Research Methodology-DBMS

1. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2. CONTENTS
1
2
3
4
Concept of Data, Record and File. Type of Data and Data Structure
Data File handling and operations – Data storage and retrieval
Data Operations – Algorithms: Sorting , Merging, Joining & Bifurcation
Data Base Concept and Operation on Data Base.

3. BASIC
DATABASE
CONCEPTS

4. A database is a base collection of data.
A database is a collection of related data that is stored in a system.
This data is stored in such a way that it can be updated, modified or
retrieved as and when required.
A file is a collection of related records.
DATABASE

5. BASICS OF DATABASE
FieldData Record
A bit is a binary digit. It
is either 0 or 1.
One byte is equal to 8
bits
Raw facts that form a
logical meaning are
called Data.
Data can be numeric
(1, 2, 3…). Alpha (a, b,
c…) or Alphanumeric
such as a combination
of both numbers and
alphabets(31st March)
Field is a data item that
contains characters which
have specific meaning such
as Name of student, Address,
Specialization etc.
A record is a collection of one
or more fields that represents
the information about a person,
place or thing.
For example, a record of a
student will contain his name,
age, gender, class section,
course, etc.
Bit & Byte

6. Characteristics of a Database
Data independence and
Data abstraction
Self describing nature
of a database system
Support of
multiple views
of data
Data sharing
The database system
contains not only the
database itself but also
information about the
database such as type
of file, storage format,
etc. Such information
about data is called
metadata
This refers to the ability
of the database system
to add, delete, update
or modify any record in
the database without
affecting the already
stored program
Since a database system
supports multiple users to
access the data, update
or modify it at the same
time, it has to follow certain
redundancy control
measures to avoid
concurrency or duplicity of
information
A database might have
multiple users accessing
the same data at the same
time. Thus it supports
multiple views and various
facilities giving different
perspective to the users.

7. DATABASE TYPE
A database data type refers to the format of
data storage that can hold a distinct type or
range of values. When computer programs
store data in variables, each variable must
be designated a distinct data type.
Some common data types are as follows:
integers, characters, strings, floating point
numbers and arrays.
More specific data types are as follows:
varchar (variable character) formats,
Boolean values, dates and timestamps.

8. Data Base Management (DBM)
is defined as a software or
hardware system that
interfaces between the data
bases on a system and users
and programs to
provide for addition,
deletion, modification or
retrieval of data elements,
records and files by logical
reference to them.
Functions of DBMS:
1. It Organizes Data
2. It integrates Data
3. It Separates Data
4. It Controls Data
5. It Retrieves Data
6. It Protects Data.

9. DBMS FUNCTIONS
Data Dictionary
Management
Data Storage
Management
Data
Transportation &
Presentation
Security
Management
Multiuser
access
control
Backup &
Recovery
Management
Data Integrity
Management
Data Access
Languages
Database
Communication

10. DATA STRUCTURE
• A data structure is a collection
of different forms and different
types of data that has a set of
specific operations that can be
performed.
• It is a collection of data types.
• It is a way of organizing
the items in terms of
memory, and also the way
of accessing each item
through some defined
logic.
• Some examples of data
structures are stacks,
queues, linked lists,
binary tree and many
more

11. Differences between
data type and
data structure
 Data Type is the kind or form of a variable
which is being used throughout the program.
It defines that the particular variable will a
ssign the values of the given data type only.
 Implementation through Data Types is a f
orm of abstract implementation.
 Can hold values and not data, so it is data
less.
 Values can directly be assigned to the data
type variables.
 No problem of time complexity.
 Examples: int, float, double
Data Type
 Data Structure is the collection of d
ifferent kinds of data. That entire data c
an be represented using an object and c
an be used throughout the entire pr
ogram.
 Implementation through Data Structures i
s called concrete implementation.
 Can hold different kind and types of data
within one single object.
 The data is assigned to the data structure
object using some set of algorithms and
operations like push, pop and so on.
 Time complexity comes into play when
working with data structures.
 Examples: stacks, queues, tree
Data Structure

12. Thank You
Dr.Saradha A
Assistant Professor
Department of Economics
Ethiraj College for Women
Chennai