This document provides an overview of indoor radio planning procedures for mobile network operators. It discusses:
1. The importance of indoor coverage for operators from both technical and commercial perspectives such as improving service quality and maximizing revenue.
2. The key steps in indoor radio planning including site surveys, coverage planning, capacity planning, antenna placement, link budget calculations, and traffic dimensioning using Erlang calculations.
3. Special considerations for indoor radio planning such as preparing for future capacity needs, ensuring elevator coverage, and designing handover zones to avoid call drops.
In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Small Cell Coverage within building premises
Signal is restricted inside the building
Antenna installed inside the building
Low Transmit Power of Antenna
Smaller Antenna size
In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Small Cell Coverage within building premises
Signal is restricted inside the building
Antenna installed inside the building
Low Transmit Power of Antenna
Smaller Antenna size
This record gives full information of different communication technologies those are being used in BSNL Telephone Exchange Kodad, Nalgonda SSA and also gives a lot of practical oriented knowledge in Communication Industry.
“Hybrid communication systems, FSO/RF and RoF: reliable and scaled communicat...Joaquin Perez
Title:
“Hybrid communication systems, FSO/RF and RoF: reliable and scaled communications anywhere”
Abstract:
Current network and telecommunication systems are required to provide higher data rates in access
networks to an increasing number of users. This fact is mainly due to the increase in the Internet
traffic data, which is related with the higher demand of online added-value online content, as a result
of a society increasingly more interconnected. New emergent radio technologies play a key role to
supply these high-demand services to customer, e.g., UWB, WIMAX and LTE-advanced. [1-3]
How to carry them to final customer? How to backup these services?
Free-space optics (FSO), Radio-over-fibre (RoF) and RF/FSO Hybrid communication systems
become a solution to deploy these services on indoor/outdoor scenarios avoiding architecture
problems on WAN environments, e.g., university campus, companies’ parks [4]. Moreover, these
systems will fit emergency scenarios, e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, where the classical
communications infrastructure cost and time replacement is very high [5]. On the other hand, the
implementation of RF/FSO or RoF systems are enclosed in the new green communications issues,
because they share the common goal to implement energy efficiency communications at anywhere
scenario [6, 7]. Therefore, emergent radio technologies and their application on FSO and RoF
systems are a challenging research issue nowadays.
(abstract = 190 words)
References:
[1] J. Perez, M. Morant, M. Beltran, and R. Llorente, "Performance of MB-OFDM UWB and
WiMAX IEEE 802.16e Converged Radio-over-Fiber in PON," Mwp: 2009 International Topical
Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp. 235-238, 2009.
[2] J. Perez, M. Morant, R. Llorente, and J. Marti, "Joint Distribution of Polarization-Multiplexed
UWB and WiMAX Radio in PON," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, pp. 1912-1919,
Jun 15 2009.
[3] R. Llorente, T. Alves, M. Morant, M. Beltran, J. Perez, A. Cartaxo, and J. Marti, "Ultrawideband
radio signals distribution in FTTH networks," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
vol. 20, pp. 945-947, May-Jun 2008.
[4] E. Leitgeb, M. S. Awan, P. Brandl, T. Plank, C. Capsoni, R. Nebuloni, T. Javornik, G. Kandus,
S. S. Muhammad, F. Ghassemlooy, M. Loschnigg, and F. Nadeem, "Current Optical
Technologies for Wireless Access," Contel 2009: Proceedings of the 10th International
Conference on Telecommunications, pp. 7-17, 2009.
[5] S. Bloom, E. Korevaar, J. Schuster, and H. Willebrand, "Understanding the performance of
free-space optics [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw., vol. 2, pp. 178-200, 2003.
[6] Z. Yi, P. Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, and B. Mukherjee, "Energy Efficiency in Telecom Optical
Networks," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 12, pp. 441-458.
[7] R. S. Tucker, "Green Optical Communications---Part II: Energy Limitations in Networks,"
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of, vol. PP, pp. 1-14.
This record gives full information of different communication technologies those are being used in BSNL Telephone Exchange Kodad, Nalgonda SSA and also gives a lot of practical oriented knowledge in Communication Industry.
“Hybrid communication systems, FSO/RF and RoF: reliable and scaled communicat...Joaquin Perez
Title:
“Hybrid communication systems, FSO/RF and RoF: reliable and scaled communications anywhere”
Abstract:
Current network and telecommunication systems are required to provide higher data rates in access
networks to an increasing number of users. This fact is mainly due to the increase in the Internet
traffic data, which is related with the higher demand of online added-value online content, as a result
of a society increasingly more interconnected. New emergent radio technologies play a key role to
supply these high-demand services to customer, e.g., UWB, WIMAX and LTE-advanced. [1-3]
How to carry them to final customer? How to backup these services?
Free-space optics (FSO), Radio-over-fibre (RoF) and RF/FSO Hybrid communication systems
become a solution to deploy these services on indoor/outdoor scenarios avoiding architecture
problems on WAN environments, e.g., university campus, companies’ parks [4]. Moreover, these
systems will fit emergency scenarios, e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, where the classical
communications infrastructure cost and time replacement is very high [5]. On the other hand, the
implementation of RF/FSO or RoF systems are enclosed in the new green communications issues,
because they share the common goal to implement energy efficiency communications at anywhere
scenario [6, 7]. Therefore, emergent radio technologies and their application on FSO and RoF
systems are a challenging research issue nowadays.
(abstract = 190 words)
References:
[1] J. Perez, M. Morant, M. Beltran, and R. Llorente, "Performance of MB-OFDM UWB and
WiMAX IEEE 802.16e Converged Radio-over-Fiber in PON," Mwp: 2009 International Topical
Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp. 235-238, 2009.
[2] J. Perez, M. Morant, R. Llorente, and J. Marti, "Joint Distribution of Polarization-Multiplexed
UWB and WiMAX Radio in PON," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, pp. 1912-1919,
Jun 15 2009.
[3] R. Llorente, T. Alves, M. Morant, M. Beltran, J. Perez, A. Cartaxo, and J. Marti, "Ultrawideband
radio signals distribution in FTTH networks," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
vol. 20, pp. 945-947, May-Jun 2008.
[4] E. Leitgeb, M. S. Awan, P. Brandl, T. Plank, C. Capsoni, R. Nebuloni, T. Javornik, G. Kandus,
S. S. Muhammad, F. Ghassemlooy, M. Loschnigg, and F. Nadeem, "Current Optical
Technologies for Wireless Access," Contel 2009: Proceedings of the 10th International
Conference on Telecommunications, pp. 7-17, 2009.
[5] S. Bloom, E. Korevaar, J. Schuster, and H. Willebrand, "Understanding the performance of
free-space optics [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw., vol. 2, pp. 178-200, 2003.
[6] Z. Yi, P. Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, and B. Mukherjee, "Energy Efficiency in Telecom Optical
Networks," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 12, pp. 441-458.
[7] R. S. Tucker, "Green Optical Communications---Part II: Energy Limitations in Networks,"
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of, vol. PP, pp. 1-14.
CONNECTING THE CORPORATE HQ.
How to overcome interference, signal overlap & containment and architectural challenges
---
A business campus is the home away from home to millions of busy professionals around the world who increasingly demand constant and seamless connectivity.
Emails, video conference calls, and heavy downloads are just some of the actions that business people do on their mobile phones daily. Strong, reliable and fast wireless connectivity is no longer a nice to have at the workplace – it is a MUST.
But designing the wireless network for business campuses presents unique challenges, including:
- High residual macro interference at higher floors from macro signal;
- Containment of the indoor signal;
- Overlapping in-building coverage for buildings in close proximity;
- Multi-level 3D building modeling;
- Quality coverage and seamless handoff for stairwells and elevator shafts.
These and other specific design needs and best practices are covered in this presentation.
View the video recording of the webinar: ibwave.com/Resources/PastWebinars/WebinarApril152015.aspx
Read the original case study: ibwave.com/blog/connecting-the-corporate-hq-case-study
With many qualified and capable system integrators already installing Enterprise Wi-Fi, we ask if this could be extended to self-installed Enterprise Small Cells to enable rapid take-up of Small Cells while solving the issue of poor indoor coverage? We look at the business case, the technology options and the tools and capabilities required to make this happen.
Presented by David Chambers/ThinkSmallCell, Alan McNab/Cisco and Benoit Fleury/iBwave, this webinar examines these issues and discusses practical experience from the field.
After short presentations from each presenter, we answer a varied range of questions from the audience which can be listened to on the video recording linked to this slide deck.
http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/telecom-operators/3xmulti
Ericsson's 3xMulti approach to radio network evolution to help operators understand how best to manage the complex mix of multiple standards, bands, and layers as efficiently as possible, both individually and as a whole ecosystem.
Improving Indoor Coverage How Wi Max Modems Can Play A Major Role In The Subs...Green Packet
With WiMAX indoor traffic taking up more than 80% of total WiMAX traffic, WiMAX Operators are faced with the pressing need to improve indoor coverage. Contrary to common belief that WiMAX Modems are merely variables in the WiMAX subsystem, this whitepaper discusses how WiMAX
Modems can play a major role in the subsystem, particularly in improving indoor coverage.
How to Improve Profit and Minimise Risks. Presentation by Raf Meersman, CEO, FiberPlanIT by Comsof at the Broadband World Forum conference 2015 in London
Project ManagementOf Telecom Project A Case StudyDjadja Sardjana
For ease of comprehension, study on the development of passive infrastructure has been designed to first present the theoretical concepts and then correlating them to actual applications in the field by applying them into examples. Topics include scope of work, project planning, contractual terms of conditions, monitoring and controlling of project quality control, risk management, warehouse management, operation and maintenance.
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is an advanced level of Cisco’s networking certification. It requires an in-depth knowledge to acquire CCNA certification.
The current technology advancements have enabled Telephony system manufactures to Integrate IP with existing telephony networks and offer converged solution for more optimum utilization of organization's IT infrastructure as well as internet bandwidth. The paper proposes an analytical method for determining basic traffic characteristics of systems servicing multi-rate overflow traffic streams generated by a finite number of sources. In particular, we describe an optimum solution for the implementation of telephony system. Analytical results of blocking probability calculated using the presented methodology has been compared with the data obtained from the system simulation process.
ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR MODELING PBX SYSTEMS FOR SMALL ENTERPRISEijcsit
ABSTRACT
The current technology advancements have enabled Telephony system manufactures to Integrate IP with existing telephony networks and offer converged solution for more optimum utilization of organization's IT infrastructure as well as internet bandwidth. The paper proposes an analytical method for determining basic traffic characteristics of systems servicing multi-rate overflow traffic streams generated by a finite number of sources. In particular, we describe an optimum solution for the implementation of telephony system. Analytical results of blocking probability calculated using the presented methodology has been compared with the data obtained from the system simulation process.
Worldwide, a large number of people interact with each other by means of online chatting. There has been a significant rise in the number of platforms, both social and professional, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter, which allow people to share their experiences, views and knowledge with others. Sadly enough, with online communication getting embedded into our daily communication, incivility and misbehaviour has taken on many nuances from professional misbehaviour to professional decay. Generally flaming starts with the exchange of rude messages and comments, which in turn triggers to higher scale of flaming. To prevent online communication from getting downgraded, it is essential to keep away the hostile users from communication platforms. This paper presents a Security Detection Model and a tool which checks and prevents online flaming. It detects the presence of flaming while chatting or posting blogs, and censors swear words as well as blocks the users from flaming.
Oil Sites Visit and Survey Training ReportAssim Mubder
Site survey is the first step towards any upgrade or plan for any project in sites bases or any institute.
. Our target is to make full audit on all the telecom technologies used in the sites such as internet, PBX, PSTN, VOIP…….etc.
. Each site has different design, requirements, location, technologies and population.
. Below report shows the main tools and procedure used in the site audit process and related reporting.
. Report template available to be fully filled out by survey engineers and to be send after double checking the data to our team.
iNeOM is a unique system for telecom operators. iNeOM is a centralised database equipped with many feature to make job easier, especially for the engineers that maintaining the equipments in the field. iNeOM equipped with mobile application, build specifically for mobile operating system (Android, iOS, dan Windows Phone), so that everyone from management level to field engineers can easily access for needed information, everywhere and every time. iNeOM designed with strong philosophy in the usability, all the feature derived from real field experiences that related to network maintenance activity.
5. Why In-building Coverage is Important?
There are many reasons for the mobile operator for providing a dedicated IB
coverage
But mainly these are two
Technical Commercial
•lack of coverage
•Improvement of service quality
•Need for more capacity
•Need for higher _ speed data rate
•Some countries more than 50% traffic
from in building
•Indoor Solutions Can Make a Great
Business Case
•Maximize the revenue of the operator
6. IBS Survey
IBS Planning & designing
IBS Implementation
IBS Quality Test
IBS O & M
The Indoor Planning Procedure
7. •Walk test tool(Auto Mobile,Net monitor, Nemo ,TEMS etc.)
•Measurement tape
•Still Camera
•G.P.S
8. Walk test
Check the BCCH ,RXL,RXQ,CID of the all cells which are present in the building
Collect the Auto card design of the Building
Check the BTS& Microwave pole location
Check the cable shaft for running the Back bone cable
Take the Photographs of Building
Take the Photographs of BTS ,cable shaft and microwave pole location
Check the Electrical supply /Point
Check the Earth point
Measure the Earth cable length
Measure the power cable length
Measure the IF cable length
Take the contact details of the building contact person
Survey Procedure
9.
10. •Coverage planning
• Antenna marking on floor plan
•Make trunking Diagram
•Calculate The EIRP of each
antenna
•Calculate the BOM
•The ideal distance between two
antenna is 20m
•All passive materials like
spliter,coupler,cable antenna are
should be support from 850 MHz
to 2500 MHz band
•Tool used for IBS Design - IB
Wave
•Capacity planning
•Calculate the expected foot fall in
side building
•Calculate the total erlang
required
•As per erlang calculation
calculate the number of TRX
•Then plan the number of sector
•Normal commercial building per
subscriber erlang is 20ME
•High capacity site like Airport per
subscriber erlang is 33ME
•In Sector planning try to avoid
multi sectors in single floor
11. Antenna marking on floor plan
To provide ‘full coverage’, antennas need to be placed with a certain coverage over lap
20m
Indoor coverage radius and area vs.
design level from Omni antenna
12. Placing the Indoor Antennas
•Place the hot-spot antennas and maximize data performance.
In this case of a shopping mall, the hot-spots for data and voice are typically the
food court, internet cafes and sitting areas
•Place the ‘cost-cutting’ antennas.
After the hot-spot antennas are placed you must place
all the antennas that will maximize the coverage per antenna
•Isolate the building.
Proper planning of an antenna at the entrance area and hand over zones
will isolate the building from even very close out door sites.
•Fill in the gaps.
The last placement of antennas will be ‘filling the gaps’ between the
antennas just placed This will help to provide maximum coverage
17. Indoor Radio planning tool
IB Wave _ The most popular in door RF planning tool
iBwave Solutions is a telecom radio planning software provider that develops
solutions for the in-building wireless industry. iBwave is best known for its
software iBwave Design, mostly used by telecom operators, system integrators
and equipment vendors. iBwave is a Canadian-based company that was
founded in 2003 and is headquartered in Montreal.
A privately-held company, iBwave focuses on integrated solutions to automate
and standardize the design of wireless communications inside buildings and
infrastructures.
In 2010,
18. Traffic dimensioning
Erlang _The Traffic Measurement
An Erlang is a unit of telecommunications traffic measurement.
One Erlang is the continuous use of one voice channel. In call minutes, one Erlang is 60 min/h,
1440 call min/24 h. In practice, when doing mobile capacity calculations, an Erlang is used to
describe the total traffic volume of 1 h, for a specific cell.
Call Blocking, Grade of Service
The blocking rate (grade of service or GOS) is defined as the percentage of calls that
are rejected due to lack of channels. If the users makes 100 calls, and one call is rejected
due to lack of channels (capacity) the blocking rate is 1 in 100, or 1%. This is referred to
as 1% GOS. Operators might differentiate the GOS target for different indoor solutions,
with a strict GOS of 0.5% in an office building but allowing a GOS of 2% in shopping
The Erlang B Table
Provided that the calls are Erlang-distributed, you can use the Erlang B formula to calculate
the required number of channels at a given load rate, and a given grade of service.
19. Erlang Example
If a group of 20 users makes 60 calls in 1 h, and each call had an average
duration of 3 min,
then we can calculate the traffic in Erlangs:
total minutes of traffic in 1 h = duration × number of calls
total minutes of traffic in 1 h = 3 × 60
total minutes of traffic in 1 h = 180 min
The Erlangs are defined as traffic (minutes) per hour:
Erlangs = 180/60 = 3E
Knowing the number of users (20), we can calculate the load per user:
user load = total load/number of users
user load = 3/20 = 0.150 E = 150mE per user
Then, if we have the same type of users inside a building with 350 mobile
users, we can calculate what capacity we need:
total load = number of users × load per user
total load = 350 × 150mE= 52.5E
20. Typical user load in Erlang
User type Traffic load per user
Extreme user : 200 mE
Heavy user :100 mE
Normal office user :50 mE
Private user :20 mE
21. Special design considerations
Most of the design methods and considerations are the same for all building. But the below mentioned
are some of the points we need to address, in addition to all the standard RF considerations.
• Make sure you prepare for more capacity or sectors for future upgrades.
• Make sure you cover the executive floor 100%.
• Is there a need for elevator coverage?
• Are there special installation challenges (e.g. fire proofing)?
• Pay attention to the service rooms or areas (e.g. IT server rooms).
• Are there special EMR concerns (like in a hospital)?
• What type of services might be needed in the future – 3G, 3,5G?
• Are there any hot-spots in the building that need special attention?
22. The indoor DAS system implemented in the building should be prepared
for future traffic growth.
The best way to prepare this is to have a sector plan for future
sectorization of the system.
Even if the system is implemented as one sector, you need to look ahead,
especially for UMTS, in order to prepare for more sectors.
Well-defined HO zones are important for GSM and UMTS/HSDPA to avoid
‘ping-pong’ HO on GSM, extensive soft HO zones on UMTS and degraded
HSPA performance.
As a general rule you must try to avoid having the handover zones in large
open areas inside the building. Here it can be difficult to design and
control the handover zone
Try to advantage of the natural isolation provided by the building to
separate the different sectors or cells.eg. Floor separation
Handover Considerations Inside Buildings
23. lift
HO
HOHOHO
HO
HO
HO
MACRO
Dominance
One way hand over to all IB cells
Two way hand over to all IB cells
MACRO
COVERAGE
HAND OVER
ZONE
The typical GSM handover scenario in a building
Sec 1
Sec 1
Sec 2
Sec 2
Sec 3
Sec 3
Sec 4
Sec 4
Sec5