Regular exercise is one of the most used solutions to avoid obesity. In this study we compared the amounts of lipid oxidation and the level of perceived exertion in three physical exercises, one continuous and two intermittent in obese. Ten obese men (age 26.01 ± 6.0 years, weight: 104.2 ± 19.4 kg, BMI: 33.5 ± 3.6 kg / m2) performed three 45 minutes exercises during which we measured energy expenditure and the level of perceived exertion. A continuous exercise whose intensity corresponds to the intensity of Fat max, an intermittent exercise which alternate four minutes at the intensity of Fat max -10% and one minute at the fat max intensity +10% (intermittent 1/4), and a second intermittent exercise which alternate two minutes at the intensity of Fat max -10% and one minute at the Fat max intensity +20% (intermittent 1/2). While the total energy expenditure during continuous exercise (321.6 Kcal) is higher than those of the intermittent 1/4 (268.1 Kcal) and the intermittent 1/2 (268.9 Kcal), the amounts of energy from oxidized fats in the three exercises are equivalent: 34,6 Kcal, 31,8 Kcal and 36,2 Kcal respectively for the three exercises. The perceived exertion measured by the Borg scale showed that intermittent exercises causes less fatigue in obese than the continuous exercise.
Impact of Yogic Exercise on Body Fat Percentage on Middle Aged Obese PeopleSports Journal
Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to find out the effect of yogic exercises on body fat percentage of middle aged obese people.
Selection of Subjects: For the present study 20 male obese people from locality of Bilaspur were selected randomly as the subjects for the study. The age of the subjects ranged between 40-50 years.
Selection of Variables: The variables selected for the present study were yogic training (independent variable), body fat percentage (dependent variable).
Methodology: For the study pretest – post-test randomized group design, which consists of control group (10 subjects) and experimental group (10 subjects) were used. The data were collected through the pretest, before training and post-test, after six weeks of yogic exercises training.
Statistical Technique: For comparing pre and post-test means of experimental and control groups, descriptive analysis and Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) were used and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence.
Result: The result of the study showed that there was insignificant difference between pre and post-test (experimental group) of body fat percentage.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This pilot study examined the effects of a 6-week aquajogging program, consisting of biweekly 1-hour sessions, on 15 obese adults. The study found that the program was associated with:
1) Reduced total fat mass and waist circumference.
2) Increased distance on a 6-minute walking test, indicating improved aerobic fitness.
3) Improved scores on scales measuring physical function, self-esteem, and distress from the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life questionnaire.
4) Increased perceived exercise benefits and decreased embarrassment about exercise.
The results suggest aquajogging may be a useful intervention for reducing body fat and improving quality of life and exercise beliefs in obese individuals, and
Glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistanceMasoumeh Hosseini
This study examined the acute effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session on markers of type 2 diabetes in male smokers. Fifteen sedentary male smokers underwent a 40-minute run and had blood samples taken pre- and post-exercise to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels. The study found that glucose concentration, serum insulin levels, and insulin resistance decreased significantly following the single exercise session. This suggests that even short-term moderate exercise can positively influence indicators of type 2 diabetes in smokers.
This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of diet-induced weight loss, exercise-induced weight loss, exercise without weight loss, and a control group on obesity and related health factors in obese men over 3 months. It found that both diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss groups lost approximately 7.5 kg (8%) of body weight, with greater total fat loss in the exercise group. Abdominal fat and insulin resistance decreased similarly in both weight loss groups. Exercise without weight loss reduced abdominal fat and prevented further weight gain, but did not change weight or insulin resistance.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study assessed the effects of Oxytocin FactorTM for weight loss over 45 days. 45 participants were randomized to receive either a placebo or Oxytocin FactorTM twice daily. Results showed that the Oxytocin FactorTM group lost more weight (14.89 lbs), body fat (4.72%), and waist circumference (4.31 inches) on average compared to the placebo group, though statistical significance was not achieved due to the small sample size. Larger studies are needed to determine the statistical significance of Oxytocin FactorTM as a safe and effective weight loss tool.
Impact of Yogic Exercise on Body Fat Percentage on Middle Aged Obese PeopleSports Journal
Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to find out the effect of yogic exercises on body fat percentage of middle aged obese people.
Selection of Subjects: For the present study 20 male obese people from locality of Bilaspur were selected randomly as the subjects for the study. The age of the subjects ranged between 40-50 years.
Selection of Variables: The variables selected for the present study were yogic training (independent variable), body fat percentage (dependent variable).
Methodology: For the study pretest – post-test randomized group design, which consists of control group (10 subjects) and experimental group (10 subjects) were used. The data were collected through the pretest, before training and post-test, after six weeks of yogic exercises training.
Statistical Technique: For comparing pre and post-test means of experimental and control groups, descriptive analysis and Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) were used and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence.
Result: The result of the study showed that there was insignificant difference between pre and post-test (experimental group) of body fat percentage.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This pilot study examined the effects of a 6-week aquajogging program, consisting of biweekly 1-hour sessions, on 15 obese adults. The study found that the program was associated with:
1) Reduced total fat mass and waist circumference.
2) Increased distance on a 6-minute walking test, indicating improved aerobic fitness.
3) Improved scores on scales measuring physical function, self-esteem, and distress from the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life questionnaire.
4) Increased perceived exercise benefits and decreased embarrassment about exercise.
The results suggest aquajogging may be a useful intervention for reducing body fat and improving quality of life and exercise beliefs in obese individuals, and
Glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistanceMasoumeh Hosseini
This study examined the acute effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session on markers of type 2 diabetes in male smokers. Fifteen sedentary male smokers underwent a 40-minute run and had blood samples taken pre- and post-exercise to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels. The study found that glucose concentration, serum insulin levels, and insulin resistance decreased significantly following the single exercise session. This suggests that even short-term moderate exercise can positively influence indicators of type 2 diabetes in smokers.
This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of diet-induced weight loss, exercise-induced weight loss, exercise without weight loss, and a control group on obesity and related health factors in obese men over 3 months. It found that both diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss groups lost approximately 7.5 kg (8%) of body weight, with greater total fat loss in the exercise group. Abdominal fat and insulin resistance decreased similarly in both weight loss groups. Exercise without weight loss reduced abdominal fat and prevented further weight gain, but did not change weight or insulin resistance.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study assessed the effects of Oxytocin FactorTM for weight loss over 45 days. 45 participants were randomized to receive either a placebo or Oxytocin FactorTM twice daily. Results showed that the Oxytocin FactorTM group lost more weight (14.89 lbs), body fat (4.72%), and waist circumference (4.31 inches) on average compared to the placebo group, though statistical significance was not achieved due to the small sample size. Larger studies are needed to determine the statistical significance of Oxytocin FactorTM as a safe and effective weight loss tool.
The effect of high-fat versus high-carb diet on body composition in strength-...RefoRefaat
Low-fat, high-carb (LFHC) and low-carb, high-fat (LCHF) diets change body composition as a consequence of the reduction of body fat of overweight persons. The
aim of this study is the assessment of the impact of LFHC and LCHF diets on body
composition of men of a healthy body mass who do strength sports while maintaining the appropriate calorific value in a diet and protein intake. The research involved
55 men aged 19–35, with an average BMI of 24.01 ± 1.17 (min. 20.1, max. 26.1). The
participants were divided into two groups following two interventional diets: highfat diet or high-carb diet, for 12 weeks. The body composition of the participants
Effect of aerobic training on selected bio- chemical and anthropometrical var...Sports Journal
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic training on bio- chemical and
anthropometrical variables of college men. For this purpose 50 college men were selected from Sri
Ramakrishna Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science. The age of the subjects was ranged between 18 to
23 years. Body Weight and Body Fat were selected as a anthropometrical variable and Low Density Lipo
protein, High Density Lipo protein and Very Low Density Lipo Protein were selected as Bio- chemical
variables. 12 weeks of aerobic training program were given to the subjects, and pre and posttest were
conduced to the subject before and after 12 weeks of time with the use of standard test and qualified
medical personal. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using Paired sample t test. From the
statistical result it was concluded that the Aerobic dance was significantly improved the Bio- chemical
and Anthropometrical characteristic namely Body Weight, Body Fat, Low Density Lipo protein, High
Density Lipo protein and Very Low Density Lipo Protein in 0.05 level of significance
Effects of the Yo-Yo IR1 as a HIIT tool on the Body Composition and Aerobic C...Robert Ferris
Presentation of the results of a trial conducted by Robert Ferris, Andrew Atkinson, Andy Grannell and Aodhán McEntee in 2013, which investigated the potential efficacy of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Version 1 as a tool for high-intensity interval training in untrained males aged 18-30 years.
This study was conducted as part of our final year thesis for the awarding of the degree BSc. Health & Performance Science at University College Dublin.
Sources for all imagery and sources listed in references section where possible. I do not claim ownership of any images or graphics. Slides for educational purposes only, and should not replace clinical judgement. No monetary gain was made for this work.
This study tested whether applying a scientifically based nutritional strategy rather than a freely chosen strategy could improve marathon performance in non-elite runners. Runners were divided into two groups - one that chose their own nutrition and one following a targeted intake of fluids, carbohydrates, sodium, and caffeine. Those following the scientific strategy completed the marathon on average 10 minutes and 55 seconds faster, representing a 4.7% improvement. Both groups experienced low levels of gastrointestinal symptoms, with no significant differences between groups. The results suggest that a scientific nutritional approach can enhance marathon performance for recreational runners compared to allowing them to choose their own intake.
Effect of brisk walking on body fat percentage of sedentary collegeAlexander Decker
This study examined the effects of a 6-week brisk walking program on body fat percentage in 30 sedentary college students aged 18-25. Body fat percentage was measured before, during, and after the training using skinfold calipers. Results showed a significant reduction in body fat percentage from the beginning to the end of the 6-week training program. While there was no significant difference between the first two measurements, body fat percentage significantly decreased between the second and third, third and fourth, and fourth and fifth measurements, indicating the effectiveness of brisk walking at reducing body fat in this population.
This article explains the research outcome that indicates the possibilities of fat percentage of Obesity range regardless of Body mass index and body frames.
Effect of Walking on Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetesiosrjce
This study examined the effect of 30 minutes of walking on fasting blood sugar levels in 25 male and female adults with type 2 diabetes who were on regular treatment for over one year. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured before and after 30 minutes of walking. The results found a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar levels after 30 minutes of walking compared to without walking, with a p-value of less than 0.001. The study concluded that 30 minutes of walking a day can help control blood sugar levels and plays an important role in managing type 2 diabetes.
Six young women participated in a 16-week weightlifting training program consisting of exercises like squats, presses, and snatches. The training was divided into two 8-week blocks, with the first focusing on higher reps and the second on increased intensity. After training, the women experienced a decrease in body fat percentage of 3.85% on average without significant loss of body weight or muscle mass. The results suggest that weightlifting can positively alter body composition in young women by reducing body fat. However, the small sample size limits conclusions about its selective effects on fat loss. Overall, weightlifting appears to be a useful fitness activity for both normal and overweight young women.
Assess The Effect of Resistance Training Compared To a Weight Loss Diet Progr...IOSR Journals
To evaluate the effect of a Resistance training program (BT) versus weight loss diet (DR) on body composition, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents. Methods: Thirty obese adolescents with a BMI above the 97th percentile participated in a training program and diet for 12 weeks. They were randomized into two groups: a diet group (DR, n = 16) with a caloric restriction of 500 kcal / day and Strength training group (BT, n = 14) for all major muscle groups, three sessions / week with an intensity of 50-80% (1.RM) for 3 months. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed for all of our subjects before and after the intervention program of 12 weeks. Results: Significant variations of body composition parameters were observed in both groups. The decrease of BMI, body weight, fat mass and (WC) for the group (DR) was more important than the group (BT) (p <0.01><0.05><0.05)),><0.05).><0.05) respectively). Conclusion: Strength training improves much more the sensitivity to insulin and cardiovascular risk factors than weight loss diet program. The latter is more effective for weight loss, BMI and body fat in obese adolescent boys.
Case study on Holistic Diabetic Care using Diet, Yoga, Resisted Exercises usi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Objective to analyze the mechanism and effect of chromium on the recovery of bodybuilding. By consulting the data, the experimental. analysis method was adopted. The results of research practice show that the comparison of relevant indicators among people who exercise regularly shows that people who exercise regularly have a higher content of chromium than normal human body, and there is a signifi cant difference between the two. The combination of chromium and people who exercise regularly can increase the biological
activity of insulin in human body. Chromium supplementation will produce the effect of sports and fi tness lipid metabolism, consume fatty. acids, and promote the conversion of amino acids into protein to grow muscle faster, and enhance the size and strength of muscle fi ber. Enhance metabolism. The conclusion is that chromium can effectively repair excessive oxygen free radicals in human body, break the balance between antioxidant, timely repair oxygen free radicals without causing accumulation in the body, reduce the cycle damage of free radicals to the body, etc. People should pay attention to timely supplement chromium after exercise, the body will have a series of good effects.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effect of a 45-minute running exercise on glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity in 14 inactive adult men with mild to moderate asthma. The study found that the exercise test was associated with acute and recovery responses in all variables. Specifically, serum insulin, glucose, and insulin sensitivity decreased immediately after and 60 minutes following the exercise test when compared to pre-test levels. This indicates that a single bout of aerobic exercise can positively impact diabetes markers in asthma patients.
The document proposes a minimal exercise regimen for type 2 diabetics that utilizes brief, moderate intensity muscle contractions after meals to lower blood glucose levels. Preliminary data from one subject who followed this regimen for nearly 3 years showed improved HbA1c levels and blood glucose control without medication. The hypothesis is that such a minimally demanding regimen can reliably lower post-meal blood sugar spikes and benefit glycemic management more than typical ADA recommendations.
This document summarizes a study that compared the post-exercise nutrition knowledge and practices of masters (≥50 years) and younger (≤30 years) triathletes in Australia. The study found that over 40% of triathletes did not know the recommended post-exercise carbohydrate and protein intake amounts. Both groups consumed inadequate carbohydrate after exercise compared to recommendations, with masters triathletes consuming significantly less carbohydrate and energy than younger triathletes. The results suggest triathletes have poor knowledge of post-exercise nutrition guidelines and masters triathletes may not be optimizing their recovery with current intake practices.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diet and muscle fiber type are all major factors in predicting intramuscular carnosine concentration [1]. Constituent substrate availability, including the amino acids L-histidine and more specifically beta alanine, play the greatest role in determining the concentration of intramuscular carnosine, a potent intracellular Hydrogen ion buffer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation on exercise performance, specifically activities relying on anaerobic glycolysis.
Method: The review included articles from peer-reviewed journals with sufficient data related to the purpose and focus of the study. Inclusion criteria included randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2007.
Results: Twenty relevant studies were identified; various experimental protocols were employed, including both acute and chronic effects of beta alanine supplementation on physical performance. All studies were published 2007 through 2017, providing a robust overview of experimentation over the last 10 years.
Discussion and conclusion: Among studies analyzed in this mini-review, the consensus reached regarding the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation for performance enhancement was relatively positive. Most studies followed similar supplementary strategies, consuming anywhere from 1.6 to 6.4g/day for 2 to 10 weeks. The majority of these studies demonstrated statistically significant increases in intramuscular carnosine content, a physiological parameter that is positively correlated with sprinting and power performance. Many studies presented results in support of enhanced muscular endurance performance subsequent to supplementation relative to the placebo group. Researchers also noted a decline in peak aerobic capacity concurrent to a delay in the onset of blood lactate accumulation, supporting the notion of enhanced glycolytic capacity. More research is necessary to identify optimal dosing strategies for performance optimization across the spectrum of physical activities.
Cardiovascular diseases are considered as one of the threats to human
health, especially, in individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to
investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercises in 10 to 12 years old overweight
girls. In this study, 27 overweight female student whit 10-12 years old were selected
and were randomly divided into two groups; a) training group (n=17) and b) control
group (n=10). Training group participated into the aerobic training for 8 weeks, with
70-85 percent of heart rate reserve maximum, 3 times a week and 60 minutes in each
session. The variables such as BF, BMI, WHR and VO2max, were measured in two
groups before and after the training period. The average of variables such as BF, BMI
and VO2max were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). But the
average of WHR were not significantly different between two groups. According to
these results, aerobic exercise in 10-12 years old overweight girls, can have beneficial
effects on some cardiovascular risk factors.
Complexation, Spectroscopic, Thermal, Magnetic And Conductimetric Studies On ...IOSR Journals
7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(phenylazo) coumarin (L1)and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(o-carboxyphenylazo) coumarin (L2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Mass spectra. The important infrared (IR) spectral bands corresponding to the active groups in the two ligands and the solid complexes under investigation were studied. Also the important fragments in the ligands and the complexes were done using mass spectra and the main peaks were corresponding to the molecular weights of the ligands and complexes. The solid complexes have been synthesized and studied by elemental and thermal analyses (TG and DTA) as well as by IR, 1H NMR, magnetic measurements, electronic transition, molar conductance, mass spectra and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The proposed steriochemical structures for the investigated metal complexes suggest octahedral geometry with respect to Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn metal ions and all of the formed complexes contain coordinated and hydrated water molecules. All of the prepared solid complexes behave as non-electrolytes in chloroform.
Cost Effectiveness of Replacing Sand with Crushed Granite Fine (CGF) In the M...IOSR Journals
The economic gain of replacing sand with Crushed Granite Fines in the production of concrete was investigated. Compressive strength and slump tests were performed on fresh and hardened concrete using two nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 with the sand component being partially replaced with Crushed Granite Fines. Compressive strength values above 30 N/mm² and 35 N/mm² were obtained for nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 respectively when sand was partially replaced with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines. Based on the economic analysis of the test results, replacement of sand with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines is recommended for use in concrete production.
Synthesis and Characterization O-, M- and Para-Toluyl Thiourea Substituted Pa...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Six new derivatives of carbonyl thiourea comprises of o-,m- and p-toluyl at one end of Nitrogen atom and p-methylpyridine or ethyl pyridine at another one end of Nitrogen atom has been synthesized. The compounds are, 2-methyl-N-[(4-methylpyridine-2-yl) carbamothiol] benzamide (I), 3-methyl-N-[(4-methylpyridine-2-yl) carbamothiol] benzamide (II) and 4-N-[(4-methylpyridine-2-yl) carbamothiol] benzamide (III) for Toluyl-MP while 2-methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl) carbamothiol] benzamide (IV), 3- methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl) carbamothiol] benzamide (V) and 4- methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl) carbamothiol] benzamide (VI) for isomer Toluidal-AEP have been successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis). All products shown stretching modes of ν(N-H), ν(C=O), ν(C-N), and ν(C=S) around 3276 cm-1, 1671 cm-1, 1315cm-1 and 1148 cm-1 respectively. All products shown two maximum absorption around 262 nm and 290 nm respectively for carbonyl C=O and thione C=S chromophore. Those both values contributed by n -п* transition. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed presence of aromatic, methyl, methine and amide protons except for product III. All products showed presence of carbon thione in 13C nuclear magnetic resonance except for product III. Ionophor interpretation with acetate anion shows color changes by naked eye for compound (I) and (III).
A Digital Pen with a Trajectory Recognition AlgorithmIOSR Journals
Abstract : Now a days, the development of miniaturization technologies in electronic circuits and components has seriously decreased the dimension and weight of consumer electronic products, those are smart phones and handheld computers, and thus prepared them more handy and convenient. This paper contains an accelerometer-based digital pen for handwritten digit and gesture trajectory recognition applications. The digital pen consists of a triaxial accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an Zigbee wireless transmission module for sensing and collecting accelerations of handwriting and gesture trajectories. with this project we can do human computer interaction. Users can utilize this pen to write digits or make hand gestures, and the accelerations of hand motions calculated by the accelerometer are wirelessly transmitted to a computer for online trajectory recognition. So, by varying the position of mems (micro electro mechanical systems) we can capable to show the alphabetical characters in the PC. The acceleration signals calculated from the triaxial accelerometer are transmitted to a computer via the wireless module. Keywords - ARM, Zigbee, Sensors module
Voice Recognition Wireless Home Automation System Based On ZigbeeIOSR Journals
This document describes a voice recognition wireless home automation system based on Zigbee. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a HM2007 speech recognition chip and Zigbee modules to allow voice control of home appliances from a base station. The base station takes voice commands, which are processed by the HM2007 chip and sent via Zigbee to a remote station. The remote station then controls connected devices like lights, fans, and sensors based on the commands. The system is designed for elderly and disabled users to easily operate home automation and appliances with voice.
The effect of high-fat versus high-carb diet on body composition in strength-...RefoRefaat
Low-fat, high-carb (LFHC) and low-carb, high-fat (LCHF) diets change body composition as a consequence of the reduction of body fat of overweight persons. The
aim of this study is the assessment of the impact of LFHC and LCHF diets on body
composition of men of a healthy body mass who do strength sports while maintaining the appropriate calorific value in a diet and protein intake. The research involved
55 men aged 19–35, with an average BMI of 24.01 ± 1.17 (min. 20.1, max. 26.1). The
participants were divided into two groups following two interventional diets: highfat diet or high-carb diet, for 12 weeks. The body composition of the participants
Effect of aerobic training on selected bio- chemical and anthropometrical var...Sports Journal
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic training on bio- chemical and
anthropometrical variables of college men. For this purpose 50 college men were selected from Sri
Ramakrishna Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science. The age of the subjects was ranged between 18 to
23 years. Body Weight and Body Fat were selected as a anthropometrical variable and Low Density Lipo
protein, High Density Lipo protein and Very Low Density Lipo Protein were selected as Bio- chemical
variables. 12 weeks of aerobic training program were given to the subjects, and pre and posttest were
conduced to the subject before and after 12 weeks of time with the use of standard test and qualified
medical personal. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using Paired sample t test. From the
statistical result it was concluded that the Aerobic dance was significantly improved the Bio- chemical
and Anthropometrical characteristic namely Body Weight, Body Fat, Low Density Lipo protein, High
Density Lipo protein and Very Low Density Lipo Protein in 0.05 level of significance
Effects of the Yo-Yo IR1 as a HIIT tool on the Body Composition and Aerobic C...Robert Ferris
Presentation of the results of a trial conducted by Robert Ferris, Andrew Atkinson, Andy Grannell and Aodhán McEntee in 2013, which investigated the potential efficacy of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Version 1 as a tool for high-intensity interval training in untrained males aged 18-30 years.
This study was conducted as part of our final year thesis for the awarding of the degree BSc. Health & Performance Science at University College Dublin.
Sources for all imagery and sources listed in references section where possible. I do not claim ownership of any images or graphics. Slides for educational purposes only, and should not replace clinical judgement. No monetary gain was made for this work.
This study tested whether applying a scientifically based nutritional strategy rather than a freely chosen strategy could improve marathon performance in non-elite runners. Runners were divided into two groups - one that chose their own nutrition and one following a targeted intake of fluids, carbohydrates, sodium, and caffeine. Those following the scientific strategy completed the marathon on average 10 minutes and 55 seconds faster, representing a 4.7% improvement. Both groups experienced low levels of gastrointestinal symptoms, with no significant differences between groups. The results suggest that a scientific nutritional approach can enhance marathon performance for recreational runners compared to allowing them to choose their own intake.
Effect of brisk walking on body fat percentage of sedentary collegeAlexander Decker
This study examined the effects of a 6-week brisk walking program on body fat percentage in 30 sedentary college students aged 18-25. Body fat percentage was measured before, during, and after the training using skinfold calipers. Results showed a significant reduction in body fat percentage from the beginning to the end of the 6-week training program. While there was no significant difference between the first two measurements, body fat percentage significantly decreased between the second and third, third and fourth, and fourth and fifth measurements, indicating the effectiveness of brisk walking at reducing body fat in this population.
This article explains the research outcome that indicates the possibilities of fat percentage of Obesity range regardless of Body mass index and body frames.
Effect of Walking on Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetesiosrjce
This study examined the effect of 30 minutes of walking on fasting blood sugar levels in 25 male and female adults with type 2 diabetes who were on regular treatment for over one year. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured before and after 30 minutes of walking. The results found a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar levels after 30 minutes of walking compared to without walking, with a p-value of less than 0.001. The study concluded that 30 minutes of walking a day can help control blood sugar levels and plays an important role in managing type 2 diabetes.
Six young women participated in a 16-week weightlifting training program consisting of exercises like squats, presses, and snatches. The training was divided into two 8-week blocks, with the first focusing on higher reps and the second on increased intensity. After training, the women experienced a decrease in body fat percentage of 3.85% on average without significant loss of body weight or muscle mass. The results suggest that weightlifting can positively alter body composition in young women by reducing body fat. However, the small sample size limits conclusions about its selective effects on fat loss. Overall, weightlifting appears to be a useful fitness activity for both normal and overweight young women.
Assess The Effect of Resistance Training Compared To a Weight Loss Diet Progr...IOSR Journals
To evaluate the effect of a Resistance training program (BT) versus weight loss diet (DR) on body composition, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents. Methods: Thirty obese adolescents with a BMI above the 97th percentile participated in a training program and diet for 12 weeks. They were randomized into two groups: a diet group (DR, n = 16) with a caloric restriction of 500 kcal / day and Strength training group (BT, n = 14) for all major muscle groups, three sessions / week with an intensity of 50-80% (1.RM) for 3 months. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed for all of our subjects before and after the intervention program of 12 weeks. Results: Significant variations of body composition parameters were observed in both groups. The decrease of BMI, body weight, fat mass and (WC) for the group (DR) was more important than the group (BT) (p <0.01><0.05><0.05)),><0.05).><0.05) respectively). Conclusion: Strength training improves much more the sensitivity to insulin and cardiovascular risk factors than weight loss diet program. The latter is more effective for weight loss, BMI and body fat in obese adolescent boys.
Case study on Holistic Diabetic Care using Diet, Yoga, Resisted Exercises usi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Objective to analyze the mechanism and effect of chromium on the recovery of bodybuilding. By consulting the data, the experimental. analysis method was adopted. The results of research practice show that the comparison of relevant indicators among people who exercise regularly shows that people who exercise regularly have a higher content of chromium than normal human body, and there is a signifi cant difference between the two. The combination of chromium and people who exercise regularly can increase the biological
activity of insulin in human body. Chromium supplementation will produce the effect of sports and fi tness lipid metabolism, consume fatty. acids, and promote the conversion of amino acids into protein to grow muscle faster, and enhance the size and strength of muscle fi ber. Enhance metabolism. The conclusion is that chromium can effectively repair excessive oxygen free radicals in human body, break the balance between antioxidant, timely repair oxygen free radicals without causing accumulation in the body, reduce the cycle damage of free radicals to the body, etc. People should pay attention to timely supplement chromium after exercise, the body will have a series of good effects.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effect of a 45-minute running exercise on glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity in 14 inactive adult men with mild to moderate asthma. The study found that the exercise test was associated with acute and recovery responses in all variables. Specifically, serum insulin, glucose, and insulin sensitivity decreased immediately after and 60 minutes following the exercise test when compared to pre-test levels. This indicates that a single bout of aerobic exercise can positively impact diabetes markers in asthma patients.
The document proposes a minimal exercise regimen for type 2 diabetics that utilizes brief, moderate intensity muscle contractions after meals to lower blood glucose levels. Preliminary data from one subject who followed this regimen for nearly 3 years showed improved HbA1c levels and blood glucose control without medication. The hypothesis is that such a minimally demanding regimen can reliably lower post-meal blood sugar spikes and benefit glycemic management more than typical ADA recommendations.
This document summarizes a study that compared the post-exercise nutrition knowledge and practices of masters (≥50 years) and younger (≤30 years) triathletes in Australia. The study found that over 40% of triathletes did not know the recommended post-exercise carbohydrate and protein intake amounts. Both groups consumed inadequate carbohydrate after exercise compared to recommendations, with masters triathletes consuming significantly less carbohydrate and energy than younger triathletes. The results suggest triathletes have poor knowledge of post-exercise nutrition guidelines and masters triathletes may not be optimizing their recovery with current intake practices.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diet and muscle fiber type are all major factors in predicting intramuscular carnosine concentration [1]. Constituent substrate availability, including the amino acids L-histidine and more specifically beta alanine, play the greatest role in determining the concentration of intramuscular carnosine, a potent intracellular Hydrogen ion buffer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation on exercise performance, specifically activities relying on anaerobic glycolysis.
Method: The review included articles from peer-reviewed journals with sufficient data related to the purpose and focus of the study. Inclusion criteria included randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2007.
Results: Twenty relevant studies were identified; various experimental protocols were employed, including both acute and chronic effects of beta alanine supplementation on physical performance. All studies were published 2007 through 2017, providing a robust overview of experimentation over the last 10 years.
Discussion and conclusion: Among studies analyzed in this mini-review, the consensus reached regarding the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation for performance enhancement was relatively positive. Most studies followed similar supplementary strategies, consuming anywhere from 1.6 to 6.4g/day for 2 to 10 weeks. The majority of these studies demonstrated statistically significant increases in intramuscular carnosine content, a physiological parameter that is positively correlated with sprinting and power performance. Many studies presented results in support of enhanced muscular endurance performance subsequent to supplementation relative to the placebo group. Researchers also noted a decline in peak aerobic capacity concurrent to a delay in the onset of blood lactate accumulation, supporting the notion of enhanced glycolytic capacity. More research is necessary to identify optimal dosing strategies for performance optimization across the spectrum of physical activities.
Cardiovascular diseases are considered as one of the threats to human
health, especially, in individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to
investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercises in 10 to 12 years old overweight
girls. In this study, 27 overweight female student whit 10-12 years old were selected
and were randomly divided into two groups; a) training group (n=17) and b) control
group (n=10). Training group participated into the aerobic training for 8 weeks, with
70-85 percent of heart rate reserve maximum, 3 times a week and 60 minutes in each
session. The variables such as BF, BMI, WHR and VO2max, were measured in two
groups before and after the training period. The average of variables such as BF, BMI
and VO2max were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). But the
average of WHR were not significantly different between two groups. According to
these results, aerobic exercise in 10-12 years old overweight girls, can have beneficial
effects on some cardiovascular risk factors.
Complexation, Spectroscopic, Thermal, Magnetic And Conductimetric Studies On ...IOSR Journals
7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(phenylazo) coumarin (L1)and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(o-carboxyphenylazo) coumarin (L2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Mass spectra. The important infrared (IR) spectral bands corresponding to the active groups in the two ligands and the solid complexes under investigation were studied. Also the important fragments in the ligands and the complexes were done using mass spectra and the main peaks were corresponding to the molecular weights of the ligands and complexes. The solid complexes have been synthesized and studied by elemental and thermal analyses (TG and DTA) as well as by IR, 1H NMR, magnetic measurements, electronic transition, molar conductance, mass spectra and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The proposed steriochemical structures for the investigated metal complexes suggest octahedral geometry with respect to Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn metal ions and all of the formed complexes contain coordinated and hydrated water molecules. All of the prepared solid complexes behave as non-electrolytes in chloroform.
Cost Effectiveness of Replacing Sand with Crushed Granite Fine (CGF) In the M...IOSR Journals
The economic gain of replacing sand with Crushed Granite Fines in the production of concrete was investigated. Compressive strength and slump tests were performed on fresh and hardened concrete using two nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 with the sand component being partially replaced with Crushed Granite Fines. Compressive strength values above 30 N/mm² and 35 N/mm² were obtained for nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 respectively when sand was partially replaced with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines. Based on the economic analysis of the test results, replacement of sand with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines is recommended for use in concrete production.
Synthesis and Characterization O-, M- and Para-Toluyl Thiourea Substituted Pa...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Six new derivatives of carbonyl thiourea comprises of o-,m- and p-toluyl at one end of Nitrogen atom and p-methylpyridine or ethyl pyridine at another one end of Nitrogen atom has been synthesized. The compounds are, 2-methyl-N-[(4-methylpyridine-2-yl) carbamothiol] benzamide (I), 3-methyl-N-[(4-methylpyridine-2-yl) carbamothiol] benzamide (II) and 4-N-[(4-methylpyridine-2-yl) carbamothiol] benzamide (III) for Toluyl-MP while 2-methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl) carbamothiol] benzamide (IV), 3- methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl) carbamothiol] benzamide (V) and 4- methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl) carbamothiol] benzamide (VI) for isomer Toluidal-AEP have been successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis). All products shown stretching modes of ν(N-H), ν(C=O), ν(C-N), and ν(C=S) around 3276 cm-1, 1671 cm-1, 1315cm-1 and 1148 cm-1 respectively. All products shown two maximum absorption around 262 nm and 290 nm respectively for carbonyl C=O and thione C=S chromophore. Those both values contributed by n -п* transition. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed presence of aromatic, methyl, methine and amide protons except for product III. All products showed presence of carbon thione in 13C nuclear magnetic resonance except for product III. Ionophor interpretation with acetate anion shows color changes by naked eye for compound (I) and (III).
A Digital Pen with a Trajectory Recognition AlgorithmIOSR Journals
Abstract : Now a days, the development of miniaturization technologies in electronic circuits and components has seriously decreased the dimension and weight of consumer electronic products, those are smart phones and handheld computers, and thus prepared them more handy and convenient. This paper contains an accelerometer-based digital pen for handwritten digit and gesture trajectory recognition applications. The digital pen consists of a triaxial accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an Zigbee wireless transmission module for sensing and collecting accelerations of handwriting and gesture trajectories. with this project we can do human computer interaction. Users can utilize this pen to write digits or make hand gestures, and the accelerations of hand motions calculated by the accelerometer are wirelessly transmitted to a computer for online trajectory recognition. So, by varying the position of mems (micro electro mechanical systems) we can capable to show the alphabetical characters in the PC. The acceleration signals calculated from the triaxial accelerometer are transmitted to a computer via the wireless module. Keywords - ARM, Zigbee, Sensors module
Voice Recognition Wireless Home Automation System Based On ZigbeeIOSR Journals
This document describes a voice recognition wireless home automation system based on Zigbee. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a HM2007 speech recognition chip and Zigbee modules to allow voice control of home appliances from a base station. The base station takes voice commands, which are processed by the HM2007 chip and sent via Zigbee to a remote station. The remote station then controls connected devices like lights, fans, and sensors based on the commands. The system is designed for elderly and disabled users to easily operate home automation and appliances with voice.
Capacity Enhancement of MIMO-OFDM System in Rayleigh Fading ChannelIOSR Journals
Abstract: MIMO-OFDM system in Rayleigh Fading Channel is very popular technique for mobile communication now a day’s for research. Here we want increase the capacity of MIMO-OFDM of system by using adaptive modulation, Algebraic Space-Time Codes (ASTC) encoder for MIMO Systems are based on quaternion algebras .we found that ergodic capacity has some limitation which reduce the system’s performance to overcome this we use ASTC code . ASTC code are full rank, full rate and non vanishing constant minimum determinant for increasing spectral efficiency and reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) . Keywords— Adaptive modulation ASTC code, Capacity, BER, Ergodic capacity, PAPR, Spectral Efficiency and SNR
Structural and Spectroscopical Studies for a Complex Macromolecule (hGH)IOSR Journals
This document describes a study examining the effects of various environmental factors on the tertiary structure of human growth hormone (hGH) using UV spectroscopy. The factors investigated include pH, ionic strength using halides and divalent cations, temperature, and denaturants like urea. The results show that tryptophan residues are buried inside the hGH structure while tyrosine residues are on the surface. Changes in pH, salts, and other conditions cause shifts in the UV absorption peaks, indicating alterations in hGH structure. The study provides insights into how hGH conformation responds to biochemical changes in the body.
This document discusses the application of systems theory and operations research concepts to sustainable development problems. It establishes that sustainable development can be represented as a control problem in a state space to keep the system within feasible regions over time. Multiple criteria optimization methods from operations research are well-suited to analyze planning and control for sustainable development given its economic, social, and environmental aspects. The document provides examples of how traditional operations research problems have evolved to incorporate more criteria related to sustainability over time.
The document presents soliton solutions to four nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) using the Rational Sine-Cosine Method. It summarizes the method and then applies it to obtain solutions for:
1) The Boussinesq Equation, resulting in a soliton solution involving parameters α, β, γ, μ, and c.
2) The Gardner Equation, obtaining a soliton solution involving parameters α, β, γ, μ, and c.
3) The Generalized Boussinesq-Burgers Equations, though no explicit solution is shown.
4) The Mikhailov-Shabat system of equations, though again no solution is displayed.
Transformational Leadership at Muhammadiyah Primary Schoolson Emotional Intel...IOSR Journals
The aim of this research are examines the influence of Authentic Transformational Leadership behavior on Emotional Intelligence with intervening variables: Value CongruenceandTrust of the teachers and employees at MuhammadiyahPrimary Schools forward Bass &Avolio Theory. Quantitative approach used on this research. The samples in this study were 55 employees and 110 teachers. The finding indicate that Authentic Transformational Leadership behavior have significant direct effect on Emotional Intelligence. The significant influence was also shown by intervening variables: Value Congruence (positive), andTrust (negative). For further studies there is recommended to conduct similar studies in high school Muhammadiyah, considering there are differences in the curriculum and the emotional maturity of students and teachers
Herbal Cures Practised By Rural Populace In Varanasi Region Of Eastern U.P.(I...IOSR Journals
A survey based study to collect information regarding use of herbs as household treatment of common ailments in rural areas of Varanasi region of eastern U.P. was undertaken .In Varanasi as in other parts of India , the people especially those residing in rural and semi-urban areas still practise herbal cures for many of their ailments. In the present investigation a total of 40 medicinally important plant species belonging to 27 families were recorded which are frequently used by local populace to cure diseases such as cold,cough,fever,snake bite,boils piles etc.As plants are easily available and sometimes the only source of healthcare available to poor therefore there is a great need for preservation of such medicinal plants.
Investigating and Classifying the Applications of Flexible Manufacturing Syst...IOSR Journals
The recent manufacturing environment is characterized as having diverse products due to mass
customization, short production lead-time, and unstable customer demand. Today, the need for flexibility, quick
responsiveness, and robustness to system uncertainties in production scheduling decisions has increased
significantly. In traditional job shops, tooling is usually assumed as a fixed resource. However, when tooling
resource is shared among different machines, a greater product variety, routing flexibility with a smaller tool
inventory can be realized. Such a strategy is usually enabled by an automatic tool changing mechanism and tool
delivery system to reduce the time for tooling setup, hence allows parts to be processed in small batches. In this
research, a dynamic scheduling problem under flexible tooling resource constraints is studied. An integrated
approach is proposed to allow two levels of hierarchical, dynamic decision making for job scheduling and tool
flow control in Automated Manufacturing Systems. It decomposes the overall problem into a series of static subproblems
for each scheduling window, handles random disruptions by updating job ready time, completion
time, and machine status on a rolling horizon basis, and considers the machine availability explicitly in
generating schedules. Two types of manufacturing system models are used in simulation studies to test the
effectiveness of the proposed dynamic scheduling approach. First, hypothetical models are generated using
some generic shop flow structures (e.g. flexible flow shops, job shops, and single-stage systems) and
configurations(Insup,Um.,et al.,2009).They are tested to provide the empirical evidence about how well the
proposed approach performs for the general automated manufacturing systems where parts have alternative
routings. Second, a model based on a real industrial flexible manufacturing system was used to test the
effectiveness of the proposed approach when machine types, part routing, tooling, and other production
parameters closely mimic to the real flexible manufacturing operations.
Comparison of Sports Anxiety in three different Stages between Team and Indiv...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that compared sports anxiety levels in individual and team athletes from Manipur, India at three stages: before, during, and after competition. The study surveyed 173 individual athletes and 173 team athletes over 5 years using anxiety questionnaires. It found that both individual and team athletes experienced significantly higher anxiety during competition than before or after. It also found no significant difference in anxiety levels between individual and team athletes before and after competition, but individuals had significantly higher anxiety than teams during competition. The study concluded that anxiety is an important factor affecting sports performance that varies depending on the stage of competition and type of sport.
Assessment of water supply facilities in Owo Local Government Area, Ondo Stat...IOSR Journals
The current study was carryout to investigate the status of water supply facilities in 24 rural
communities of Owo local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Former and informer interview,
questionnaire and physical assessment conducted. Secondary data from Nigeria National Population
Commission (NNPC) were used in this study. The major water supply facilities used by the communities were
mostly hand dug well and boreholes which in most cases were fitted with either electric or hand pump. It was
observed that all the boreholes fitted with hand pump were failed while 86 % of those fitted with electrics pump
were also failed. In the case of the hand dug well more than 37 % of all the hand dug well were failed. Borehole
failure was due to people ignorance, non availability of spare parts, constant water failure, poor maintenance
skills and attitude of the communities. The failures of the hand dug well were mainly due to low water table or
aquifer region. The survey assessment results revealed that sustainable water supply to the community could be
enhancing through the use of hand pump boreholes. Hand pump boreholes appeared more reliable with low
operational technology, their cost effectiveness affordability and available spare parts. The studies recommend
the involvement of the community participation in the overall management of the water facility in other to
enhance sustainability.
P- Delta Effect in Reinforced Concrete Structures of Rigid joint IOSR Journals
Popularity of High-Rise structures of rigid joint frame system are incresing day by day to accommodate growing people in metropoliton city and to construct the structures without any special structural component. However combination of rigid frame with RC structure get 30 storey as maximum storey and prone to collapse under severe displacement, axial force and moment, if the P-Delta effects does not included in analysis and design phase. Due to complexity and low knowledge of P-Delta analyses designers, engineers and architectures are prone to perform Linear Static analysis which may eventually become a cause of catastropic collapse of the high-rise. 12 cases and 2 different analysis are performed to give a light on the P-Delta effect in RC Structures of Rigid Joint which will aware and suggest concering person to understand, make experience and perform P-Delta analysis of the high-rise for safety using numeriacal modelling which may accelerate the process and reduce the complexities.
This document summarizes a research paper on tracking moving objects and determining their distance and velocity using background subtraction algorithms. It first describes background subtraction as a process to extract foreground objects from video by comparing each frame to a background model. It then discusses several algorithms used in the research, including median filtering for noise removal, morphological operations to smooth object regions, and connected component analysis to detect large foreground regions representing objects. The document evaluates these techniques on video to track a single object, determine the distance and velocity of that object between frames, and identify multiple moving objects.
Antibacterial Property of Essential Oil and its vibrational analysisIOSR Journals
In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural substances, and some questions concerning the safety of synthetic compounds have encouraged more detailed studies of plant resources. Essential oils, odorous and volatile products of plant secondary metabolism, have a wide application in folk medicine, food flavoring and preservation as well as in fragrance industries. In our present work with the vibrational spectroscopy of quantum chemical calculations of Eugenol,Geronial have been carried out. The compounds are responsible for most of the characteristic aroma .DFT analysis is performed before and after application of clove oil on Asbergillus fungi..Vibrational analysis on Eugenol( 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol is also carried out.The fluorescent property of the material was also discussed.
Survey of Reactive Routing Protocols for MANETIOSR Journals
A MANET is a collection of mobile nodes by wireless links forming a dynamic topology without any
network infrastructure such as routers, servers, access points/cables or centralized administration. The nodes
are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These nodes change position frequently. The
main classes of routing protocols are Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid. A Reactive (on-demand) routing strategy
is a popular routing category for wireless ad hoc routing. It is a relatively new routing philosophy that provides
a scalable solution to relatively large network topologies. The design follows the idea that each node tries to
reduce routing overhead by sending routing packets whenever a communication is requested. DSR and AODV
are reactive route discovery algorithms where a mobile device of MANET connects by gateway only when it is
needed. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying performance metrics. These simulations are
carried out using the ns-2 network simulator
Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Composition of ...IOSR Journals
The dehulled seeds of three varieties of Lagenaria siceraria were subjected to control fermentation process. The fermented and unfermented seeds were analysed for their nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions using AOAC 1998. The fermented seeds were found to contain high amount of crude protein (48.12%) and crude fibre (4.11%) compared to 27.42% and 0.67% for unfermented seeds respectively. Similarly, crude lipid content of the seeds decreased by about 75%. The process also results in decrease in phytate, oxalate, tannins and cyanide content with consequent increase in nitrate and Vitamin C. Hence fermenting the seeds is an important way of exposing its protein content and reducing the antinutritional content. The seeds were found to have good potentials for preparation of condiments which are commonly used in the preparation of soup.
A New Lupan type Triterpene Butilinol from Viburnum grandiflorumIOSR Journals
The isolation and structural studies on the chemical constituents of Viburnum grandiflorum are described. The medicinal properties of the plant are also described. The mentholic extract was subjected to the preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) test experiments to investigate the isolation pattern. Based on the PTLC test experiments, the extract was subjected to the silica gel column chromatography. The column was eluted with increasing polarities of organic solvents. This afforded several fractions. The fractions were re-chromatographed on silica gel column to afford a new lupan type triterpene butilinol (1) with several known compounds i. e. oleanolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), β-sitosterol (4), butilinic acid (5), butilin (6), α-amyrin (7) and germanicol (8). The compound (6) was not reported previously from the genus Viburnum. This therefore represents its first report from Viburnum grandiflorum. The compounds (2) and (4) have been previously reported from Viburnum pronifolium while the compounds (3) and (8) from Viburnum opulus and Viburnum erubescens, respectively. This represents the first report of the presence of these compounds in Viburnum grandiflorum. The structures of the above compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR, Mass, 1NMR, 13C-NMR) and literature evidences. The hexane and ethyl acetate soluble portions of the methanolic extract showed significant antifungal activity, while the chloroform soluble portion and the remaining methanol extract showed moderate activity.
- 20 pre-obese and obese subjects participated in a study that assigned them to either morning training (MG) or evening training (EG) while following a low calorie diet
- Both groups saw significant improvements in physical capacity, decreases in body weight, BMI, fat mass, percentage of fat, and waist circumference after 8 weeks of training
- However, the evening training group (EG) saw greater decreases in fat mass and percentage of fat compared to the morning group, as well as an increase in lean body mass, suggesting evening training was more effective for fat loss and preservation of muscle mass
Effect of time-of-day specific obese training on body composition and physica...IOSR Journals
The best strategy for management of obese, outside pharmacological interventions, is physical exercise associated to diet. Recent research has discovered that the problem of obesity is largely due to a biological clock and that lipid oxidation is higher in the evening compared to the morning and at night compared to day. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of time-of-day specific obese training on body composition and physical capacity in obese following a low calorie diet. 20 sedentary pre-obese and obese with a mean BMI of 34.3 kg/m2 aged 20 to 47 years subjects participated in a concurrent strength and specific endurance training for obese. Subjects were divided into two training groups: a Morning training Group (MG: n = 10) and an Evening training Group (EG: n=10). The specific training associated to lower caloric diet has increased physical capacity (17,7% for EG and 15,6% for MG), decreased body weight (7,3% for EG and 6% for MG) fat percentage (19,5% for EG and 11,3% for MG) and waist circumference (10,2% for EG and 8,2% for MG) in both groups. Afternoon training was more effective than morning training on fat loss (24.9% for EG versus 15.9% for MG) and on lean mass variation (+2.9% for EG versus -0.5% for MG).
1) The study examined the effects of a 6-week aerobic exercise program on serum resistin levels in 24 sedentary obese women divided into an exercise or control group.
2) While the exercise group showed improvements in body weight and abdominal obesity after the program, their serum resistin levels did not change significantly compared to pre-training levels.
3) The findings suggest that more substantial weight loss, of at least 5% of body weight, may be needed to see improvements in adipocytokine levels like resistin in obese individuals.
This document summarizes research on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on obesity. It finds that HIIT can be an effective strategy for promoting health in sedentary overweight or obese individuals. Specifically, several studies have found that HIIT can increase fat oxidation, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce waist circumference and blood pressure in this population. Both interval training protocols based on the Wingate test and modified low-volume HIIT programs have led to metabolic benefits. While more research is still needed, HIIT shows promise as a time-efficient exercise strategy to induce beneficial adaptations for weight loss and health in overweight and obese individuals.
This study examined how weight loss affects resting metabolic rate and its relationship to lean muscle mass and fitness levels in obese adults. Obese men and women were placed on a very low calorie diet and exercise program to lose 15% of their body weight over 3 months. Their resting metabolic rate, body composition via DXA scan, and fitness via VO2 max test were measured at baseline and after weight loss. The results found that resting metabolic rate, lean mass, and fitness all decreased with weight loss. While resting metabolic rate was positively correlated with lean mass at both timepoints, the changes in each were not correlated, suggesting other factors also influence changes in resting metabolic rate with weight loss.
Case study for rugby athlete in rehabilitationDaniel Kapsis
This case study examined an 8-week nutritional intervention for a rugby player undergoing rehabilitation for a shoulder injury. The intervention consisted of a 3,400 kcal per day diet with high protein and carbohydrates, as well as creatine and whey protein supplements. The athlete gained 5.2 kg total, of which 4.9 kg was lean muscle mass while maintaining his body fat percentage. Arm measurements increased significantly, indicating muscle hypertrophy. The intervention successfully helped the athlete rapidly gain muscle mass during rehabilitation without increasing body fat.
This document discusses effective physical treatments for chronic low back pain. It finds that exercise is one of the few clearly effective treatments, with systematic reviews finding exercise reduces pain and disability. While exercise is effective, the optimal implementation is unclear. Two example programs discussed are group general exercise and individually supervised specific spinal stabilization exercise. The document also discusses laser therapy for chronic back pain, but notes no systematic review has evaluated its efficacy.
RECENT ADVANCES IN EXERCISE INTERVENTION FOR FATIGUE MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS W...Muskan Rastogi
This document summarizes recent advances in exercise interventions for managing fatigue in patients with gynecologic cancer. It reviews 3 studies that investigated the effects of different types of exercise on fatigue. A randomized controlled trial found that a 12-week resistance exercise program significantly improved quality of life and reduced fatigue in patients with gynecologic cancer compared to a control group. Another study found that relaxation breathing exercises conducted 4 times daily for 30 minutes significantly reduced fatigue in women receiving chemotherapy, more so than exercises conducted 2 times daily. A systematic review concluded that resistance, aerobic, flexibility, and breathing exercises can all help alleviate fatigue in this patient population, but noted limited evidence and called for additional research.
This document contains abstracts from presentations at the December 2014 International Sports and Exercise Nutrition Conference.
The first abstract finds that high intensity exercise (70% VO2max) increased sensitivity to sour tastes compared to low intensity exercise (50% VO2max), with no differences in sensitivity to other tastes. Sensitivity to sweet tastes negatively correlated with changes in blood glucose for both intensities.
The second abstract finds that a 16-week diet and exercise program resulted in fat mass loss and lean mass gain for all diet groups (high protein or control), along with improved health markers. Extra protein intake from dairy did not further enhance results.
The third abstract finds that intensive treadmill exercise in mice increased small intestine permeability,
1. Dietary interventions, exercise, and drug therapies can help with weight loss but maintaining long-term weight loss remains a challenge.
2. Studies show modest weight loss of 3-5kg on average from dietary and exercise changes alone but adherence is often low.
3. Combining dietary changes, increased physical activity, and drug therapies like Orlistat can result in greater initial weight loss of 5-10% but significant weight regain occurs over time.
HAL for Gait Training in MS:
- Improve gait parameters
- Decrease fatigue
- Improve balance and mobility
- Increase walking endurance
HAL: Hybrid Assistive Limb
- Powered exoskeleton suit
- Sensors in suit detect bioelectric signals from muscles
- Suit assists voluntary limb movement
Ongoing Study: Not yet published
Investigation of the changes on muscular endurance in response to aerobic and...Sports Journal
The rationale of the study is to investigate the changes on muscular endurance in response to aerobic and
anaerobic training among type 2 diabetic patients. To achieve the purpose of the study 45 male type 2
diabetic patients from Ongole, in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, India, were selected as subjects.
The subjects were selected in the age group of 45 to 50 years and they were randomly assigned into three
equal groups of 15 each. Experimental group-I performed aerobic training, experimental group-II
performed anaerobic training and group III acted as control. The muscular endurance was selected as
dependent variable. The data collected from the three groups prior to and post experimentation on
selected dependent variable was statistically analyzed to find out the significant difference if any, by
applying the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever the obtained ‘F’ ratio value was found to be
significant for adjusted post-test means, the Scheffe’s test was applied as post hoc test. In all the cases the
level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 level for significance. The result of the study produced 20.48%
percentage of improvement due to aerobic training and 15.32% of improvement due to anaerobic training
in muscular endurance of the diabetic patients
This study examined the effects of a step aerobics exercise program on heart rate, blood pressure, and lipid levels in a 55-year-old male with acute myocardial infarction. The 8-week program involved 3 sessions per week of warm-up, 20 minutes of step aerobics at moderate intensity, and cool-down exercises. Results showed reductions in systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and increases in HDL levels and decreases in triglyceride and LDL levels following the program. The study concluded that step aerobics can effectively lower cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
This document summarizes a study that compared the effects of sprint interval training (SIT), endurance training (ET), and a combined training protocol (COMB) on physiological parameters and exercise performance over an 8-week training period. 29 participants were matched and randomly assigned to SIT, ET, COMB, or a control group. The SIT group did 5-8 repetitions of 5-second sprints twice a week, the ET group cycled for 40-60 minutes at 60% VO2peak three times a week, and the COMB group did a combination. Testing before and after training measured VO2max, anaerobic threshold, cardiovascular parameters, blood markers, and performance. Results showed improvements in resting
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary program for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. It aims to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and increase daily activity levels through exercise training, education, and psychosocial support. Key components of PR include aerobic endurance training, strength training, and education on disease management. Exercise programs typically involve walking, cycling, and are supervised 2-5 times per week for 4-12 weeks. Outcome assessments measure changes in dyspnea, exercise ability, health status, and activity levels. PR has been shown to improve patients' respiratory symptoms and overall health.
20190410 Aquatic exercises improves BMD in postmenopausal womenJulie Tzeng
1) The study assessed the effects of a high-intensity jump-based aquatic exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) and functional fitness in postmenopausal women. 2) The training group participated in 30-minute aquatic exercise sessions involving high-intensity jumping thrice weekly for 24 weeks, while the control group did not exercise. 3) The training group demonstrated significant increases in BMD at the total femur, lumbar spine, and whole body compared to the control group, as well as improvements in chair stand and time up-and-go test performance.
This study aimed to determine the positive effects of resistance training in patients with chronic heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness. 16 patients underwent a 3-month resistance training program or served as controls. Resistance training improved skeletal and respiratory muscle function, functional capacity, cardiac function, dyspnea, and quality of life. It increased muscle strength, endurance, and exercise performance. Resistance training is an effective rehabilitation strategy for improving outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure.
3. combined exercise and inspiratory muscle training in patientsHibaAnis2
The document summarizes research on combining exercise and inspiratory muscle training for patients with heart failure. A study found that adding inspiratory muscle training to aerobic training resulted in greater improvements in respiratory muscle function, quality of life, and biomarkers compared to aerobic training alone, though no additional benefit was seen for exercise capacity. A second study found that combining aerobic training with resistance and inspiratory muscle training (the "ARIS" program) led to greater gains in lower limb and respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, and quality of life compared to aerobic training only. The findings suggest multi-modal exercise training provides additional benefits over aerobic training alone for patients with heart failure.
- The document examines the prospective associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors over 4 years in people with type 2 diabetes.
- It finds that increases in physical activity energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness, and decreases in sedentary time, were associated with improvements in waist circumference, blood pressure, and clustered cardiometabolic risk.
- Baseline measures of these factors were generally not predictive of cardiometabolic risk at the 4-year follow up, suggesting the importance of changes over time rather than single measures.
Similar to Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form (20)
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form
1. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 6, Issue 1 (Mar. – Apr. 2013), PP 45-50
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page
Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in
obese: effect of the exercise form
Mohamed Ali Khanfir1
, Hassen Ben Aouicha1
, Liwa Masmoudi1
,
Faten Ben Hmadou2
1
Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax (Tunisia)
2
Sectorial center of medicine and sports sciences Sfax (Tunisia)
Abstract: Regular exercise is one of the most used solutions to avoid obesity. In this study we compared the
amounts of lipid oxidation and the level of perceived exertion in three physical exercises, one continuous and
two intermittent in obese. Ten obese men (age 26.01 ± 6.0 years, weight: 104.2 ± 19.4 kg, BMI: 33.5 ± 3.6 kg /
m2
) performed three 45 minutes exercises during which we measured energy expenditure and the level of
perceived exertion. A continuous exercise whose intensity corresponds to the intensity of Fat max, an
intermittent exercise which alternate four minutes at the intensity of Fat max -10% and one minute at the fat
max intensity +10% (intermittent 1/4), and a second intermittent exercise which alternate two minutes at the
intensity of Fat max -10% and one minute at the Fat max intensity +20% (intermittent 1/2). While the total
energy expenditure during continuous exercise (321.6 Kcal) is higher than those of the intermittent 1/4 (268.1
Kcal) and the intermittent 1/2 (268.9 Kcal), the amounts of energy from oxidized fats in the three exercises are
equivalent: 34,6 Kcal, 31,8 Kcal and 36,2 Kcal respectively for the three exercises. The perceived exertion
measured by the Borg scale showed that intermittent exercises causes less fatigue in obese than the continuous
exercise.
Keywords: Obese, exercise form, fat expenditure, perceived exertion
I. Introduction
Obesity has become the first non-infectious disease of history [1].The World Health Organization puts
its prevention and its management as a priority in the field of nutritional pathology [2]. The obesity treatment is
faced difficulties fit for any disease with a strong behavioral and social component [3] [4]. The management of
the obese can combine several methods: diet, behavioral therapy, drug therapy, endoscopic and surgical
treatment and physical exercise [5]. Currently, regular physical activity is part of most strategies for
management of obesity [6]. The metabolic entrainment became a reality [7]. There is some consensus to
promote physical activity in the fight against obesity [8]. The prescription, however, still seems a perfectible
area. The intensity and duration of exercises for obese have been the object of several studies whereas studies
that have dealt with the form of these exercise are rare [9]. With the emergence of the "Crossover Point" and "fat
max" concepts, the determination of the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is now individualized [10].
In fact, several studies emphasize the importance of the individualized intensity in physical activity programs
[10] [11]. The duration of the proposed exercises for the obese varies from thirty to sixty minutes [12]. With
obese, the question that is often debated now is no longer the intensity or the duration of the exercise, but the
form of the exercise. Until now, the continuous exercise is the mostly recommended despite the interests of the
intermittent exercise. Continuous and prolonged exercise is known for its ability to oxidize large amounts of
lipids [13] [14]. Therefore, the rehabilitation programs offered to obese patients are often composed of
continuous aerobic exercise [15] [16]. Moreover, relatively recent studies have shown the interest of intermittent
exercise on the mobilization and oxidation of lipids [17] [18] [19]. In Obese patients, in addition to the intensity,
duration and form of the exercise, the effectiveness of a training program depends largely on the level of
patient’s adherence. If obese patients adhere little to rehabilitation programs, the benefits are often
disappointing. In overweight persons, the stress level of exercise is very important for the sustainability of a
regular exercise. A low to moderate perception of stress exercise is essential [20]. The aim of any program in
management of obese is to transform an inactive person to an active [15]. In this register, the intermittent
exercise appears to be less monotonous and better perceived than continuous exercise. In this study we will
compare the evolution of lipid oxidation and the level of stress generated by three physical exercises, one
continuous and two intermittent, in obese subjects.
II. Methods
Ten obese men (age 26.01 ± 6.0 years, weight: 104.2 ± 19.4 kg, height: 1.75 ± 0.088 m, BMI: 33.5 ±
3.6 k / gm2) participated in the study. A doctor specializing in sports medicine center conducted a consultation
2. Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form
www.iosrjournals.org 46 | Page
for participants to verify that they are nonsmoking, free from diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease,
and they were not taking medications known to influence metabolic responses. Subjects were instructed not to
engage in any strenuous exercise on the day preceding an experimental test, and they participated in 4 separate
exercise sessions on cycle ergometer (Ergometrics 800, Ergoline ®, Blitz, Germany) spaced between 3 to 5 days
from each other. A first session consisting in a progressive exercise for the determination of VO2max and Fat
max. The other three sessions consist of three 45 minutes exercises which simulate exercise training where we
measure the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates while noting the level of perceived exertion. A continuous
exercise whose intensity corresponds to the intensity of Fat max, an intermittent exercise which alternate four
minutes at the intensity of Fat max -10% and one minute at the fat max intensity +10% (intermittent 1/4), and a
second intermittent exercise which alternate two minutes at the intensity of Fat max -10% and one minute at the
Fat max intensity +20% (intermittent 1/2).
The order of the 45 minutes exercise was randomized and followed a counterbalanced format. Before
participating in the study, all subjects were informed of the protocol and the objective of this study and gave
their written consent.
2.1 Testing protocol
The progressive exercise used here was adapted from a previously described and validated protocol in
obese [6]. The progressive exercise includes an initial warm-up period at 20% of the Maximum Predicted Power
(MPP) for three minutes. After this warm-up phase, the test has four levels of six minutes long at 30, 40, 50 and
60% of the MPP respectively. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were averaged over
the last 2 min of each six minutes level. The six minutes’ Levels are more suitable for obese patients than three
minutes' levels. After the last step of six minutes, two to three short steps of one minute long have been made to
meet the classical criteria of maximality of the test. The recovery phase includes two periods when monitoring
respiratory and cardiac parameters is maintained: active recovery at 20% of the MPP for one minute and passive
recovery during the next two minutes.
For the determination of fat max, breath-by-breath measurements were taken during exercise by using an open
circuit gas analysis system (ZAN 600 WHOLE SYSTEM TB600/005) to measure VO2 and VCO2. From these
values, we determine the respective shares of oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids by applying the theory of
indirect calorimetry that uses the following formulas:
Carbohydrates (mg / min) = 4,585 VCO2 - 3, 2255 VO2
Lipids (mg / min) = -1, 7012 VCO2 + 1, 6946 VO2
In the 45 minutes exercises, measuring VO2 and VCO2 have determined the respective shares of
carbohydrates and lipids in energy expenditure. The use of the Borg scale has determined the level of perceived
exertion at the end of each exercise [21].
2.2 Statistical analyze
The statistical data analysis is performed on a microcomputer by using the software Statistica 6.1. The
data are presented in the text and in the tables as means ± standard deviations and in the figures as mean and
standard errors. Shapiro Wilk test is applied to check the normality of distributions. The comparison between
the three types of exercise is done by the application of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated
measures. When a significant effect was observed, a post hoc analysis Scheffé test is conducted to compare the
types of exercise in pairs. All statistics are considered significant for a probability threshold of 5% (p <0.05).
III. Results
The lipid flow at Fat max measured during the progressive test is 133.8 mg / min ± 33.4 which
complies with the results of F. Brandou et al. [22] and JF Brown et al. [15]. The Fat max of study subjects
corresponds to 30.3 ± 5.3% of VO2max in accordance to the literature [23] [15] [24] [22]. Total energy
expenditure during the three exercises of 45 minutes is reported in Fig 1.
3. Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form
www.iosrjournals.org 47 | Page
Fig 1: Total energy expenditure during continuous exercise, intermittent 1/4 exercise and intermittent
1/2 exercise
*: significant difference (p < 0.05)
The variance analysis showed a significant effect between the three types of exercises: F (2, 18) =
155.08. The post hoc test shows a significant difference between the continuous exercise and intermittent
exercises p <0.001.
The share of fats and carbohydrates in energy expenditure is reported in Fig 2.
Fig 2: Relative energy expenditure during continuous exercise, intermittent 1/4 exercise and
intermittent 1/2 exercise
The analysis of variance did not show a significant difference between the three types of exercises: F
(2, 18) = 0.854, p = 0.442.
While the total energy expenditure during continuous exercise (321.6 Kcal) is higher than those of the
intermittent 1/4 (268.1 Kcal) and the intermittent 1/2 (268.9 Kcal), the percentage of fat expenditure during
continuous exercise is lower than the percentage of fat expenditure during intermittent exercises.
The amounts of oxidized fats in the three exercises are equivalent. The variance analysis of amounts of
burned fat during the three exercises showed no significant difference: F (2, 18) = 0,321,
p = 0,729 Fig 3.
321.6
268.1 268.9
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Continuous Intermittent1/4 Intermittent1/2
totalenergyexpenditure(kcal)
*
*
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Continuous Intermittent
1/4
Intermittent
1/2
89.1% 87.7% 85.8%
10.9% 12.3% 14.2%
Totalenergyexpenditure(%)
Carbohydrate
expenditure
4. Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form
www.iosrjournals.org 48 | Page
Fig 3: Energy from lipid expenditure during continuous exercise, intermittent 1/4 exercise and
intermittent 1/2 exercise
The analysis of perceived exertion by the Borg scale during the three exercises of 45 minutes showed
that intermittent exercises causes less fatigue in obese than the continuous exercise Fig 4.
Fig 4: Effect of the exercise form on the perceived exertion during continuous exercise, intermittent 1/4
exercise and intermittent 1/2 exercise
The analysis of variance showed a significant effect between the three types of exercises with F (2, 18)
= 65.23. The post hoc test displayed a significant difference between the exercise in its continuous and
intermittent form at p <0.001
IV. Discussion
The best form of exercise for fat utilization is subject of controversy. Exercises usually offered during
retraining programs for obese are continuous exercises [14] [10] [8] [16] while several studies have indicated
that intermittent exercise may increase fat oxidation compared to continuous exercise [17] [18]. Besides, the
proposed activities to obese should ensure an optimal level of membership. A perception of low to moderate
stress exercise is essential [20].
Based on previous findings, we saw interesting to conduct a study of the oxidation of lipids in obese
during different types of exercise to determine the most effective and better perceived exercise by this
population.
34.6 31.8
36.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Continuous Intermittent1/4 Intermittent1/2
Fatexpenditure(kcal)
15.8
13.2 13.1
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Continuous Intermittent1/4 Intermittent1/2
Borgscale
*
*
5. Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form
www.iosrjournals.org 49 | Page
On total energy expenditure, we found that continuous exercise allows more total expenditure (321.6
kcal) than the intermittent exercise 1/2 (268.1 Kcal) and intermittent exercise 1/4 (268.9 Kcal). With daily
practice, these amounts of energy expenditure for the three types of exercise exceed the weekly standard
threshold of 1500 Kcal recommended by GM Gakicic et al [13] JM Oppert and [25].
Although the total amount of energy expended during continuous exercise is higher than the amount of
energy expended in intermittent exercises, the relative amount of energy from fat in the continuous exercise
(10.9%) is lower than the intermittent exercise 1/4 (12.3%) and the intermittent exercise 1/2 (14.2%).
These measures suggest that intermittent exercise is more selective in lipid oxidation than continuous
exercise. This idea is confirmed by Tremblay et al [26] who have compared a continuous exercise program of 20
weeks to intermittent exercise program of 15 weeks. In this study, the energy cost of intermittent exercise was
very lower than the energy cost of the continuous exercise but the impact of intermittent exercise on the
reduction of subcutaneous fat was significantly higher. In another study, Billat [28] showed that intermittent
exercise increased oxidative capacity of muscle fibers type II better than continuous exercise. Well, Essen et al
[28] showed that an hour of intermittent exercise around 50% of VO2 max, lipids were more used than glycogen
when compared with continuous exercise at 50% of VO2 max.
The continuous exercise has long been used by obese subjects [29] [16] [30] since it is more costly in
terms of energy. The results we have identified show that the intermittent exercise is less expensive in energy
expenditure but more selective in the oxidation of lipids. The intermittent exercise affinity to lipid oxidation will
probably guide the choice of several authors to this type of exercise in oxidation fat program [18].
Up to now, studies which suggest intermittent exercise are very rare. To our knowledge, we can expose
two works. The study of Gail Trapp and al [17] consisted of short sprints (8 seconds sprint, 12 seconds
recovery) and long sprints (24 seconds sprint, 36 seconds recovery) for 20 minutes. And the study of B.J.
Coquart et al. [18] which consisted of 32 minutes of intermittent exercise on a cycle ergometer. During these
exercises, subjects alternated two minutes of work at 120% of the aerobic threshold and two minutes of active
recovery at 80% of the aerobic threshold. In these studies, exercise intensities had now relationships with the
lipid oxidation intensity. As recognized by F. Brandou, If we seek to optimize lipid expenditure, the exercise
intensity should be individualized at lipids maximum oxidation point (Lipox max) if exercise is continuous and
around this point if exercise is intermittent [31].
The effectiveness of a training program in obese is not limited to the amount of fat oxidized during
exercise but is measured by the sustainability of its application. It is encouraging inactive and sedentary subjects
to become moderately active on a regular basis. In other words, we try to integrate physical activity into the
welfare registry and improving the health of humans [25] [3].
In our study, the intermittent exercise is better perceived by obese subjects. These subjects consider
continuous exercise as difficult whereas they consider intermittent exercises to be just somewhat difficult. This
result is consistent with the result suggested by B. J. Coquart which advocates that the intermittent exercise is
the best perceived form by obese [18]. Compared with continuous exercise the intermittent exercise can oxidize
the same amounts of lipids with less tiredness and less energy expenditure fatigue and monotony. These results
should encourage the intermittent exercise prescription instead of continuous exercise in the treatment of
obesity.
V. Conclusion
Through this work, definitely we have determined the most appropriate exercise form for lipid
oxidation in obese subjects. However, we can think to improve the effectiveness of this exercise. The duration
of this exercise can probably be extended, to increase energy expenditure, views the reduction of fatigue
recorded in this form of intermittent exercise.
References
[1] F. Samguigol, Obesity: A Chronic multifactorial disease, Physiotherapy, review, Volume 8 issue, in April, 2008, pages.14-16.
[2] C. Emery, J. Dinet, A. Lafuma, C. Sermet, B. Khoshnood, F. Fagnani, Evaluation of stroke associated with obesity in France,
Metabolic disease medicine, Volume 1 issue 2 June 2007, Page 28-34.
[3] C.A. Dour, T. M. Horacek, S. M. Schembre, B. Lohse, S. Hoerr, K. Kattelmann, A. A. White, S. Shoff, B. Phillips, G. Greene
Process Evaluation of Project WebHealth: A. Nondieting Web-based Intervention for Obesity Prevention in College Students. J
Nutr Educ Behav. 2013, Feb 11.
[4] M. C. Kegler, D. W. Swan, I. Alcantara, L. Feldman, K. Glanz, The Influence of Rural Home and Neighborhood Environments on
Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Weight.Prev Sci. 2013, Feb 14.
[5] M. MERROUCHE, B. Coffin. Obesity treatment, indication and method of Endoscopic and surgical treatment, EMC-Hepatho
Gastroenterology, Volume 2, issue 3 July 2005, page 189-200.
[6] C. Grondard, F. Charbonnier, J. P. Gasc, P. P. Vidal, C. L. Gallien, C. Canon, Biological responses to training: data
cineradiography. Science & Sports vol. 20 Issue 4 August, 2005. p. 232-234.
[7] J. K. Zakrzewski, K. Tolfrey, Comparison of fat oxidation over a range of intensities during treadmill and cycling exercise in
children, Eur J Appl Physiol, 2012 Jan;112(1):163-71.
6. Lipid oxidation and perceived exertion level during exercise in obese: effect of the exercise form
www.iosrjournals.org 50 | Page
[8] D. R. Bensimhon, W. E. Kraus, and M. P. Donahue, “Obesity and physical activity: a review,”American Heart Journal, vol. 151,
no. 3, pp. 598–603, 2006.
[9] B. J. Coquart and al. Chronic Effects of intermittent exercises on energy intake in obese women: a preliminary study, Journal
Obesity, Volume 4, Number 1, March 2009, Pages 49-53.
[10] JF Brun, John E, E Ghanassia, Flavier S, Mercier J. Retraining metabolic diseases targeted individually by calorimetry effort.
Annals of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2007; 50 (6):520-527
[11] N. A. Crisp, K. J. Guelfi, M. K. Licari, R. Braham, P. A. Fournier, Does exercise duration affect Fatmax in overweight boys? Eur J
Appl Physiol, 2012 Jul; 112(7),2557-64.
[12] P. Duché, Physical activity and infantile obesity: Tracking, prevention and treatment, Science & Sports 23 (2008) 278–282.
[13] J. M. Jakicic, Physical activity considerations for the treatment and prevention of obesity, Am J Clin Nutr, 2005, 82(suppl 1), 226S–
229S.
[14] M. C. Venables, A. E. Jeukendrup, Endurance training and obesity: effect on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity, Med Sci
Sports Exerc, 2008 Mar;40(3):495-502.
[15] I. Glisezinski, Lipid mobilization from adipose tissue during exercise, Science & Sports vol. 22 Issue 6 December, 2007, p. 280-
285.
[16] R. C. Browning, M. M. Reynolds, W. J. Board, K. A. Walters, Obesity does not impair walking economy across a range of speeds
and grades, J Appl Physiol, 2013 Feb 14.
[17] E. G. Trapp, D. J. Chisholm, S. H. Boutcher, Metabolic response of trained and untrained females during high intensity intermittent
cycle exercise, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2007.
[18] J. B. J. Coquart, C. Lemaire, C. Douillard, M. Garcin, Effects of an intermittent walking program on mass and body composition in
obese women, Journal of Endocrinology Volume 69, Issue 3, June 2008, Pages 227-230.
[19] J. R. Lacour, Lipid metabolism and exercise, The practitioner Review 2001, vol. 51, No. JUN, NS, p. 36-41.
[20] S. Lazzer, M. Vermorel, C. Montaurier, Changes in adipocyte hormones and lipid oxidation associated with weight loss and regain
in severely obese adolescents, Int. J. Obes, (Lond.),2005;29:1184–1191.
[21] G. BORG, Borg’s perceived exertion and pain scales, Human Kinetics, 1998, p 103.
[22] F. Brandou, M. Dumortier, P. Garandeau, J. Mercier, J. F. Brun, Effects of two-month rehabilitation program on substrate
utilization during exercise in obese adolescents, Diabetes and Metabolism, (2003). 29, 20–27.
[23] E. Garrigue, I. Glisezinski, I. Harant, C. Moro, F. Pillard, F. Cramps, , D. Rivière, Lipid metabolism and muscular exercise in obese
subjects. Science & Sports vol. 21 issue 2 April, 2006. p. 68-73.
[24] A. Perez-Martin, M. Dumortier, E. Raynaud, J. F. Brun, C. Fedou, J. Bringer, Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal
exercise in lean and obese people, Diabetes Metab 2001; 27: 466-74.
[25] J. M. Oppert, P. Dalarun. Physical activity and obesity treatment, Medicine Obesity, BASDEVANT A GREAT GUY-B (eds),
Medicine-Flammarion Sciences, Paris, 2004: 222-227.
[26] A. Tremblay, J. A. Simoneau and C. Bouchard, Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism,
Metabolism, 1994, 43:814-8.
[27] V. Bïllat, B. Flechet, B. Petit, Interval training effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers, Med Sci Sports Exerc,
1999; 31:156-63.
[28] B. Essén, Glycogen depletion of different fiber types in human skeletal muscle during intermittent and continuous exercise, Acta
Physiologica Scandinavica, Volume 103, Issue 4, August, 1978, p 446–455.
[29] E. John, Grubka, Mr. Karafiat, S. Flavier, C. Fédou and J. Mercier, Effects of endurance training targeted by calorimetry effort
among type 2 diabetes, Ann. Endocrinol, (Paris) 67 (2006), p. 462.
[30] M. J. Ekman, M. Klintenberg, U. Björck, F. Norström, M. Ridderstråle, 6-minute walk test before and after a weight reduction
program in obese subjects, Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Oct 3.
[31] F. Brandou, A.M. Savy-Pacaux, J. Marie, M. Bauloz, I. Maret-Fleuret and S. Borrocoso, Impact of high and low-intensity targeted
exercise training on substrate utilization in obese boys submitted to a hypocaloric diet, Diabetes Metab, (2005), p 327–335.