Wireless Experts Guide to In-Building Wireless Systems
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Hutton Communications In-Building DAS Market overview by MIke Brownson
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Wireless Experts Guide to In-Building Wireless Systems
- 1. Hutton Communications Your Wireless Experts
- 2. Welcome to In-Building 101 Welcome to in-building 101 Presented by Professor Mike Brownson Today’s Topic – Distributed antenna systems for indoor cellular and public safety repeaters
- 3. Useful terminology Welcome to in-building 101 Useful Terminology • DAS = Distributed Antenna System, the network that distributes the RF signal • BDA = Bi-Directional Amplifier = Repeater • Donor Site = The signal that you are looking to redistribute inside the building (eg: the repeater site/tower) • Donor Antenna = outdoor directional antenna pointed toward the donor site • Server Antenna = indoor antennas • Downlink = the RF path from the tower/repeater DOWN to the users device, the repeater transmit frequency • Uplink = the RF path from the user device to the tower, portable device transmit frequency • Composite power = broadband power measurement, sum of all RF signals • RSSI = Received Signal Strength Indicator • EUD = End User Device, the device we’re trying to allow to talk to and from the tower • Link Budget = the sum of all gains and losses to derive a theoretical value of signal at the EUD or at the donor site (downlink and uplink, respectively)
- 4. Types of in-building systems Types of in-building systems Welcome to in-building 101 Useful Terminology • Passive system – BDA or transmitter connected to a passive network of coax and splitters • Active system – Usually a DAS that uses optical fiber to transfer signals between a head-end and remote heads located throughout a building or group of buildings. Also available is a system that uses Cat5/6 cable to do the same.
- 5. Components of a passive indoor system Components ofin-building systems Types of ato in-building 101 Welcome passive in-building system Useful Terminology • Donor antenna • Lightning protector • Coax from donor antenna to BDA • BDA/Repeater • More coax • Splitters, couplers, tappers • Indoor antennas
- 6. Components in-building systems Components of an inbuildingan in-building system ofpassive in-building system system Components of ato in-building 101 Types of Terminology WelcomeUseful
- 7. When should I use a fiber DAS? Components ofin-buildingfiber 101 WhenUsefulpassive in-building system Types of atoIin-building DAS? Welcome Terminology should use a systems • A fiber DAS allows for co-existence between 800Mhz cellular systems and 800Mhz SMR or Nextel systems. Not a good practice on a passive DAS • A fiber DAS is much more scalable to accommodate large facilities, even if the structure is millions of sq ft. In facilities like sports arenas, stadiums, office towers, museums, colleges and hospitals, this is the only practical solution. • A fiber DAS provides a future proof design. It allows for expansion and adding new frequency bands and carriers without having to add cable and antennas.
- 8. Industry drivers Components ofin-building systems Types Industry Drivers 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building of Terminology • For Public Safety – IFC2009, NFPA and other fire safety codes now specify minimum indoor signal quality for public safety radio signals • For Cell Phones – The proliferation of cellular phones, and especially smart phones, has caused a much greater need for cellular coverage and capacity indoors
- 9. Corning | MorningAccess: Wire-it-once infrastructure investment Supporting Carriers & Benefits of Corning Mobile Access DAS Solutions Public Safety On A DAS • Single/Multi Carrier Multi-Service & Public Safety Solution supporting key combinations of voice & data services such as Cellular, PCS, IDEN, Remote in Antenna AWS, LTE, WLAN and Public Safety (400 MHz – IDF Closet 6 GHz) • Future-Ready Scalable Platform with modular service additions to accommodate medium & large scale deployments and simple upgrade path for 3G & 4G support Head-End in MDF Closet RF Signal Sources from Multiple Carriers
- 10. Corning | MorningAccess: • The Most Effective Solutions in the Industry – Choose from a variety of LTE SISO and MIMO dedicated & partitioned solutions MobileAccessVE is the first and only “Cisco Compatible” • Modular Architecture – Invest only in the technology that you need. DAS that supports converged Easily to add other carrier modules when they join the system. mobility with 802.11n MIMO, • Avoid Lease Changing Events – MA modular, architecture means 2/3G Cellular, and 4G MIMO UMTS, LTE and other upgrades are completed with minimal disruption. Cellular solutions. Work is done in the Telecom closets not in the ceilings. • Dedicated Components - carriers are more likely to join a system Passed Cisco’s extensive where operators have their own modules and know that they cannot testing and certification impact each other requirements. • Industry Leading Healthcare Applications - MA Solutions include the ability to add applications to the DAS like Telemetry, Public Safety • Leverage WiFi Infrastructure – MA Solutions have100% transparent Wi-Fi support. Cut deployment costs by 50%+ Contact: Marty Mednansky – Director Channel Sales (253) 445-1509 mmednansky@mobileaccess.com
- 11. What do we need to know to get started? What do Usefulpassive in-building started Components ofin-building to get system Types Industry know systems Welcomeato to Drivers 101 we need in-building of Terminology • Frequency band(s) and number of channels • Donor signal strength • Building characteristics – Size – Interior wall materials – Identify areas needing coverage • public safety requires 100% coverage in exit pathways and fire control rooms – floor plans
- 12. Get permission from license holder Components ofin-building systems Types Industry Drivers holder Welcomeato in-building 101 Usefulpassive license of Terminology Get permission from in-building system
- 13. Importance of know donor signal strength Importance ofofin-building signal strength Components knowing Drivers 101 Types Industry donor systems Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building of Terminology Assumptions = 10dB gain donor antenna, 100 ft donor coax, 80dB gain BDA, 800Mhz SMR band, average office space propagation, -85 mobile RSSI • -95 donor = 22,000 sq ft • -90 = 42,240 sq ft • -85 = 88,000 sq ft • -80 = 178,000 sq ft • -75 = 282,000 sq ft • -70 = 712,800 sq ft Disclaimer – actual performance will vary greatly depending on the shape of the building, which will effect cable run lengths. But you get the idea. Donor signal is critical to a realistic design!
- 14. Composite Power Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology • Sum of all RF signals passing thru the repeater/BDA • All BDAs have a max composite power. The BDA goes into AGC and reduces the gain applied when composite power is exceeded. • This means, if the BDA is receiving unnecessary RF signals you may not be getting the gain you planned on. You should use either a band specific or channel specific filter on ALL installations.
- 15. Composite power: illustration of typical spectrum input Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology Illustration of typical spectrum input Total composite power = -44.24 dBm Everyone else -55 Public Safety -60 block -65 -70 -75 -80 851Mhz 866Mhz
- 16. Composite power: Using a band selective repeater/BDA Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology Using a band selective repeater/BDA Composite input power = -65.62 dBm -55 Roll-off -60 point -65 -70 -75 -80 851Mhz 866Mhz
- 17. Composite Power: even more important to use Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology band filters in the PCS band Even more important to use band filters in the PCS band -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 1930Mhz 1995Mhz
- 18. Composite Power: but all you wanted was this Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology But all you wanted was this -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 1930Mhz 1995Mhz
- 19. Composite Power: full band PCS Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of TerminologyFull band PCS -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 1930Mhz 1995Mhz
- 20. Composite Power: often cell carriers will have Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology split bands Often Cell carriers will have split bands -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 1930Mhz 1995Mhz
- 21. Composite Power Components ofin-building systems Types Composite Power 101 Welcomeato in-building system Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of Terminology • If you have a specific band that your intended signals are dominant in then use a band selective filter – Eg. cellular, PCS, public safety NPSPAC, Nextel (post rebanded) • If your desired channels are intermixed with interfering signals, use a channel selective BDA – SMR (pre-rebanded) VHF, UHF • The only way to know is to do an RF site survey from the intended donor antenna location
- 22. 3000 SYSTEM COMPONENTS Introduction to Zinwave In-Building Solution Provider with a Sales, Support and Partner network world- wide. US HQ in Plano, Texas Unique True Wideband Active DAS solution covering all wireless services between 136MHz and 2.7GHz with a simple modular design based around just 4 units Rapidly growing installed base across 9 countries, including Airports, Hospitals, Power plants, Government buildings, Leisure, Broadcasting and Sports venues. Operational systems are all multi-operator and support private PMR, public safety, commercial cellular, multi-cast WiFi, broadband data service, specialist telemetry and other services
- 23. 3000 SYSTEM COMPONENTS Hutton Offers: Zinwave - 3000 System Components Hubs Chassis Wide Band Remote Unit -Fibre Primary # 302-001 # 302 -0007 Used as Secondary -same # Modules Remote Power Supply #302-013 • Optical Module #302-002 • RF Service Module #302-003
- 24. Link Budget Components ofLink in-building 101 Types Composite Power system Welcomeato Budget systems Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of in-building Terminology • Downlink formula – RSSI at donor antenna – + Gain of donor antenna (assuming previous measurement was done with unity gain antenna) – - donor cable loss – + amplifier gain – - splitter/coupler losses – -coax cable losses – + server antenna gain in dbi – - free space path loss indoors (add in wall losses, body coupling losses, etc…) – = received signal strength at the handset Know your dBs
- 25. Link Budget Components ofLink in-building 101 Types Composite Power system Welcomeato Budget systems Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of in-building Terminology
- 26. About CSI Components ofLink in-building 101 Types Composite Power system Welcomeato Budget systems Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of in-building Terminology • Engineering in-building products since 1995 • Products available in Wireless Service Provider and Public Safety frequencies • North American Tier 1 Carriers use CSI • Leader in Digital Repeater technology • All Active products are Made in the USA • Selling over 45K BDAs and Repeaters Visit CSI at: www.cellularspecialties.com
- 27. CSI Product Offering ComponentsProductDrivers 101 Types CompositeOfferings system Welcomeato in-building CSIIndustry Power Usefulpassive in-building of Link Budget systems ofin-building Terminology Bi-Directional Digital Amplifiers Repeaters (BDAs) PRODUCTS Power Dividers Antennas & Couplers System Components Visit CSI at: www.cellularspecialties.com
- 28. Hutton Offers: CorrFlex Jumpers CorrFlex Jumpers • Priced competitively • PIM Certified • Manufacturer certified assembly process Are your jumpers factory made or field assembly equivalent?
- 29. Thank You! Components ofLink in-building 101 Types Composite Power system Welcomeato Budget systems Usefulpassive in-building Industry Drivers of in-building Terminology Thank You! • For pricing and product availability contact your usual Hutton sales rep • For product support and design assistance please contact Mike Brownson 303-373-3170 mikeb@huttoncom.com
Editor's Notes
- Greetings, I’m Professor Mike. We’re here today to talk about distributed antenna systems for cellular and public safety frequencies.
- First it’s useful to understand some of the terminology used in the DAS – Distributed Antenna System – world.
- We have 2 major types of in-building systems.These refer only to the DAS portion of the network, not the signal source like the BDA, BTS or other transceiverPassive gets their name from the use of all passive (non-powered) devices throughout the distribution networks. Active (also known as fiber DAS or hybrid fiber/coax) use active devices throughout the distribution network
- Our donor antenna is a highly directional antenna pointed toward the donor site
- Here’s a schematic diagram of a passive indoor system.
- While the majority of this discussion is about passive DAS, there are times when something more is needed.While we’re going to save the discussion of fiber DAS for another webinar here’s some reasons that you may want to consider going to a fiber DAS.1, mixing many multiple of frequencies in a low intermod method2. Large facilities, stadiums, large office buildings, museums, business and college campuses3. Future proof
- We’re seeing an explosion in the adoption of indoor wireless systems.
- Put services in notes
- What do we need to know to get started. Whether you’re doing your own designs or looking for assistance from Hutton there’s certain minimum pieces of information that we must have. The more info we have the more accurate the design can match the actual.
- And remember that you must get permission from the license holder to retransmit on their licensed frequencies
- Let’s talk about the importance of donor signal strength.If you don’t know what the donor signal is, or at least a good estimate, all we can do is guess as to what solution we need and how much gain we need in the BDA.
- Now let’s talk about power and the importance of filtering the incoming signal into the BDA.I mentioned in the first slid that composite power is the sum of all signals coming into the BDA/Repeater.All BDAs have a max composite power. This is the point at which the BDA starts limiting the gain applied to the incoming signals in order to not exceed it’s rated power output.So if your BDA is receiving more than you intended you may not be getting the signal amplification that you planned on.
- Repeater gain of 85dB, max composite power 27 dBm. ( Like the CSI DSP85-PSS8)Add 85dB gain and you’d think you would have +40.76dBm,That would be more than10 watts out of the BDA. But the BDA is limited to 27dBm max (half watt) so it’s only going to operate at 71dB gainNow your per channel power of the desired signals is -75dBm + 71dB gain = -4dBm per channel out of the BDA. Or 0.3981 milliwatts (a little less than zero point 4 watts)
- Same repeaterRepeater gain of 85dB, max composite power 27 dBm.-66dBm + 85dB = 19dBm (so we have not exceeded our max composite power)Now your per channel power of the desired signals is -75dBm + 85dB gain = +10dBm per channel out of the BDA. Or 10 milliwatts, over 20 times as much power per channel!Our previous example we only had -4dBm per channel real power available!So I hope you can see the importance of being selective with what your BDA sees
- With so many carriers in the PCS bands it’s especially important to only look at what you really need.
- With so many carriers in the PCS bands it’s especially important to only look at what you really need.
- So be sure to get a BDA that offers multiple pass windows
- Many repeaters offer software controlled band select filters to bring in only what you want.Without a site survey the proposal carries risk.
- Zinwave has some cool stuff. They are a worldwide DAS provider with their US headquarters in Plano, TX.The unique thing is that they are a true wideband solution and are frequency and technology agnostic. You can put anything from 136 Mhz to 2.7 Ghz in one end and it squirts out the other end.
- Here’s the basic downlink link budget formulaYou start with the received signal strength at the donor antenna site.If you are using a yagi antenna for the test then don’t add the yagi gain in again on the next step.