computing technology which
has a very vast potential and is still unexplored. The
capabilities of cloud computing are endless. Cloud
computing provides everything to the user as a service
which includes platform as a service, application as a
service, infrastructure as a service.One of the major issues
of cloud computing is scheduling mechanism because
overloading of a system may lead to poor performance
which can make the technology unsuccessful. So there is
always a requirement of efficient scheduling algorithm for
efficient utilization of resources. Our paper focuses on the
various scheduling algorithms and their applicability in
cloud computing environment.
We first categorized the algorithms asBatch mode heuristic
scheduling algorithms(BMHA) and online mode heuristic
algorithms. Then we analyzed the various algorithms
which can be applied in BMHA environments. After that
we described the various dynamic scheduling mechanism
algorithms. For solving any particular problem some
special conditions need to be applied. So we have
discussed some additional algorithms which can help in
solving some sub-problems in scheduling mechanism
which are applicable to cloud computing. In our future
work we will analyze the algorithms with numerical
analysis and simulation, which are energy efficient, have
less power consumption.
REFERENCES
[1] Shailesh S. Deore, Ashok Narayan Patil (2012), “Systematic
Review of Energy-Efficient Scheduling Techniques in Cloud Computing,
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887)”
[2] Pinal Salot, “A Survey of Various Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud
Computing Environment,ISSN: 2319-1163”
[3]M.S.Saleem Basha,Silpa.C.S (2013), “A Comparative Analysis of
Scheduling Policies in Cloud Computing Environment, International Journal
of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887)”
[4] Dzmitry Kliazovich, Sisay T. Arzo, Fabrizio Granelli, Pascal
Bouvryand Samee Ullah Khan(2013), “e-STAB: Energy-Efficient
Scheduling for Cloud Computing Applications with Traffic Load
Balancing,IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and
Communications and IEEE Internet ofThings and IEEE Cyber, Physical
and Social Computing”
[5]Yogita Chawla1 and Mansi Bhonsle,(2012) “A Study on Scheduling
Methods in Cloud Computing, International Journal of Emerging Trends
& Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)”
[6]Shaminder Kaur Amandeep Verma(2012), “An Efficient Approach to
Genetic Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing
Environment”, I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science
[7]A Study of Mobile Cloud Computing And Challenges Pragaladan. R1 ,
Leelavathi .M
[8] International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science (IJ-
CLOSER) Vol.2, No.2, April 2013, pp. Cloud Computing : Research
Issues and Implications M.Rajendra Prasad, R. Lakshman Naik, V.Bapuji
[9]Journal of Information Engineering and Applications ISSN 2224-5782
(print) ISSN 2225-0506 Vol 2, No.7, 2012Mobile Cloud Computing:
Implications and Challenges by M.Rajendra Prasad, Jayadev Gyani,
P.R.K.Murti