The document compares different types of network operating systems (NOS), noting that a NOS is designed to support workstations and PCs connected on a local area network through features like printer sharing, file sharing, application sharing, and network management. It provides examples of NOS like LANtastic, Banyan VINES, Novell NetWare, and Microsoft LAN Manager, and also mentions that some multi-purpose operating systems like Windows NT and Digital's OpenVMS include NOS capabilities.
The document describes the hardware needed to connect standalone computers into a local area network. It discusses network adapters, hubs, switches, and wireless access points. It explains the roles of computers in client-server and peer-to-peer networks. It also defines the ring, bus, and star network topologies.
This document provides an overview of LAN network design and various high-speed networking technologies. It discusses the evolution of networking needs that led to faster LANs, describes Ethernet and some of its variants like Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It also covers wireless LAN technologies and fiber optic networks like Fibre Channel. Key concepts explained include CSMA/CD, full duplex operation, and different physical layer specifications for networks operating at speeds of 100Mbps, 1Gbps, and 10Gbps.
This document provides an overview of high speed backbone network design and routing. It discusses key elements of backbone networks including fiber optics, layer 2 and 3 switches, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), quality of service measures, and resilience. Fiber optic cables provide benefits like high bandwidth, low loss, and security. Layer 2 switches operate at the data link layer, while layer 3 switches perform both layer 2 and layer 3 functions for improved performance. DWDM combines multiple light wavelengths on a single fiber to increase bandwidth. Quality of service and resilience features ensure high throughput and network stability.
This document provides an overview of cabling LANs and WANs with three key points:
1. It describes different cabling media like UTP and the straight-through and crossover cables used to connect devices on a LAN.
2. It discusses LAN segmentation using bridges, hubs and switches to reduce collisions and improve performance. Switches allow intelligent forwarding of frames to specific segments.
3. It compares peer-to-peer and client/server network models, noting that client/server scales better and provides more centralized management and security for larger networks.
This document discusses various components of backbone networks including bridges, routers, and gateways. It describes common backbone architectures like serial, distributed, and collapsed backbones. Key technologies discussed include Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM. The document provides details on improving backbone performance through techniques like upgrading network components, increasing circuit capacity, and reducing network demand. It recommends designing backbones that can be easily upgraded and moving to Ethernet as the standard technology for both LANs and backbones.
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It defines a local area network (LAN) and discusses common LAN topologies like bus, star, and ring. It also describes common networking hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, routers, and network interface cards. The document outlines different network media including copper, fiber optic, and wireless technologies. It provides examples of how home and business networks can be implemented using these concepts and technologies.
Introduction to computer networks for performance venuesartsit
This document introduces computer networks for performance venues. It discusses terminology like LANs, WLANs, and WANs. Devices like switches and routers are also covered. VLANs are explained as a way to segment one physical network into multiple virtual networks using a managed switch or router. This allows sharing of cables while keeping traffic separate. VLANs provide security benefits and reduce infrastructure needs by limiting traffic crossing between segments. The document provides an example network architecture showing how VLANs can isolate lighting, sound, and internet systems on their own virtual networks for a performance venue.
This document discusses the key aspects of a hierarchical switched LAN architecture. It describes the purpose and functions of the access, distribution and core layers. The access layer interfaces with end devices, the distribution layer aggregates and controls traffic flow, and the core layer acts as the high-speed backbone. A hierarchical design model provides benefits like scalability, redundancy, performance, security and manageability. Factors to consider for an effective design include network diameter, bandwidth aggregation and redundancy. The document also covers matching switches to network layers and Cisco switch product lines.
The document describes the hardware needed to connect standalone computers into a local area network. It discusses network adapters, hubs, switches, and wireless access points. It explains the roles of computers in client-server and peer-to-peer networks. It also defines the ring, bus, and star network topologies.
This document provides an overview of LAN network design and various high-speed networking technologies. It discusses the evolution of networking needs that led to faster LANs, describes Ethernet and some of its variants like Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It also covers wireless LAN technologies and fiber optic networks like Fibre Channel. Key concepts explained include CSMA/CD, full duplex operation, and different physical layer specifications for networks operating at speeds of 100Mbps, 1Gbps, and 10Gbps.
This document provides an overview of high speed backbone network design and routing. It discusses key elements of backbone networks including fiber optics, layer 2 and 3 switches, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), quality of service measures, and resilience. Fiber optic cables provide benefits like high bandwidth, low loss, and security. Layer 2 switches operate at the data link layer, while layer 3 switches perform both layer 2 and layer 3 functions for improved performance. DWDM combines multiple light wavelengths on a single fiber to increase bandwidth. Quality of service and resilience features ensure high throughput and network stability.
This document provides an overview of cabling LANs and WANs with three key points:
1. It describes different cabling media like UTP and the straight-through and crossover cables used to connect devices on a LAN.
2. It discusses LAN segmentation using bridges, hubs and switches to reduce collisions and improve performance. Switches allow intelligent forwarding of frames to specific segments.
3. It compares peer-to-peer and client/server network models, noting that client/server scales better and provides more centralized management and security for larger networks.
This document discusses various components of backbone networks including bridges, routers, and gateways. It describes common backbone architectures like serial, distributed, and collapsed backbones. Key technologies discussed include Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM. The document provides details on improving backbone performance through techniques like upgrading network components, increasing circuit capacity, and reducing network demand. It recommends designing backbones that can be easily upgraded and moving to Ethernet as the standard technology for both LANs and backbones.
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It defines a local area network (LAN) and discusses common LAN topologies like bus, star, and ring. It also describes common networking hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, routers, and network interface cards. The document outlines different network media including copper, fiber optic, and wireless technologies. It provides examples of how home and business networks can be implemented using these concepts and technologies.
Introduction to computer networks for performance venuesartsit
This document introduces computer networks for performance venues. It discusses terminology like LANs, WLANs, and WANs. Devices like switches and routers are also covered. VLANs are explained as a way to segment one physical network into multiple virtual networks using a managed switch or router. This allows sharing of cables while keeping traffic separate. VLANs provide security benefits and reduce infrastructure needs by limiting traffic crossing between segments. The document provides an example network architecture showing how VLANs can isolate lighting, sound, and internet systems on their own virtual networks for a performance venue.
This document discusses the key aspects of a hierarchical switched LAN architecture. It describes the purpose and functions of the access, distribution and core layers. The access layer interfaces with end devices, the distribution layer aggregates and controls traffic flow, and the core layer acts as the high-speed backbone. A hierarchical design model provides benefits like scalability, redundancy, performance, security and manageability. Factors to consider for an effective design include network diameter, bandwidth aggregation and redundancy. The document also covers matching switches to network layers and Cisco switch product lines.
Internet service provider and network backbonearvind pandey
Nepal has few internet service providers. A backbone interconnects different networks to exchange data between them. It can connect local area networks within offices or campuses. When multiple local area networks interconnect over a large area, it forms a wide area network or metropolitan area network for an entire city.
1) Setting up a home network requires a few basic pieces of hardware: a DSL or cable modem to connect to the internet, a wired or wireless router to connect devices on the network to the modem, and wired or wireless network adapters for devices to connect to the router.
2) A router connects devices on a home network and shares an internet connection from a modem. Devices connected to the router are given IP addresses to direct network traffic.
3) Important router specifications include wireless standard and throughput, wired throughput, range, number of ports, and wireless security settings. Choosing a router based on these specifications ensures optimal network performance and security.
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It discusses common network topologies like star, bus, and ring. It also describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, bridges, routers and their functions. Finally, it covers different network media like twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and provides examples of local area network implementations in home and business settings.
This document provides an overview of network topologies and technologies. It describes common physical topologies including bus, star, ring, and point-to-point. Logical topologies determine how data travels between devices and can mimic the physical topology or operate differently using switches. Popular network technologies are also examined, particularly Ethernet, wireless LANs, and Token Ring. Ethernet remains the most widely used LAN technology and comes in various speeds and media types.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) allows devices to connect to a local area network through radio waves instead of cables. WLANs use Wi-Fi or Bluetooth protocols and can connect many device types within a range of hundreds of feet. They utilize wireless access points that connect clients to the network and can bridge to wired networks. WLANs offer mobility over wired LANs but have disadvantages like slower speeds, weaker security, and interference issues compared to wired connections.
This document provides an overview of networking basics. It defines a network as connected devices like computers, hubs, switches and routers. It describes the main types of networks as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless local area networks (WLANs). LANs connect devices within a small area like a building, while WANs connect multiple LANs over long distances using technologies slower than LANs. WLANs provide wireless connections through an access point. Common networking devices include hubs, switches, routers and network interface cards (NICs) that allow devices to connect to networks.
This document discusses different network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, and hybrid topologies. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each topology. It also discusses categories of networks like local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Finally, it covers network protocols, standards, and standards organizations that govern data communication.
This document discusses the key components that make up a computer network. It describes both hardware components like PCs, switches, routers, and cables as well as software components like email services. It focuses on the equipment used in a lab network, including workstations equipped with network interface cards, intermediary devices like routers and switches that direct traffic, and various transmission cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It provides details on the functions of routers, switches, and hubs and describes common cable types and connectors used in setting up a local area network.
Understanding Networking Devices – A Brief Introduction | TechLinu.comTechLinu.com
All but the most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity and functionality. Understanding how these networking devices operate and identifying the tasks they perform are important skills for any network administrator and requirements for a Network+ candidate.
This brief guide introduces usually used networking devices that you may encounter in your career as Network Administrator. This guide is also useful for BCS students and for passionate network learners.
This document provides a summary of a case study of the computer network at a Kotak Mahindra Bank branch in Dombivali. The network uses a star topology with switches to connect 20 computers and multiple shared laser printers. Data transmission between the nodes occurs via serial transmission over category 5 unshielded twisted pair cabling terminated with RJ-45 connectors. The network employs packet switching and uses a local area network configuration to allow sharing of resources between devices.
This document provides information about network topologies and media access methods. It begins by defining a network topology as the physical layout of computers on a network. The four primary network topologies are then described as star, bus, ring, and mesh. Communication methods for bus, ring, and star topologies are explained. Hybrid topologies that combine elements of different primary topologies are also introduced. The document concludes by discussing two common media access methods: CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA.
The document discusses different network topologies including token ring, linear bus, star, and tree topologies. It also covers transmission media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Key aspects summarized include that token ring networks use a ring topology with a token passing protocol to ensure only one device can transmit at a time, while star topologies connect devices through a central hub to isolate devices. Linear bus topologies use a main cable to connect all devices.
Hotel network scenario implementation by using cisco packet tracerHome
This document describes the implementation of a hotel network scenario using Cisco Packet Tracer. It includes:
1) The basic architecture of the hotel network including routers, switches, wireless routers, IP phones, and computers across multiple floors.
2) The requirements for the network including hardware, software, interfaces, and the topology of each floor with assigned IP addresses.
3) The configuration of network devices like routers, switches, and IP phones to set up the hotel network in Cisco Packet Tracer.
A computer network connects multiple computers allowing them to communicate and share resources. It requires a minimum of two computers connected by cables or wirelessly with network interface cards. There are different types of networks including local area networks covering a small area like a building, metropolitan area networks spanning a city, and wide area networks covering larger distances like the internet. Networks can be configured in a peer-to-peer setup where computers act as equal partners or a client-server setup with dedicated server computers.
A network connects computers and devices together using cables to allow sharing of hardware, software, files and printers. Information travels over the cables at certain speeds depending on the type of network. There are rules and standards that networks follow regarding cabling, topology and speeds. Ethernet is a common and fast networking standard that uses either twisted-pair or thin coax cabling and network cards to connect nodes on the network.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and details regarding the school's network. It discusses why networks are important, defines what a network is, and describes the key components and types of networks. The school's network uses a hierarchical extended star design with fiber optic cables connecting the school to servers located offsite. The network includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) within the school, a wide area network (WAN) connecting the school to other district sites, a storage area network (SAN) for student data, personal area networks (PANs) within classrooms, and a virtual private network (VPN) allowing remote access to files.
The document discusses that network design should be a complete process that analyzes business needs and goals, explores technical options, and delivers a system to maximize success; it emphasizes analyzing applications, users, and technical goals like performance, scalability, availability, and security before designing network structures and selecting specific technologies. The document also outlines phases of network design like requirements analysis, logical and physical design, testing, and optimization according to the systems development life cycle approach.
The document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, and mesh topologies, and provides details on how each is structured. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of each topology type. Bus topology connects all computers to a main cable. Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a circular loop. Mesh topology connects all devices to each other so there are multiple redundant connections between devices.
The document provides an introduction to basic networking concepts. It discusses what a computer network is and some common network types including peer-to-peer and client/server networks. It also describes popular network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. Additionally, it outlines common networking hardware such as switches, routers, and gateways. The key advantages and disadvantages of different network types and topologies are highlighted. Finally, it discusses important networking standards organizations and some basic networking principles such as message encoding, formatting, and communication protocols.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including different network topologies, types of networks, and common networking devices. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models. Topologies covered include ring, bus, star, mesh, and tree. Wide area networks and local area networks are defined. Common networking devices like repeaters, bridges, routers, switches, and network interface cards are also explained.
Internet service provider and network backbonearvind pandey
Nepal has few internet service providers. A backbone interconnects different networks to exchange data between them. It can connect local area networks within offices or campuses. When multiple local area networks interconnect over a large area, it forms a wide area network or metropolitan area network for an entire city.
1) Setting up a home network requires a few basic pieces of hardware: a DSL or cable modem to connect to the internet, a wired or wireless router to connect devices on the network to the modem, and wired or wireless network adapters for devices to connect to the router.
2) A router connects devices on a home network and shares an internet connection from a modem. Devices connected to the router are given IP addresses to direct network traffic.
3) Important router specifications include wireless standard and throughput, wired throughput, range, number of ports, and wireless security settings. Choosing a router based on these specifications ensures optimal network performance and security.
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It discusses common network topologies like star, bus, and ring. It also describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, bridges, routers and their functions. Finally, it covers different network media like twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and provides examples of local area network implementations in home and business settings.
This document provides an overview of network topologies and technologies. It describes common physical topologies including bus, star, ring, and point-to-point. Logical topologies determine how data travels between devices and can mimic the physical topology or operate differently using switches. Popular network technologies are also examined, particularly Ethernet, wireless LANs, and Token Ring. Ethernet remains the most widely used LAN technology and comes in various speeds and media types.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) allows devices to connect to a local area network through radio waves instead of cables. WLANs use Wi-Fi or Bluetooth protocols and can connect many device types within a range of hundreds of feet. They utilize wireless access points that connect clients to the network and can bridge to wired networks. WLANs offer mobility over wired LANs but have disadvantages like slower speeds, weaker security, and interference issues compared to wired connections.
This document provides an overview of networking basics. It defines a network as connected devices like computers, hubs, switches and routers. It describes the main types of networks as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless local area networks (WLANs). LANs connect devices within a small area like a building, while WANs connect multiple LANs over long distances using technologies slower than LANs. WLANs provide wireless connections through an access point. Common networking devices include hubs, switches, routers and network interface cards (NICs) that allow devices to connect to networks.
This document discusses different network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, and hybrid topologies. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each topology. It also discusses categories of networks like local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Finally, it covers network protocols, standards, and standards organizations that govern data communication.
This document discusses the key components that make up a computer network. It describes both hardware components like PCs, switches, routers, and cables as well as software components like email services. It focuses on the equipment used in a lab network, including workstations equipped with network interface cards, intermediary devices like routers and switches that direct traffic, and various transmission cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It provides details on the functions of routers, switches, and hubs and describes common cable types and connectors used in setting up a local area network.
Understanding Networking Devices – A Brief Introduction | TechLinu.comTechLinu.com
All but the most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity and functionality. Understanding how these networking devices operate and identifying the tasks they perform are important skills for any network administrator and requirements for a Network+ candidate.
This brief guide introduces usually used networking devices that you may encounter in your career as Network Administrator. This guide is also useful for BCS students and for passionate network learners.
This document provides a summary of a case study of the computer network at a Kotak Mahindra Bank branch in Dombivali. The network uses a star topology with switches to connect 20 computers and multiple shared laser printers. Data transmission between the nodes occurs via serial transmission over category 5 unshielded twisted pair cabling terminated with RJ-45 connectors. The network employs packet switching and uses a local area network configuration to allow sharing of resources between devices.
This document provides information about network topologies and media access methods. It begins by defining a network topology as the physical layout of computers on a network. The four primary network topologies are then described as star, bus, ring, and mesh. Communication methods for bus, ring, and star topologies are explained. Hybrid topologies that combine elements of different primary topologies are also introduced. The document concludes by discussing two common media access methods: CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA.
The document discusses different network topologies including token ring, linear bus, star, and tree topologies. It also covers transmission media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Key aspects summarized include that token ring networks use a ring topology with a token passing protocol to ensure only one device can transmit at a time, while star topologies connect devices through a central hub to isolate devices. Linear bus topologies use a main cable to connect all devices.
Hotel network scenario implementation by using cisco packet tracerHome
This document describes the implementation of a hotel network scenario using Cisco Packet Tracer. It includes:
1) The basic architecture of the hotel network including routers, switches, wireless routers, IP phones, and computers across multiple floors.
2) The requirements for the network including hardware, software, interfaces, and the topology of each floor with assigned IP addresses.
3) The configuration of network devices like routers, switches, and IP phones to set up the hotel network in Cisco Packet Tracer.
A computer network connects multiple computers allowing them to communicate and share resources. It requires a minimum of two computers connected by cables or wirelessly with network interface cards. There are different types of networks including local area networks covering a small area like a building, metropolitan area networks spanning a city, and wide area networks covering larger distances like the internet. Networks can be configured in a peer-to-peer setup where computers act as equal partners or a client-server setup with dedicated server computers.
A network connects computers and devices together using cables to allow sharing of hardware, software, files and printers. Information travels over the cables at certain speeds depending on the type of network. There are rules and standards that networks follow regarding cabling, topology and speeds. Ethernet is a common and fast networking standard that uses either twisted-pair or thin coax cabling and network cards to connect nodes on the network.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and details regarding the school's network. It discusses why networks are important, defines what a network is, and describes the key components and types of networks. The school's network uses a hierarchical extended star design with fiber optic cables connecting the school to servers located offsite. The network includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) within the school, a wide area network (WAN) connecting the school to other district sites, a storage area network (SAN) for student data, personal area networks (PANs) within classrooms, and a virtual private network (VPN) allowing remote access to files.
The document discusses that network design should be a complete process that analyzes business needs and goals, explores technical options, and delivers a system to maximize success; it emphasizes analyzing applications, users, and technical goals like performance, scalability, availability, and security before designing network structures and selecting specific technologies. The document also outlines phases of network design like requirements analysis, logical and physical design, testing, and optimization according to the systems development life cycle approach.
The document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, and mesh topologies, and provides details on how each is structured. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of each topology type. Bus topology connects all computers to a main cable. Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a circular loop. Mesh topology connects all devices to each other so there are multiple redundant connections between devices.
The document provides an introduction to basic networking concepts. It discusses what a computer network is and some common network types including peer-to-peer and client/server networks. It also describes popular network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. Additionally, it outlines common networking hardware such as switches, routers, and gateways. The key advantages and disadvantages of different network types and topologies are highlighted. Finally, it discusses important networking standards organizations and some basic networking principles such as message encoding, formatting, and communication protocols.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including different network topologies, types of networks, and common networking devices. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models. Topologies covered include ring, bus, star, mesh, and tree. Wide area networks and local area networks are defined. Common networking devices like repeaters, bridges, routers, switches, and network interface cards are also explained.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources. Networks allow simultaneous access to data, data sharing, personal communication, hardware sharing, and easier data backup. The main types of networks are LAN, MAN, and WAN. Network operating systems like peer-to-peer and client/server control software and hardware. Common network topologies include bus, star, tree, ring, and mesh. Wired and wireless media transmit data. Networking devices include network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, and routers.
1. There are several common network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies.
2. In a bus topology, all computers connect to a single cable or trunkline, while in a star topology each computer connects individually to a central hub or switch.
3. Hybrid topologies combine elements of different topologies, like a tree topology that groups workstations in stars connected along a linear bus, or a hierarchical star that connects multiple hubs through a central hub.
This document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to share resources and exchange information. It then covers different types of networks including LANs, WANs, MANs, peer-to-peer, and client-server networks. The document also discusses various network topologies, transmission media, and advantages and disadvantages of different network types.
The document provides information about networking including:
1. It defines what a network is and discusses the early origins and development of networking beginning in the 1960s for military purposes.
2. It outlines the key exams, certifications, and topics covered in the CCNP certification for networking professionals.
3. It discusses different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh, and compares their advantages and disadvantages for different networking situations and needs.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks presented by Ram nivas sonkar. It begins with defining what a computer network is and discusses the key components and types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN. It then covers topics like network topologies, wireless networks and the OSI model. Specifically, it describes common network topologies like star, bus, ring and tree and explains the layers of the OSI model from the physical layer up to the transport layer.
The document discusses networking and telecommunications. It provides an overview of network basics including why organizations use networks, advantages of networks over standalone computers, and common network types including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers network architectures, topologies, protocols, media, and security considerations.
Computer networks connect autonomous computers located anywhere. A LAN connects computers in a small area like a room or building using high speed. A MAN operates in a city and a WAN spans large distances like countries. Networks allow resource, information and communication sharing. Common topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh, with star being most common. Key components are physical media, devices like hubs, switches and routers, computers and networking software. TCP/IP is a common networking protocol and applications include email, web, commerce, telephony and conferencing.
Networking tutorials introduction to networkingVinod Jadhav
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including different network topologies (physical layouts), classifications (LANs, WANs, PANs), and standards (IEEE 802). It discusses the characteristics of common topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. It also covers wired and wireless network models, comparing infrastructure wireless to ad-hoc wireless networks. Key networking standards like Ethernet (802.3), Token Ring (802.5), and wireless (802.11) are summarized.
This document provides information about computer networks and telecommunications. It discusses terminals, telecommunications software, communication processors, communication media, network topologies, protocols, network architectures, and internet protocols. Terminals include video display terminals and other end user workstations. Telecommunications software functions include access control, transmission control, network control, error control, and security. Common network topologies include star, ring, bus, and tree configurations. Popular internet protocols are TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, Telnet, Gopher, and WAIS. The document also covers internet addressing, domains, email addresses, URLs, and web directories.
The document discusses four main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet, and intranets. It compares the characteristics of these networks such as transmission media, bandwidth, geographical spread, and functions. Common network devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also explained. Legal issues regarding computer networks like privacy, copyright infringement, and data protection are outlined.
The document discusses four main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet, and intranets. It compares the characteristics of these networks such as transmission media, bandwidth, geographical spread, and functions. Common network devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also explained. Legal issues regarding computer networks like privacy, copyright, and data protection are outlined.
The document discusses four main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet, and intranets. It compares the characteristics of these networks such as transmission media, bandwidth, geographical spread, and functions. Common network devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also explained. Legal issues regarding computer networks like privacy, copyright infringement, and data protection are outlined.
This document defines and describes various types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It discusses key characteristics that define networks such as topology, protocol, architecture, and media. Specific network types covered include Ethernet, switched Ethernet, and the Internet. The document also defines common networking terms like routing, bridging, segmentation, and protocols.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer network concepts. It defines what a computer network is and describes different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN and CAN. It explains the differences between these networks in terms of geographical area covered, ownership, design/maintenance and communication medium used. The document also discusses network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh. It describes common network devices, applications of networks for resource and information sharing, and different types of servers in a client-server network model.
- A network is an interconnected system that connects computers and allows for sharing of information and resources.
- There are several types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).
- Setting up a network provides benefits like increased speed of file transfers, lower software costs, improved security, centralized software management, and ability to share resources like printers. However, networks also have disadvantages like downtime if the main cable is broken and costs of switches or routers.
- Common network topologies include bus, ring, and star configurations. The bus layout has a main backbone cable, ring uses each device as a repeater in a closed loop, and star connects all devices to a
This document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines peer-to-peer and client-server networks, describing their advantages and disadvantages. Peer-to-peer networks have no centralized control and are best for small networks with 10 or fewer users where security is not critical. Client-server networks have centralized control through servers and are better for larger networks that require sharing of resources and enhanced security. The document also covers network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh, and network hardware such as switches, routers, hubs and bridges.
This document discusses the key components of a local area network (LAN). It describes common network topologies like star, ring, bus and mesh. It also covers different types of network classifications based on transmission technologies and architecture. The main hardware components of a LAN discussed include network interface cards, hubs, switches, cables and connectors, routers and modems. Important software components mentioned are network operating systems and protocol suites.
Buku ini membahaskan tentang ijtihad Khalifah Abu Bakar yang bertentangan dengan nas al-Quran dan Sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW. Beberapa contoh ijtihad tersebut adalah cubaan membakar rumah Fatimah, mengambil kembali tanah Fadak, dan menghentikan pemberian khums kepada keluarga Nabi. Buku ini menganalisis ijtihad-ijtihad tersebut dari perspektif al-Quran dan hadis.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how cocoa beans were first used as currency by the Maya and Aztecs before being transformed into a sweet confection by the Spanish in Europe. The text then outlines the global popularity and commercialization of chocolate in the 18th and 19th centuries as it became widely available and new production methods emerged.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pentingnya kesehatan mental dan emosional bagi setiap orang. Selain itu, dokumen juga menjelaskan beberapa cara untuk menjaga dan memelihara kesehatan mental dan emosional seperti berolahraga, bermeditasi, berbagi perasaan dengan orang lain, serta mencari bantuan profesional jika diperlukan.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Peristiwa tragis Karbala pada 10 Muharam 61 H diingat setiap tahun oleh Syi'ah karena:
1. Memberi inspirasi untuk melawan penguasa tiran demi keadilan
2. Mengingatkan bahwa kemenangan sejati tidak selalu tampak secara lahiriah
3. Memperlihatkan kekalahan militer bukan berarti kekalahan ide
Buku ini menceritakan perjalanan penulis melaksanakan ibadah haji untuk pertama kalinya ke Mekkah pada usia 18 tahun. Ia merasakan kegembiraan yang luar biasa ketika pertama kali memasuki pelataran Baitullah. Ia juga mengingat tangisan haru ayahnya saat mengantarnya pergi melaksanakan ibadah haji. Penulis merasa dirinya sangat beruntung dapat melaksanakan ibadah haji pada
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
1. By irwansyah and zulfakar
Star Topology
You will find that a star topology is most common in networks. This is
mainly because of the ease of configuring and troubleshooting it. If a
wire or a single port on the hub or switch goes bad, only one network
node goes down, which prevents a huge impact on productivity
overall (unless the entire hub or switch fails-in which case, the whole
LAN goes down). However, because a star topology involves a
central hub or switch as well as a lot more cabling, it costs more to
implement.
Disadvantages of a Star Network
Twisted pair cables typically used in star topologies are not as immune to interferences as coaxial
cable
Expensive because of additional cabling and central hub require
If the centralize device fails the entire system is affected
Advantages of Star Network
Easy to Install: Each device on network simply requires a cable run between it and the
concentrator device.
Flexible: Devices can be added or removed without affecting the other devices on the network.
A single device or cable failure will not bring down the network
Easy to set up and to expand as each device on the network simply requires a cable run
between it and the concentrator device
Any non-centralized failure will have very little effect on the network, whereas on a ring network
it would all fail with one fault.
2. Data Packets are sent quickly as they do not have to travel through any unnecessary nodes.
Performance is greater with speeds capable of 10mbps to 100mbps or more
The ability to isolate individual devices in troubleshooting An intelligent central hub or switch that
can help diagnose and manage the network Adjusting traffic levels so that computers that place
heavy loads on the network are moved to separate hubs
Bus topology
In bus topologies, all computers are connected to a single cable or "trunk or backbone", by a
transceiver either directly or by using a short drop cable.
The number of computers on a bus network will affect network performance, since only one
computer at a time can send data, the more computers you have on the network the more
computers there will be waiting send data. A line break at any point along the trunk cable will result
in total network failure. Computers on a bus only listen for data being sent they do not move data
from one computer to the next, this is called passive topology.
Disadvantages
Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
Performance: Coax technology is usually limited to a maximum of 10mbs.
Not intended for use as a standalone solution in a large building.
Coax technology is usually limited to a maximum of 10mbs.
Limited cable length and number of stations.
Not intended for use as a standalone solution in a large building.
If there is a problem with the cable, the entire network goes down.
Performance degrades as additional computers are added or on heavy traffic.
Low security (all computers on the bus can see all data transmissions).
If one node fails, the whole network will shut down.
You are limited with the number of devices that you can have on a single segme
Advantages
Inexpensive: Does not require additional hardware to interconnect the attached devices.
3. Easy to Install: Coax cable is durable and performs well in harsh environments.
Flexible: New devices can be added by simply installing a new ‘T’ connector.
Well suited for temporary or small networks not requiring high speeds(quick setup)Initially less
expensive than other topologies.
Requires less cable length than a star topology
Ring Topology
In a ring topology network computers are connected by a single
loop of cable, the data signals travel around the loop in one
direction, passing through each computer. Ring topology is an
active topology because each computer repeats (boosts) the
signal before passing it on to the next computer. One method of
transmitting data around a ring is called token passing. The
token is passed from computer to computer until it gets to a
computer that has data to send.
Advantages
Data is quickly transferred without a 'bottle neck'
The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only.
Adding additional nodes has very little impact on bandwidth
It prevents network collisions because of the media access method or architecture required.
All devices have equal access.
Disadvantages
Because all stations are wired together, to add a station you must shut down the network
temporarily.
It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring.
Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender and recipient Therefore
this makes it slower.
If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken and data cannot be transmitted successful
4. 4 W’s
What
Star
Involves a central a
star topology hub or
switch as well as a lot
more cabling, it costs
more to implement.
Bus
In bus topologies, all
computers are
connected to a single
cable or "trunk or
backbone", by a
transceiver either
directly or by using a
short drop cable.
Where
Home
Small Office
Office
Internet Cafe
When
When it is
centralized star
topology can be
used.
When it is
decentralized bus
topology can be
used.
Why
It suits the
environment
It suits the
environment
Ring
In a ring topology
network computers
are connected by a
single loop of cable,
the data signals travel
around the loop in
one direction, passing
through each
computer
Computer lab
Library
When it is
centralized ring
topology can be
used
It suits the
environment
5. Server
What is server?
A server is a system (software and suitable computer hardware) that
responds to requests across a computer network to provide, or help
to provide, a network. Servers can be run on a dedicated computer,
which is also often referred to as "the server", but many networked
computers are capable of hosting servers. In many cases, a computer can provide several
services and have several servers running.
Features of server
Servers operate within a client-server architecture, servers are computer programs running to
serve the requests of other programs, the clients. Thus, the server performs some task on
behalf of clients. The clients typically connect to the server through the network but may run on
the same computer. In the context of Internet Protocol (IP) networking, a server is a program
that operates as a socket listener.
Servers often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large
organization or to public users via the Internet. Typical computing servers are database
server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, gaming server, application server, or
some other kind of server.
Numerous systems use this client / server networking model including Web sites and email
services. An alternative model, peer-to-peer networking enables all computers to act as either a
server or client as needed.
Products of server
6. Comparison of server
Compare and contrast the two server systems.
Currently, OME offers two different version of its server software: the original
Perl-based OME server which has been in development since 2000; and a
lighter, Java-based server/client suite known as the OMERO Platform which
provides a hi-performance data management and visualization solution.
The two servers have different strength and weaknesses due to the underlying
architecture they use. They can also each be used in different ways. There is
however a recommended use for each and it is these we will compare in depth.
Client
What is client?
A client is a computer program that, as part of its operation, relies on sending a request to
another computer program (which may or may not be located on another computer). For
example, web browsers are clients that connect to web servers and retrieve web pages for
display. Email clients retrieve email from mail servers. Online chat uses a variety of clients,
which vary depending on the chat protocol being used. Multiplayer video games or online
video games may run as a client on each computer. The term "client" may also be applied
to computers or devices that run the client software or users that use the client software.
Product of client
7. Comparison of clients
Based on the results of this study, it is clear that thin-client devices are more energyefficient than personal computers, with some models using 85 percent less power than
their PC rivals in real world environments. This energy efficiency translates into
significant, measurable cost savings for businesses both in the short term and the
long term, whether an organization is using dozens, hundreds or thousands of desktop
devices. Finally, the ability
to deploy desktop devices with integrated liquid crystal displays (LCDs) affords
businesses an even greater opportunity to reduce the energy consumption of their IT
environment.
Features of client
A client is part of a client–server model, which is still used today. Clients and servers
may be computer programs run on the same machine and connect via inter-process
communication techniques. Combined with Internet sockets, programs may connect
to a service operating on a possibly remote system through the Internet protocol
suite. Servers wait for potential clients to initiate connections that they may accept.
The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own
stand-alone programs, but could interact with remote computers via a network.
These dumb terminals were clients of the time-sharing mainframe computer.
8. Internet Devices
Switch
A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that links network
segments or network devices. The term commonly refers to a multi-port network bridge that
processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that
additionally process data at the network layer (layer 3) and above are often called layer-3
switches or multilayer switches.
Switches exist for various types of networks including Fibre Channel, Asynchronous
Transfer Mode, Infini Band, Ethernet and others. The first Ethernet switch was introduced
by Kalpana in 1990.
Bridge
Bridges operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges inspect incoming
traffic and decide whether to forward or discard it. An Ethernet bridge, for example, inspects
each incoming Ethernet frame - including the source and destination MAC addresses, and
sometimes the frame size - in making individual forwarding decisions.
9. Bridges serve a similar function as switches, that also operate at Layer 2. Traditional bridges,
though, support one network boundary, whereas switches usually offer four or more hardware
ports. Switches are sometimes called "multi-port bridges" for this reason.
Repeater
Network repeaters regenerate incoming electrical, wireless or optical signals.
With physical media like Ethernet or Wi-Fi, data transmissions can only span a
limited distance before the quality of the signal degrades. Repeaters attempt to
preserve signal integrity and extend the distance over which data can safely
travel.
Router
A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an
overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks.
When a data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the
packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing
table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform
the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one
router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its
destination node
What is Internet devices?
To access the internet, you not only need an internet connection, but you
also need a device to access the internet on.
The range of devices to connect to the internet on is increasing all the
time.
10. We used to access the internet on desktop or laptop computers. Now,
you might carry a smartphone or a tablet, or even use the internet on a
smart TV
Feature
Whichever device you use when you’re banking, shopping, surfing or social
networking online, the Internet holds the same security risks – including malware
infections, cybercrime and phishing. So it’s important to ensure all your
connected devices, and the personal data you store on them, are protected
against all the threats the Web can deliver.
Internet Security – Multi-Device is the easy-to-use, one-license, multi-platform
security solution that protects virtually any combination of PCs, Macs, Android
smart phones and Android tablets to give you:
Comparison
Although Wi-Fi and 3G can be considered complementary technologies,
sometimes you have to choose one over the other for either budget reasons
(mobile Internet data plans, especially for multiple devices, can be costly) or
technological limitations (when the Apple iPad first came out, for example, users
had to choose between getting a Wi-Fi-only model or wait for the version that
offered 3G as well as Wi-Fi).
Product
11. Media
What is a media?
Almost all Media Converters that are commonly available on the market claim to
have a feature called Link-Pass Through. However, in most products, this feature is
poorly implemented and does not work properly. If you choose a low-end Media
Converter, the end to end connection on your network will always appear as if it is
up and running, even though the fiber connection may be broken or disconnected.
The end devices, such as switches, continue to see the connection as healthy and
never report a problem to an enterprise network management system. Your network
will be down and you won’t know why or what to fix!
Product
The VanCryst™ Media Matrix Solution is a combination of the VM0808T 8x8 Cat 5 A/V Matrix
Switch and the VE500 / VE300 A/V Over Cat 5 Extender. The VM0808T is a Matrix Switch that
routes and distributes audio, video, and RS-232 signals over distances of up to 300 m with
1280x1024 video resolution.
12. Comparison
While we shouldn’t make light of 4 million homes without power in the aftermath of
Irene, it was much less of a storm than advertised. I’ve seen worse damage—and
had longer power interruptions (my power went out last night at 3 am for a grand
total of two minutes)—from normal severe summer thunderstorms. However, a
week ago it was by no means clear that the storm would weaken as it did, and the
reverse might well have occurred.
Features
Data hub shall deliver media and data service to up to six
different locations. Data hub shall offer Category 5e
performance to support applications that require additional
bandwidth. Data hub shall offer 110 punch down terminations
for high-performance capability. Punch downs shall also be
positioned on front of hub for easy access to terminations
within the enclosure. Data hub shall also offer quick
13. installation features for easy moves, adds, and changes
Nos
What is NOS
Network Operating System refers to software that implements an operating
system of some kind that is oriented to computer networking. For example, one that
runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security,
applications, and other networking functions.[1] The network operating system is
designed to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a
network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks.
Product of nos
14. Features of nos
Windows
Directory Services
A directory service is a database of user accounts and other information that
network administrators use to control access to shared network resources. When
users connect to a network, they have to be authenticated before they can access
network resources. Authentication is the process of checking the user's credentials
(usually a user name and a password) against the directory. Users that supply the
proper credentials are permitted access according to the permissions specified by
the network administrator.
Client Support
Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT Workstation 4.0 Windows
2000 Professional, Xp Pro. Vista Ultimate, Vista Business.
Interoperability
Windows 2000,2003,2008 Server supports UNIX, Novell NetWare, Windows NT
Server 4.0, and Macintosh.
Authentication
Successful user authentication in a Windows 2000,2003,2008 computing
environment consists of separate processes: interactive logon, which confirms the
user's identification to either a domain account or a local computer, and network
authentication, which confirms the user's identification to any network service that
the user attempts to access.
15. Types of authentication
Kerberos V5 is used with either a password or a smart card for interactive logon. It is
also the default method of network authentication for services.The Kerberos V5
protocol verifies both the identity of the user and network services Secure Socket
Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) authentication, is used when a user
attempts to access a secure Web server.
Comparison of nos
A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating system system
that is designed primarily to support workstation, personal computer,
and, in some instances, older terminalthat are connected on a local area
network (LAN). Artisoft's LANtastic, Banyan VINES, Novell's NetWare, and
Microsoft's LAN Manager are examples of network operating systems. In
addition, some multi-purpose operating systems, such as Windows
NT and Digital's OpenVMS come with capabilities that enable them to be
described as a network operating system.
A network operating system provides printer sharing, common file system
and database sharing, application sharing, and the ability to manage a
network name directory, security, and other housekeeping aspects of a
network.