Class Lecture Slide - ICAB, CA Professional Level, IT Knowledge

1. IT KNOWLEDGE
CA Professional Stage - Knowledge Level, ICAB
Tutor: Mohammad Abdul Matin
Chapter 2
Information Technology Architecture

2. Chapter Outline
 Information System
 Computer System
 Data Structure
 Database Management System
 Processing Technique
 Security Control
 E-Commerce

3. Data Structure
What is Data Structure?
 The logical or mathematical model of a particular
organization of data is called a data structure.

4. Data Structures
What is an Array?
 An array is a sequential structure of a finite number of
homogeneous data elements typically arranged by
consecutive index numbers.
• Array of subjects in Knowledge Level : SUBJECT[1],
SUBJECT[2],…..SUBJECT[n].
– The elements of array are referenced by index numbers
– Elements are stored in successive memory locations
– All elements must be of same type
– Elements can be directly accessed by processor by their array name
location (e.g. SUBJECT[3] will allow direct reading of a particular
subject without going through the whole list).

5. Data Structures
What is a Record?
 Record is a collection of related data items comprising
different fields/attributes of data.
• A student record: Roll No, Name, DoB, Farm, Course(s), etc.
– Data items in a record may have different data types
– Records are indexed by one/many of its attributes. So, cannot
be naturally ordered.
• e.g. The student record can be ordered sorted by Name or by Roll No.

6. Data Structure
 Data Analysis: Ordering or arranging data elements for
better understanding or usage
 Data Validation: Process of checking and ensuring
correct data through use of logical validations and other
validation rules set for specific purposes.

7. Data Validation Checks
 Allowed Character Check
 Consistency Checks
 Control Totals
 Data Type Checks
 File Existence Check
 Format or Masking Check
 Limit Check
 Logic Check
 Missing Data Test
 Range Check
 Uniqueness Check

8. Database Management System
 Common Features Offered by DBMS
– Query Ability (i.e. finding particular records by custom search)
– Backup and Replication
– Rule Enforcement (e.g. uniqueness, validity, etc.)
– Security (i.e. access and privileges)
– Computation (basic calculations like summation, count, etc.)
– Change and Access Logging (audit trails, change logs, etc.)
– Automated Optimization (e.g. performance tuning)

9. Exam Questions
 What is Data Validation? Describe the methods of Data
Validations.
 What is DBMS? Write down common features of DBMS.

10. Thank You
Next Class
Topics: Continue on Chapter 2